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(1) Background: This paper aims to assess temporal trends (2016–2020) in incidence, patient’s characteristics, complications, length of hospital stay (LOHS) and in-hospital mortality (IHM) among patients with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) undergoing lung transplantation (LTx). We also analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on LTx in these populations. (2) Methods: A retrospective, population-based observational study was conducted using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Multivariable adjustment was conducted with logistic regression to analyse the IHM. (3) Results: We identified 1777 admissions for LTx during the study period, of which 573 (32.2%) were performed in patients with IPF. The number of hospital admissions for LTx rose from 2016 to 2020, both in patients with and without IPF, but a marked reduction was observed from year 2019 to year 2020. Over time, the proportion of single LTx decreased and bilateral LTx increased significantly in both groups. The incidence of LTx complications increased significantly over time along with the increase in the incidence of IPF. No significant differences in the incidence of complications or in the IHM between patients with and without IPF were found. Suffering any complication of the LTx and pulmonary hypertension were conditions positively associated with IHM in patients with and without IPF. The IHM remained stable from 2016 to 2020 in both study populations and was not affected by the COVID pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Patients with IPF account for almost a third of all lung transplants. The number of LTx increased over time in patients with and without IPF, but a marked reduction was observed from 2019 to 2020. Although the proportion of LTx complications increased significantly over time in both groups, the IHM did not change. IPF was not associated with increased complications or IHM after LTx.

(1) Background: To assess sex differences in the incidence, characteristics, procedures and outcomes of patients admitted with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and to analyze variables associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM). (2) Methods: We analyzed data collected by the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, 2016–2019. (3) Results: We identified 13,278 hospital discharges (66.4% men) of IPF (primary diagnosis 32.33%, secondary diagnosis: 67.67%). Regardless of the diagnosis position, IPF incidence was higher among men than women, increasing with age. Men had 2.74 times higher IPF incidence than women. Comorbidity was higher for men in either primary or secondary diagnosis. After matching, men had higher prevalence of pulmonary embolism and pneumonia, and women of congestive heart failure, dementia, rheumatoid disease and pulmonary hypertension. Invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy and lung transplantation were received more often by men than women. IHM was higher among men with IPF as primary diagnosis than among women and increased with age in both sexes and among those who suffered cancer, pneumonia or required mechanical ventilation. (4) Conclusions: Incidence of IPF was higher among men than women, as well as comorbidity and use of bronchoscopy, ventilation and lung transplantation. IHM was worse among men than women with IPF as primary diagnosis, increasing with age, cancer, pneumonia or mechanical ventilation use.

Introduction: REFIPIMAD registry was created to known the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients (IPF) in the community of Madrid (Spain). Aim: To describe the clinical, safety and tolerability characteristics of IPF patients included in REFIPIMAD registry and treated with Nintedanib in real life. Results: 44 patients are described, mean age 66 ±7.9 years (range 79-44), 35 (79%) were men, 30 (68%) were smokers or ex-smokers with an average of 32 paq/year. Comorbidity: Previous AMI in 4 patients, 6 diabetes mellitus, 3 peptic ulcer and 1 peripheral arteriopathy. The HRCT radiological pattern was UIP in 28 (64%), possible UIP in 14 (32%) and 9 (20%) had associated emphysema. Surgical lung biopsy was performed in 14 patients. Pulmonary function tests at the beginning of the treatment were (mean ± SD [range]) FVC 83% ± 18 (55%-122%) of the predicted value, DLCO 59% ± 17 (34%-103%) of the predicted value, six-minute walk distance 479 ± 98 (98-479) metres, initial SpO2 94 ± 1.7, final SpO2 87 ± 4.4. The average treatment time was 10.3 ± 11.3 months (range 44.93-0.43); 20 patients (50%) suffer some side effects: diarrhea 15 (36%) , weight loss 9 (21%), other gastro-intestinal alterations 15 (12%), liver disorders 5 (12%), hiporexia 6 (14%) and other effects 3 (4%). The treatment was definitively withdrawn in 4 patients (16%) who switched to pirfenidone and other 3 with pirfenidone switched to Nintedanib. Pulmonary function test follow-up are available in 16 patients who showed stability. Conclusion: Preliminary data of Nintedanib treatment in real life show a good safety profile and data consistent with those published in clinical trials.