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Sulfide and persulfide are chemically different and one might expect persulfide to be more effective in mediating sulfur signaling because persulfide can directly modify protein cysteine residue. However, rapid scrambling, and interconversions occur among sulfur species. Then there is the question of whether the chemical reactivity differences between sulfide and persulfide would translate into pharmacological differences. Utilizing a delivery system to generate pure hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), hydrogen persulfide (H 2 S 2 ), and N-acetyl-l-cysteine persulfide (N-CysSSH), we examined the activities of sulfide and persulfide in vitro and in vivo. Persulfide prodrugs exhibited increased activities compared to the H 2 S prodrug. In particular, the H 2 S 2 prodrug offers much-elevated analgesic effects compared to the H 2 S prodrug in vivo. Persulfide prodrugs also possess a reduced level of toxicity compared to the H 2 S prodrug in vivo, indicating persulfide might represent a better therapeutic paradigm than H 2 S., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Endogenous gasotransmitters are small gaseous mediators that can be generated endogenously by mammalian organisms. The dysregulation of the gasotransmitter system is associated with numerous disorders ranging from inflammatory diseases to cancers. However, the relevance of these endogenous gasotransmitters, prodrug donors and inhibitors in inflammatory dermatological disorders has not yet been thoroughly reviewed and discussed., Aim of Review: This review discusses the recent progress and will provide perspectives on endogenous gasotransmitters in the context of inflammatory dermatological disorders., Key Scientific Concepts of Review: Endogenous gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are signaling molecules that regulate several physiological and pathological processes. In addition, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH 4 ), hydrogen gas (H 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) can also be generated endogenously and may take part in physiological and pathological processes. These signaling molecules regulate inflammation, vasodilation, and oxidative stress, offering therapeutic potential and attracting interest in the field of inflammatory dermatological disorders including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and chronic skin ulcers. The development of effective gas donors and inhibitors is a promising alternative to treat inflammatory dermatological disorders with controllable and precise delivery in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.)

Considering that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule involved in numerous biological processes, a method for monitoring H2S as a powerful tool for investigating its complicated functions and mechanisms is urgently demanded. Herein, a bioluminescent turn-on probe was reported based on caged strategy for the detection of H2S in vitro and in vivo. This probe will help us understand the intricate contribution of H2S to a variety of physiological and pathological processes.

Sulfide and persulfide are chemically different and one might expect persulfide to be more effective in mediating sulfur signaling because persulfide can directly modify protein cysteine residue. However, rapid scrambling, and interconversions occur among sulfur species. Then there is the question of whether the chemical reactivity differences between sulfide and persulfide would translate into pharmacological differences. Utilizing a delivery system to generate pure hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen persulfide (H2S2), and N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine persulfide (N‐CysSSH), we examined the activities of sulfide and persulfide in vitro and in vivo. Persulfide prodrugs exhibited increased activities compared to the H2S prodrug. In particular, the H2S2 prodrug offers much‐elevated analgesic effects compared to the H2S prodrug in vivo. Persulfide prodrugs also possess a reduced level of toxicity compared to the H2S prodrug in vivo, indicating persulfide might represent a better therapeutic paradigm than H2S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Endogenous gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and potential candidates sulfur dioxide (SO 2), methane (CH 4), hydrogen gas (H 2), ammonia (NH 3) and carbon dioxide (CO 2), are generated within the human body. • Endogenous and potential gasotransmitters regulate inflammation, vasodilation, and oxidation in inflammatory dermatological disorders. • Endogenous and potential gasotransmitters play potential roles in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and chronic skin ulcers. • Further research should explore the function of these gases and gas donors and inhibitors in inflammatory dermatological disorders. Endogenous gasotransmitters are small gaseous mediators that can be generated endogenously by mammalian organisms. The dysregulation of the gasotransmitter system is associated with numerous disorders ranging from inflammatory diseases to cancers. However, the relevance of these endogenous gasotransmitters, prodrug donors and inhibitors in inflammatory dermatological disorders has not yet been thoroughly reviewed and discussed. This review discusses the recent progress and will provide perspectives on endogenous gasotransmitters in the context of inflammatory dermatological disorders. Endogenous gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are signaling molecules that regulate several physiological and pathological processes. In addition, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), methane (CH 4), hydrogen gas (H 2), ammonia (NH 3), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) can also be generated endogenously and may take part in physiological and pathological processes. These signaling molecules regulate inflammation, vasodilation, and oxidative stress, offering therapeutic potential and attracting interest in the field of inflammatory dermatological disorders including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and chronic skin ulcers. The development of effective gas donors and inhibitors is a promising alternative to treat inflammatory dermatological disorders with controllable and precise delivery in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O 2 , CO 2 , CO, NO, H 2 S, and N 2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life, from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life's physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular functions. In this article, we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of molecules. The past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO's mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy administration. One remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels, except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. This review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications. The pleiotropic effect of carbon monoxide is reviewed and discussed in the context of maintaining the homeostasis of life's processes and its therapeutic potential. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen Persulfide Prodrug, Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrug, Sulfur Chemistry, Sulfur Species Keywords: Hydrogen Persulfide Prodrug; Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrug; Sulfur Chemistry; Sulfur Species EN Hydrogen Persulfide Prodrug Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrug Sulfur Chemistry Sulfur Species 1 1 1 05/05/22 20220509 NES 220509 B A series of sulfur species prodrugs b (reactive sulfur species in a capsule) that can release pure hydrogen sulfide (H SB 2 sb S) and hydrogen persulfide (H SB 2 sb S SB 2 sb ) was used by Bowen Ke et al. in their Communication (e202201668) to compare the pharmacological differences between sulfide and persulfide. Cover Picture: Prodrugs of Persulfide and Sulfide: Is There a Pharmacological Difference between the Two in the Context of Rapid Exchanges among Various Sulfur Species In Vivo?. [Extracted from the article]