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The use of hydrogen produced from renewable energy enables the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions pursued in different international strategies. The use of power-purchase agreements (PPAs) to supply renewable electricity to hydrogen production plants is an approach that can improve the feasibility of projects. This paper presents a model applicable to hydrogen projects regarding the technical and economic perspective and applies it to the Spanish case, where pioneering projects are taking place via photovoltaic PPAs. The results show that PPAs are an enabling mechanism for sustaining green hydrogen projects. • Technical and economic feasibility assessment of green hydrogen projects. • An operational multi-state modeling of electrolyzers is proposed. • PPAs facilitate the decarbonization of hydrogen production facilities. • Sensitivity analysis to PPA prices, network tariffs exemption and public funding rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of green hydrogen from renewable energy by means of water electrolysis is a promising approach to support energy sector decarbonization. This paper presents a techno-economic model of plants with PV sources connected to electrolysis in self-consumption regime that considers the dynamics of electrolysis systems. The model calculates the optimal hourly dispatch of the electrolysis system including the operational states (production, standby, and idle), the load factor in production, and the energy imports and exports to the electricity grid. Results indicate that the model is a useful decision support tool to operate electrolysis plants connected to PV plants in self-consumption regimes with the target of reducing hydrogen production costs. • A techno-economic model of electrolysis plants with PV sources is formulated. • The model calculates the optimal hourly dispatch of the PV-electrolysis plant. • Forecast of solar PV production and market electricity prices are considered. • Environmental constraints are added to ensure solar PV is used to produce hydrogen. • A case study based on real data is used to test the model in a series of scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of hydrogen through water electrolysis is a promising pathway to decarbonize the energy sector. This paper presents a techno-economic model of electrolysis plants based on multiple states of operation: production, hot standby and idle. The model enables the calculation of the optimal hourly dispatch of electrolyzers to produce hydrogen for different end uses. This model has been tested with real data from an existing installation and compared with a simpler electrolyzer model that is based on two states. The results indicate that an operational strategy that considers the multi-state model leads to a decrease in final hydrogen production costs. These reduced costs will benefit businesses, especially while electrolysis plants grow in size to accommodate further increases in demand. • Multi-state model of electrolysis systems operating in dynamic conditions. • Mathematical formulation of the multi-state model. • Optimal hourly dispatch of grid connected electrolysis systems. • Testing of the model with a real case study against a two states model. • Sensitivity analysis for the case study including yearly results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of hydrogen as energy carrier is a promising option to decarbonize both energy and transport sectors. This paper presents an advanced techno-economic model for calculation of optimal dispatch of large-scale multi MW electrolysis plants in order to obtain a more accurate evaluation of the feasibility of business cases related to the supply of this fuel for different end uses combined with grid services' provision. The model is applied to the Spanish case using different scenarios to determine the minimum demand required from the FCEV market so that electrolysis facilities featuring several MW result in profitable business cases. The results show that grid services contribute to the profitability of hydrogen production for mobility, given a minimum but considerable demand from FCEV fleets. • Techno-economic modelling of multi MW electrolysis to provide grid services. • Optimal economic dispatch of electrolysis units providing grid services. • Presentation of current and future key performance indicators for AWE and PEMWE. • Application of the model to a case study in Spain to supply fleets of FCEVs. • Sensitivity analysis of case study with different technologies and market prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]