1. Pressures of Wilderness Improvised Wound Irrigation Techniques: How Do They Compare?
- Author
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Luck, John B., Campagne, Danielle, Falcón Banchs, Roberto, Montoya, Jason, and Spano, Susanne J.
- Subjects
WILDERNESS areas ,IRRIGATION ,PLASTIC bottles ,PLASTIC bags ,HYDRATION ,MEDICAL equipment ,WOUND care ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HYPODERMIC needles ,IRRIGATION (Medicine) ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICINE ,PRESSURE ,RESEARCH ,SYRINGES ,PRODUCT design ,EVALUATION research ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Objective: Compare the pressures measured by improvised irrigation techniques to a commercial device and to prior reports.Methods: Devices tested included a commercial 500-mL compressible plastic bottle with splash guard, a 10-mL syringe, a 10-mL syringe with a 14-ga angiocatheter (with needle removed), a 50-mL Sawyer syringe, a plastic bag punctured with a 14-ga needle, a plastic bottle with cap punctured by a 14-ga needle, a plastic bottle with sports top, and a bladder-style hydration system. Each device was leveled on a support, manually compressed, and aimed toward a piece of glass. A high-speed camera placed behind the glass recorded the height of the stream upon impact at its highest and lowest point. Measurements were recorded 5 times for each device. Pressures in pounds per square inch (psi) were calculated.Results: The syringe and angiocatheter pressures measured the highest pressures (16-49 psi). The 50-mL syringe (7-11 psi), 14-ga punctured water bottle (7-25 psi), and water bottle with sports top (3-7 psi) all measured at or above the commercial device (4-5 psi). Only the bladder-style hydration system (1-2 psi) and plastic bag with 14-ga needle puncture (2-3 psi) did not reach pressures generated by the commercial device.Conclusions: Pressures are consistent with those previously reported. All systems using compressible water bottles and all syringe-based systems provided pressures at or exceeding a commercial wound irrigation device. A 14-ga punctured plastic bag and bladder-style hydration pack failed to generate similar irrigation pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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