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The El-Minia district is a location of interest for future urban development. Using hydrochemistry and electrical resistivity studies, this work aimed to evaluate the groundwater potentiality and it's suitable for various uses. The groundwater potential in the study area was evaluated based on 24 VESs (vertical electrical soundings), and its quality was determined based on the analyses of 57 groundwater samples. EC (salinity index), Na% (salt hazard), SAR (ratio of sodium adsorption), chloride risks, SSP (soluble sodium percentage), MH (magnesium hazard), and other indicators were used to determine whether the collected water samples were suitable for irrigation. Four layers in the study area are mentioned in the geoelectrical cross-sections that have been constructed. The first is made up of silt and clay from the Nile River, while the second is made up of sandy clay, which has a resistivity range of 15 to 32 Ohm.m and a range thickness of 2 to 68 m. Dry limestone makes up the third layer; its resistivity ranges from 1222 to 3000 Ohm.m and its thickness varies between 75 and 95 m. The Eocene aquifer in the research area is represented by the final layer, which has a thickness of more than 250 m and resistivity values that range from 602 to 860 Ohm.m. Most groundwater samples that were collected are safe for drinking; however, none of them are fit for home usage because of their extreme hardness. According to the SAR and US diagram, RSC, KR, and PI, most groundwater samples from the Pleistocene and Eocene aquifers are fit for irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining and associated activities are largely accountable for contamination of water resources and creating the problem of safe water availability to a larger population residing in mining areas. Forty-nine water samples from the surface and sub-surface water resources were collected from the Raniganj coalfield area and analysed for water quality parameters using standard analytical methods. The analysis data were used to assess major ion chemistry, hydrogeochemical processes controlling water chemistry and water quality status for different uses. Results display that both groundwater and surface water of the area was alkaline in nature. HCO3−>Cl−>SO42->NO3−>F− abundance order was observed for anions in both groundwater and surface water resources. While for cations, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+ abundance order was noticed in groundwater and Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ in surface water sources. Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl were the dominant water types in the groundwater and Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Cl and Na-HCO3-Cl in surface water resources. Gibbs, scatter plots and ionic ratios show that the chemical composition of the water resources in Raniganj coal mining region was mainly controlled by weathering of rock-forming minerals, sulphide oxidation and ion exchange processes. Concentration of F−, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and TH exceeded the drinking water acceptable limits established by the Bureau of Indian Standards. Computed water quality index (WQI) values suggest that 36% groundwater and 21% surface water samples were of poor water quality and requires appropriate treatment prior to utilisation. Furthermore, high values of salinity, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley index (KI), per cent sodium (%Na) and magnesium hazard (MH) at some sites limit the applicability of water for irrigation uses and demands appropriate water management strategy for the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The El-Minia district is a location of interest for future urban development. Using hydrochemistry and electrical resistivity studies, this work aimed to evaluate the groundwater potentiality and it’s suitable for various uses. The groundwater potential in the study area was evaluated based on 24 VESs (vertical electrical soundings), and its quality was determined based on the analyses of 57 groundwater samples. EC (salinity index), Na% (salt hazard), SAR (ratio of sodium adsorption), chloride risks, SSP (soluble sodium percentage), MH (magnesium hazard), and other indicators were used to determine whether the collected water samples were suitable for irrigation. Four layers in the study area are mentioned in the geoelectrical cross-sections that have been constructed. The first is made up of silt and clay from the Nile River, while the second is made up of sandy clay, which has a resistivity range of 15 to 32 Ohm.m and a range thickness of 2 to 68 m. Dry limestone makes up the third layer; its resistivity ranges from 1222 to 3000 Ohm.m and its thickness varies between 75 and 95 m. The Eocene aquifer in the research area is represented by the final layer, which has a thickness of more than 250 m and resistivity values that range from 602 to 860 Ohm.m. Most groundwater samples that were collected are safe for drinking; however, none of them are fit for home usage because of their extreme hardness. According to the SAR and US diagram, RSC, KR, and PI, most groundwater samples from the Pleistocene and Eocene aquifers are fit for irrigation.