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Objective: To evaluate the relationship between G894T (Glu298Asp) polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and essential hypertension in Chinese population from different regions., Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) of G894T genotype and allele distributions in essential hypertension patients against healthy controls were analyzed. All the relevant studies were screened with poor-qualified studies eliminated. Meta-analysis software MIX (Meta-analysis with interactive explanations-version 1.71), was applied for investigating and analyzing heterogeneity among individual studies and summarizing the effects across studies, and the risk of publication bias was evaluated., Results: A total of 1900 cases and 1216 controls from 10 studies were included. The heterogeneity between studies was significant (P = 0.013; P = 0.011) and there were substantial sources of publication bias (P = 0.049; P = 0.038). The pooled OR (with 95%CI) of GT + TT vs. GG genotype was 1.79 (1.33 - 2.42) (Z = 3.83, P < 0.001), and the pooled OR (with 95%CI) of T vs. G allele was 1.73 (1.32 - 2.27) (Z = 3.92, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: In Chinese population, mainly the Hans ethnic group, 894G-->T mutation in the eNOS appeared to be related to essential hypertension.

Objective: To assess the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension and its attributing factors in Heilongjiang province and establish a comprehensive basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in this region., Methods: Using the stratified chunk method, a survey lasting 50 years was conducted on a sample of 299 677 (including 158 782 males and 140 895 females) patients, aged 15 and above, residing in both rural and urban areas of Heilongjiang province from 1958 to 2007. Both blood pressure measurement and analysis on attributing factors of hypertension were carried out in 1958, 1979, 1991, 1999 and 2007., Results: The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in Heilongjiang than in other provinces. It elevated annually, reaching a 3-fold increase in 50 years with an accelerating pace (17.06% to 25.69%) in the recent 8 years. Among the people examined, the prevalence of hypertension increased with aging. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension varied among different professions. Office workers had the highest prevalence (41.67%). Compared with; female population, male participants had a much higher prevalence before the age of 55 (P<0.0001). Body mass index, gender, hypertriglyceridemia, age, low-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and family history were identified as major risk factors for the development of hypertension in Heilongjiang province. However, the awareness (48.90%), treatment (25.33%) and control (4.32%) rates of hypertension in this region were relatively low., Conclusion: The results of the present study identified Heilongjiang province as a high-risk region for hypertension. It also suggests the necessity to plan and implement actions for the effective prevention and treatment of hypertension in this region.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control, and risk factors of hypertension among the residents in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province., Methods: 5523 residents, 2325 males and 3198 females, aged 15 and over, underwent questionnaire survey to understand their general conditions, history of present disease, awareness of disease, treatment, working condition, etc, and measurement of blood pressure (BP), height, body mass, and serum glucose and triglyceride., Results: The no-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 31.30% in general (1674/5348), 38.52% in the males (829/2152), and 26.44% in the females (845/3196). The corresponding standardized prevalence rates of hypertension were 24.91%, 37.72%, and 20.75% respectively. The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 57.41%, 32.74%, and 5.85% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that employment condition, family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, body mass index, level of triglyceride and serum glucose were risk factors of hypertension., Conclusion: Hypertension is highly prevalent is highly prevalent and the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension are still rather low in Harbin.

Objective: To access the prevalence of prehypertensive stage and its associated risk factors in rural inhabitants from Lanxi county in Heilongjiang province., Methods: Through cluster multistage and random sampling methods, local people aged > or = 15 years old in Lanxi county were selected. A survey on blood pressure and associated risk factors was carried out. Overnight fasting blood specimen of people aged > or = 35 years old was collected. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analyses were then performed., Results: 5272 residents were surveyed including 2539 male and 2733 female subjects. The overall prevalence of prehypertension was 36.34%. The prevalence of prehypertension appeared to be higher in males (39.50%) than in females (33.41%) (chi2 = 58.9887, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in men > or = 25 years old (chi2 = 96.0698, P < 0.0001), and in women > or = 35 years old (chi2 = 11.5784, P = 0.0208). Data from multivariable logistic regression showed that being male, aged (> or = 55 years old), with waist circumference as > or = 85 cm for men and > or = 80 cm for women, BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose > or = 7.0 mmol/L were risk factors of prehypertension while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 0.9 mmol/L was shown as a protective factor (OR = 0.740, P = 0.0036). Dose-response relationships were seen between prehypertension and age, BMI and FPG., Conclusion: Prehypertension was popular in the rural area, with high prevalence seen in teenagers. Programs on prehypertension prevention should start from teenagers. Risk factors of prehypertension increased when people became age 55 or older. There was a need to monitor BP more often and to control BP through non-drug methods.

Objective: To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of C-344T in the promoter region and K173R in the exon 3 of aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) and the incidence of essential hypertension in a northern Chinese Han population., Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 182 hypertensive patients and 189 healthy controls in Harbin newspaper office and assayed the genotypes of C-344T and K173R using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing technology., Results: The distributions of C-344T and K173R genotype frequencies in men and women were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The differences of C-344T allele and genotype as well as K173R allele frequency distributions between hypertensive patients and healthy controls were not statistically significant in men and women and pooled population (P > or = 0.05). The difference of K173R genotype frequency distribution reached borderline significance (P = 0.0500) and was more pronounced in women (P = 0.0038) according to the dominant mode of inheritance. Moreover, the magnitude of this mode of inheritance was more remarkable after the confounding factors were adjusted. K173R statistically correlated with the systolic hypertension in women., Conclusion: The CYP11B2 K173R polymorphism correlates with the susceptibility of essential hypertension in the northern Chinese Han population.