1. Environments affect blood pressure in toddlers: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.
- Author
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Kanamori K, Suzuki T, Tatsuta N, and Ota C
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Child, Preschool, Blood Pressure physiology, Cohort Studies, Japan epidemiology, Obesity, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertension etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: The primary objective of this study was to examine risk factors for toddler's hypertension., Methods: Subjects of this study were children and parents participating in a national birth cohort study in Japan, the Japan Environment and Children's Study. We measured the children's blood pressure (BP) at 2 and 4 years old. We obtained children's and parents' backgrounds from the questionnaire. We investigated the factors that affect BP elevation., Results: Within 4988 participants, the mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Parental smoking was associated with elevated values of BP at 2 and 4 years old. Obesity, gestational hypertension, and parental lower education were associated with elevated values of BP at 4 years old. Hypertensive group had a significantly higher obesity rate. The mother's lower education and parental smoking were involved in hypertensive groups., Conclusion: Parental smoking had a significant effect on BP even in early toddlers. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy to prevent future lifestyle-related illnesses including hypertension., Impact: The mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Obesity, parental smoking, and lower education were associated with hypertension at 4 years old. Parental smoking was associated with hypertension at 2 and 4 years old. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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