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Scholarly interest has increasingly focused on the predicament of second-generation counter-diasporic return migration to an ancestral homeland. The present paper portrays two generations of Pakistani middle class women migrants: two mothers, who arrived in Manchester in the 1970s, and their daughters, who both returned to live in Pakistan, one at the age of 11 and the other in her twenties, to marry. The latter in particular experienced Pakistan as culturally alien and unhomely. In Britain one mother has become extremely pious after 9/11. The paper looks at the moral careers of mothers and daughters, starting from the fact that migration initiates an irreversible process in which everyday, taken-for-granted intimacies and socialities of home and identity are subverted. Refuting simplistic theories of a continuous 'transnational field', it argues that migrants experience 'double consciousness', an awareness of competing rules, expectations and a doubling up of a subject's sense of belonging and alienation, which no return home can reverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on an exploratory study conducted in Manchester, the paper examines several different ways in which not only territorial but also primordial cultural borders are being crossed, neutralised, dissolved and rendered irrelevant by the overseas experiences encountered by young, postgraduate EU migrants. At times, this occurs because national cultures are transplanted and constructed anew by expatriate groups within host societies. However, in other situations, especially where migrants remain for longer periods, borders are called into question by the formation of multinational interpersonal relationships requiring intercultural negotiation. These engender multiple affiliations and call into question national identities and a sense of belonging while requiring explorations into unchartered post-national social areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the 19th century Jewish immigrant quarters of Manchester and Leeds. It uses original census data to look at the entire population of the two areas of initial settlement. Analysis of family and kin structure, occupations of head of household, country of origin and length of time in the country as well as analysis of the settlement patterns at the street level are combined to examine the phenomenon of immigrant clustering. It is concluded that the complex social and economic processes involved in the establishment of a new migrant community in its host society result in spatial clustering and that spatial clustering in close proximity to sources of income is critical in enabling future integration of the immigrant group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project looks for evidence that the Italian people have made a valuable contribution to the city of Manchester, UK. It examines the following areas: the Roman settlement of Manchester; the first wave of immigration in the late 1700s of professional and highly skilled Italians, predominantly from northern Italy; the second wave of immigrants after Italian unification in 1861, mainly from the 'contadini' or farming classes of Italy; the Italian pioneers of the ice cream industry in Manchester; prominent Italian figures in the city's musical culture; notable names of the highly skilled terrazzo and mosaic workers, carvers, and sculptors who worked in the city; the Italian community's devotion to religion; influence on football; service to the armed forces; and creation of businesses from post-war to modern day. By providing concise evidence of Italian activity in these areas, the conclusion is reached that Italian immigrants have made a significant positive contribution to the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses variationist methods in an L2 context to investigate ING variation in the English speech of UK-based Polish migrants. The results suggest that such variation is as consistent in an L2 context as it is in an L1 context, with several of the expected L1 factors emerging as statistically significant constraints. However, two social factors emerge as particularly worthy of further discussion: the reversal of the typical gender pattern (in this case women are more likely to use the alveolar variant than men), and the question of whether the speaker intends to return to Poland in the future. Gender is discussed from the perspective of contexts of language use (occupation), and future plans is discussed in terms of its role in the construction of identity. There is a strong indication that the intention to return to Poland encourages the use of an ING variant, [ɪŋk], that signals this allegiance to the L1 identity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]