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Microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial aquatic ecosystems has received increasing attention. However, its footprints in reservoirs are poorly documented compared to those in rivers and lakes, especially for small-sized microplastics (300 μm, SMPs). This study investigated the whole size spectrum of MPs contamination, classified by shape and polymer type, in surface waters and sediments at the Jiayan reservoir, one of the cascade reservoirs in the Upper Yangtze River in western China. High concentrations of MPs were detected in all surface water and sediment samples. The MPs abundances ranged from 1.10 × 10