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1. Cardiovascular risk assessment in primary care employees

Author

Cordero-Franco HF, Soto-Rivera DE, Salinas-Martínez AM, and Álvarez-Ortiz JG

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Humans, Male, Primary Health Care, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Hypertension diagnosis, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Despite the importance and availability of cardiovascular risk stratification (CVR) systems, few Latin American studies use them in health care workers., Objective: To evaluate the CVR stratification based on type, number of risk factors and current blood pressure category in primary care employees., Material and Methods: Cross-sectional design study (n = 308). Through an interview, CVR, labor, contractual and sociodemographic profiles were collected. Weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol were also measured. The CVR prevalence and prevalence ratio were estimated according to labor, contractual and sociodemographic characteristics. Difference in proportions tests were applied., Results: Obesity and central obesity were present in 32.4% and 58.5% of participants, respectively. Blood pressure was high normal in 11.8% and grade 1 hypertension was in 7.2%. Nineteen percent had low, moderate or high CVR; and 53.9% registered ≥ 3 risk factors. The highest PR corresponded to have ≥ 7 years of service, followed by age ≥ 38 years, permanent hiring status, male sex and married status., Conclusions: The stratification system was practical and feasible. Planning preventive and corrective actions is of great importance for lowering cardiovascular events and lost productive years., (Copyright: © 2020 Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.)

Published
2020
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2. [Cost of care of arterial hypertension and its impact on the budget assigned to health in Mexico].

Author

Villarreal-Ríos E, Mathew-Quiroz A, Garza-Elizondo ME, Núñez-Rocha G, Salinas-Martínez AM, and Gallegos-Handal M

Subjects
Cost of Illness, Female, Humans, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Budgets, Health Care Costs, Hypertension economics
Abstract

Objective: To assess the medical care costs of hypertension and their impact on the health care expenditures and on Mexico's Gross National Product (GNP)., Material and Methods: An ecological study was conducted from June to November 1999, at Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security, IMSS), in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A random sample of medical charts of patients with hypertension was selected, to extract data on utilization of health services and unitary costs per care episode. The cost per care episode and per hypertensive patient was calculated by adjusting the unitary cost as a function of standard and extreme utilization of IMSS health services. The resulting figure was then projected to the total population of hypertensive patients and compared to the annual health care expenditures of Mexico., Results: The annual cost per patient with hypertension was $1,067 in the standard scenario and $3,913 in the extreme scenario. The annual expenditures from hypertension corresponded to 13.95% of the budget allocated to health care and to 0.71%, of Mexico's GNP. These figures changed to 51.17% and 2.61% in the extreme scenario, respectively., Conclusions: The costs of hypertension medical care account for a good portion of healthcare resources. This problem should be analyzed by multidisciplinary health teams in search of more efficient medical care alternatives.

Published
2002

3. Prácticas preventivas de los habitantes mayores de 25 años en Monterrey y su zona metropolitana (México)

Author

Garza-Elizondo, ME, Villarreal-Ríos, E, Salinas-Martínez, AM, and Núñez-Rocha, GM

Subjects
Prevención, Diabetes mellitus, Neoplasmas de la mama, Prevention, Inmunización, Hipertensión, Hypertension, Cervix neoplasms, Immunization, Breast neoplasms, Neoplasmas del cuello uterino
Abstract

Fundamento: Los padecimientos crónicos y degenerativos son las primeras causas de morbi-mortalidad en México, por lo que el Sector Salud ha implementado acciones de prevención y detección oportuna. El uso de los servicios de salud es una conducta dinámica de la población. Para que la gente utilice estas acciones de prevención es necesario que se reduzcan barreras de acceso. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la utilización de los servicios de detección de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, cáncer cérvicouterino y mamario y aplicación del toxoide tetánico diftérico. Métodos: El tamaño de la muestra fue de 254 personas de 25 años y más, que habitaban en Monterrey y su zona metropolitana. En el uso de acciones preventivas se consideró a las personas que las habían usado el año anterior. El análisis consistió en estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado. Resultados: Más del 60% de la población correspondió al sexo femenino, la edad promedio fue de 42,3 años±14 años y tres cuartas partes de la población contó con seguridad social. Un 37% mencionó haberse realizado la detección de diabetes y un 44,5% de hipertensión, mientras que le aplicaron el toxoide tetánico diftérico a un 31,1%. En las detecciones propias de la mujer, a un 34,3% de la población femenina le practicaron la correspondiente a cáncer cérvicouterino en tanto que a un 29,5%, la de cáncer mamario. No hubo relación entre uso de acciones con antecedentes familiares y percepción de importancia de la detección. Conclusiones: El uso de las acciones preventivas está por debajo de algunos estándares internacionales. Es necesaria la búsqueda de personas expuestas al riesgo para detectar oportunamente cualquier padecimiento crónico. Background: Chronic and degenerative disorders are the leading causes of morbidity-mortality in Mexico, as a result of which the Health Sector has implemented preventive and suitable detection measures. The use of the health services is a dynamic behavior on the part of the population. In order for people to use these preventive measures, the barriers to accessing these services must be lessened. Hence, the objective of this study was that of ascertaining the use of the services for the detection of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, cervical-uterine and breast cancer and tetanus and diphtheria toxoide vaccinations. Methods: The sample size was that of 254 individuals age 25 and over living in Monterrey or in the greater Monterrey metropolitan area. Those having employed preventive measures during the year immediately prior to the study were taken into account with regard to the use of preventive measures. The analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. Results: Over 60% of the population was female, the average age being 42,3 + 14 years of age, three fourths of the population being on the social security rolls. A total 37% mentioned having undergone the diabetes test, and 44,5 the test for high blood pressure, while 31,1% had been vaccinated with the tetanus and diphtheria toxoide. Regarding specifically female checkups, 34,3% of all females had undergone the corresponding cervical-uterine cancer test, 29,5% having been screened for breast cancer. No relationship was found to exist between the use of measures and family histories and the perception of the importance of the checks. Conclusions: The use of preventive measures fall below some international standards. Individuals exposed to the risk must be sought in order to fittingly detect any chronic disorder.

Published
2004

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