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Background: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory hyper-proliferative disease of the skin, scalp, nails, and joints. It has been hypothesized that prolactin (PRL) may modulate the skin immune system and be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Psoriasis exerts significant, negative impact on patients' quality of life. Relatively high rates of depression are reported in patients with psoriasis. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study the possible role of PRL in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its correlation with the disease activity, clinically, molecular and emotional status of patients. Subjects and methods: A total of 41 samples were analyzed - 21 new patients with psoriasis vulgaris before treatment and 20 after therapy - were included in this study. In all patients, we determined skin disease activity according to the PASI index, the psychological impact measured with HAMA and HAMD scales and the quality of their life measured by DLQI. The concentration of prolactin in the serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the concentration of soluble receptor of IL-2 was measured with automated immune chemiluminescent system - IMMULITE procedure. Results: The PRL and sIL2R serum levels were significantly decreased after three months of therapy, at least 50% with a p value <0.00001. Clinical, hormonal, molecular correlations between before and after therapy were measured with a statistically significant result. Correlations between HAMA-PRL and DLQI-PRL before therapy were not statistically significant, only the relationship between HAMD and PRL was demonstrated. After treatment, we obtained a significant clinical, psychological and paraclinical (especially serum levels of prolactin and sIL2R) decreased and relevant response on all the patients treated and analyzed. Conclusion: Prolactin seems to have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and may represent a cause and/or a consequence of psoriasis pathology. The most likely scenario is that PRL enhances interferon-induced chemokine production in keratinocytes, thereby facilitating cutaneous T-cell infiltration. This raises the intriguing light that PRL may offer a novel future therapeutic target in psoriasis and other skin diseases that worsen in response to psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]