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Background: Subjects with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) show an increased risk of endocrine tumors, especially pheochromocytoma, whereas thyroid C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are very rare events described only in adult patients. Method: A case of CCH diagnosed in a 14-year-old girl affected with NF1 is reported. Calcitonin serum level after pentagastin was elevated (286 pg/ml). Genetic testing was performed in order to rule out mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. Result: No germline mutation previously reported in MEN2 was detected. Multifocal and bilateral CCH was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: It is suggested that in such a genetic background of high risk for malignancy, CCH could be considered as an extremely rare condition likely preceding MTC.Copyright © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 41 year old female patient with a diagnosis of multinodular hyperplasia of the thyroid gland associated with a history of thyroiditis who was referred to physicians for a total thyroidectomy. A diagnosis of an iatrogenic lesion of the larynx which was given to the patient during the thyroidectomy is presented.