Search

This article offers a cohesive design optimization and control framework of a large-scale grid-connected battery and battery-less hybrid solar/wind system. Primarily, a techno-enviro-socio-economic design optimization and feasibility analysis were performed for eight distinct energy alternatives. Secondly, a finite-set model predictive current control (FS-MPCC) was proposed to improve both stability and dynamic behavior of the optimal energy alternative under various climatic circumstances. Moreover, finite-set model predictive control is furtherly employed to exploit the maximum permissible power from both solar and wind energies. The proposed framework is verified over a new case-study in Sokhna Industrial Zone in Suez, Egypt. The studied load demand combines both industrial and residential load sectors with a daily consumption of 40,500 kWh and of 4-MW peak. The design optimization results revealed that the grid-connected photovoltaic/wind turbines/converter system has superior sustainable and economic performances with the least net present cost ($17,371,980) and energy cost (0.0782 $/kWh). These values were less than those of the base-case system (grid-only) by 17 % and 22 %, respectively. Moreover, the reliability analysis found a tiny and tolerable daily capacity shortage of 5835-kWh despite the five annual grid outages. Besides, around 52 % of the total energy production was acquired from both solar and wind generation systems, which interpreted in a maximum saving in carbon dioxide emissions by 45.8 % compared to the base-case system and offered substantial social benefits in terms of creating nearly 10 jobs. The FS-MPCC results proved a reinforced dynamic behavior for the maximum power tracking profiles of solar and wind systems as well as in the DC-bus voltage profile regarding the over- and undershoot and the steady-state response. Compared to PI controller, the proposed FS-MPCC creates dq-axis voltages and currents with less disturbances and ripples which inject current/voltage to the grid with fewer harmonics and thus increases the generator's lifetime. To sum up, the proposed method features an integrative and compelling case to be used as an efficient tool to implement large-scale renewable energy projects. It could act as a blueprint for energy developers, researchers, investors, and authorities to achieve affordable and sustainable energy access. • On-grid solar/wind energy system is optimized to meet industrial and residential loads. • PI. FS-MPCC technique is developed and compared with PI for optimal system control. • Optimal design has the least net present and energy costs and maximum carbon savings. • FS-MPCC prove a strengthened dynamic performance under different climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Large-scale reverse osmosis desalination powered by hybrid renewable energy source. • The optimal off-grid power system was photovoltaics/wind/diesel/battery/convertor. • The emitted carbon dioxide of the optimal system outperformed diesel system by 81.5%. • Energy storage systems are required to meet the energy demand during night times. Seawater desalination is a viable source of potable water, particularly for the coastal and remote areas. However, their sustainability is limited by the intensive energy demand of the present methods. Renewable energy is an inexhaustible source of energy, accompanied by cost reduction benefits and clean power generations. Seawater desalination powered with renewable energy sources is being attractive, mainly if the utility-grid is absent. This paper aims to design a renewable energy system, to meet the electrical load demand of large-scale reverse osmosis desalination plant (1500 m3/d), and to find the optimal sizing and techno-economic and environmental feasibility assessment of several off-grid power systems. Two off-grid scenarios with different combinations of hybrid power systems were proposed and compared with the base-case of diesel. The first scenario consists of a photovoltaic, wind turbine, diesel, and generator, while the second scenario is equipped with battery storage devices. A total of eleven hybrid renewable energy systems were modelled, analyzed, and compared with the aid of HOMER Pro software to identify the best performance and the optimal plan configuration. The optimization results show that the proposed photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery/convertor system outperformed the other alternatives and exhibited reduction potential of 60.7%, 73.7%, 62% and 81.5% lower than the existing diesel with regards to the net present cost, renewable fraction, cost of energy, and carbon dioxide emission, respectively. The optimum case consists of 451 kW solar panels, 25 wind turbines, 250 kW diesel power, battery storage of 352 string, and 358 kW system converter. The results obtained by the optimal plan with low cost and environmental protection aspects would provide a new sight for real field applications of large scales reverse osmosis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, the emerging trend of hybrid renewable energy sources integration in modern power systems is increasing due to privileged prices and clean electricity supply. However, the optimal planning of rural hybrid systems is a challenging and complex task, especially when different alternatives and sustainability aspects are considered. This paper develops an integrated decision-making approach for the optimal planning of a 100% renewable energy supply system comprising solar, wind, hydro, and biomass sources in a rural area located in Pakistan. An hourly-based design optimization analysis of twelve on/off-grid electrification alternatives is performed. The optimization model simultaneously addresses five sustainability criteria related to economy, reliability, ecology, society, and topography aspects. Furthermore, a novel hybrid decision-making model has developed to identify the unique best configuration with on-grid and off-grid options. The proposed model combines fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution, and evaluation based on distance from average solution methods. The results reveal that the solar-hydro-biomass battery with a life cycle cost of 10.9 M$ is the top-ranking off-grid system. When the hybrid system is connected to the grid, the solar-hydro-battery has found the most appropriate design with a life cycle cost of 12.96 M$. Both scenarios have a negligible capacity shortage of 0.09%. Ecologically, the optimal off-grid system produces only 408.37 kg/yr of CO 2 due to the significant energy share of solar and hydro sources (99.3%). The optimal on-grid system produced the minimum CO 2 with 29,177.89 kg/yr compared to other alternatives. Also, employing the optimal on/off-grid designs require land area and jobs of 96.6 m2, 14 jobs, and 118 m2, 15 jobs, respectively. Overall, the developed approach with the presented case study offers a valuable benchmark and guidelines for investors and stakeholders to create realistic investment plans for the energy industry looking to push efficient inducements to encourage the high dissemination of renewables. [Display omitted] • 100% renewable energy system is established for on/off grid rural electrification. • Twelve distinctive solar/wind/hydro/biomass-based hybrid energy alternatives are optimized. • An integrated fuzzy-AHP/TOPSIS/EDAS/MOORA decision-making model is proposed. • Cost, reliability, emission, social, and topographical criteria are simultaneously considered. • Results prove the long-term sustainability of 100% renewable in rural Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]