1. Modifying CAR-T cells with anti-checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: A focus on anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
- Author
-
Najafi, Sajad and Mortezaee, Keywan
- Subjects
- *
PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors , *IMMUNE checkpoint proteins , *PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1 , *IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *CANCER cells - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) are genetically engineered cells to express tumor-specific antigens revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a challenge for CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors. As a solution, combinational therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is shown to improve the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. To avoid side effects related to the application of ICIs in combinational therapy, engineering CARs to express tumor-specific antigens may help improvement of clinical outcomes. Those CARs expressing single chain variable fragments (scFvs) or nanobodies against immune checkpoint stimulatory or inhibitory molecules, such as the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling axis are being extensively studied in various clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the significance of anti-PD-(L)1 scFv-expressing CAR-T cells in the treatment of human cancers, describing current challenges and potential strategies to overcome such predicaments in the area of cancer immunotherapy. [Display omitted] • CAR-T can be a strategy for revolutionizing ICI efficacy. • Anti-PD-(L)1-expressing CAR-T shows equal or better efficacy vs. separate combinational therapy. • Anti-PD-(L)1-expressing CAR-T minimizes toxicities related to systemic ICI application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF