1. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates insulin resistance in hepatocytes
- Author
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Shan bo Ma, Rui Zhang, Shan Miao, Bin Gao, Sen Hui, Aidong Wen, Xiao‑Peng Shi, Long Li, and Yang Lu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Cancer Research ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Catechin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Insulin resistance ,GSK-3 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Insulin ,Glycogen synthase ,Molecular Biology ,Protein kinase B ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Glycogen ,Kinase ,food and beverages ,Hep G2 Cells ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,IRS1 ,Glucose ,Oncology ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Hepatocytes ,Molecular Medicine ,Phosphorylation ,Insulin Resistance ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a typical pathogenic factor in a series of complications among patients with type II diabetes. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenol extracted from green tea and is reported to be an antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of EGCG on insulin resistance in human HepG2 cells pretreated with high concentrations of glucose. The protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) pathways were analyzed using western blot analysis in HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes treated with high glucose and/or EGCG. Cellular glycogen content was determined using a glycogen assay kit. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined using dihydroethidium staining and flow cytometry. c‑JUN N‑terminal kinase (JNK)/insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/AKT/GSK signaling was explored using western blot analysis in HepG2 cells treated with high glucose and/or EGCG or N-acetyl-cysteine. High glucose significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylated AKT and GSK in HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. Pretreatment with EGCG significantly restored the activation of AKT and GSK in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes exposed to high glucose. In HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes, glycogen synthesis was improved by EGCG treatment in a dose‑dependent manner. High glucose significantly stimulated the production of ROS while EGCG protected high glucose‑induced ROS production. ROS is known to serve a major role in high glucose induced‑insulin resistance by increasing JNK and IRS1 serine phosphorylation. In the present study, EGCG was observed to enhance the insulin‑signaling pathway. EGCG ameliorated high glucose‑induced insulin resistance in the hepatocytes by potentially decreasing ROS‑induced JNK/IRS1/AKT/GSK signaling.
- Published
- 2015