1. Antithrombin reduces endotoxin-induced hypotension by enhancing pulmonary sensory neuron activation in rats.
- Author
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Harada N, Okajima K, Isobe H, and Uchiba M
- Subjects
- Animals, Arachidonic Acids pharmacology, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide metabolism, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide pharmacology, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists, Capsaicin analogs & derivatives, Capsaicin pharmacology, Carbazoles pharmacology, Cells, Cultured, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases metabolism, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Endocannabinoids, Endotoxins administration & dosage, Ganglia, Spinal cytology, Ganglia, Spinal metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Hypotension blood, Hypotension enzymology, Hypotension physiopathology, Indoles pharmacology, Indomethacin pharmacology, Lung drug effects, Lung enzymology, Male, Neurons, Afferent metabolism, Nitrates blood, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II genetics, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II metabolism, Nitrites blood, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide metabolism, TRPV Cation Channels antagonists & inhibitors, TRPV Cation Channels metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Antithrombins pharmacology, Blood Pressure drug effects, Ganglia, Spinal drug effects, Hypotension prevention & control, Lung innervation, Neurons, Afferent drug effects
- Abstract
We recently demonstrated that activation of the pulmonary sensory neurons plays a critical role in prevention of endotoxin-induced shock by releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rats. CGRP increased the endothelial production of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) in the lungs, thereby preventing endotoxin-induced shock response by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. Since antithrombin (AT) enhances sensory neuron activation, we hypothesized that AT might reduce endotoxin-induced hypotension by enhancing the activation of pulmonary sensory neurons in rats. We examined this possibility using a rat model of endotoxin shock. AT-induced effects including reduction of hypotension (n = 5) and inhibition of induction of iNOS (n = 4 or 5) and TNF- alpha (n = 5) in the lungs of endotoxin-treated animals were completely reversed by pretreatment with capsazepine (CPZ) (n = 4 or 5), a vanilloid receptor antagonist, or CGRP(8-37), a CGRP receptor antagonist (n = 4 or 5). AT enhanced endotoxin-induced increases in lung tissue levels of CGRP (n = 4), but this effect of AT was not seen in animals pretreated with CPZ (n = 4). CGRP produced therapeutic effects (n = 5) similar to those induced by AT, and such therapeutic effects were completely abrogated by pretreatment with indomethacin (n = 4). AT increased CGRP release from cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons only in the presence of anandamide (n = 5), and AT-induced increase in CGRP release was not observed in the presence KT5720, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (n = 5). AT markedly increased intracellular levels of cAMP in the presence of anandamide (n = 5). These results strongly suggested that AT might reduce endotoxin-induced hypotension in rats by enhancing activation of sensory neurons via activation of protein kinase A.
- Published
- 2006
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