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Start Over Author "Cecilia Jay" Topic immunity
2 results on '"Cecilia Jay"'

1. Age- and sex-specific differences in immune responses to BNT162b2 COVID-19 and live-attenuated influenza vaccines in UK adolescents

Author

Cecilia Jay, Emily Adland, Anna Csala, Nicholas Lim, Stephanie Longet, Ane Ogbe, Jeremy Ratcliff, Oliver Sampson, Craig P. Thompson, Lance Turtle, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Paul Klenerman, Miles Carroll, and Philip Goulder

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, COVID-19, adolescents, immunity, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionThe key to understanding the COVID-19 correlates of protection is assessing vaccine-induced immunity in different demographic groups. Young people are at a lower risk of COVID-19 mortality, females are at a lower risk than males, and females often generate stronger immune responses to vaccination.MethodsWe studied immune responses to two doses of BNT162b2 Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in an adolescent cohort (n = 34, ages 12–16), an age group previously shown to elicit significantly greater immune responses to the same vaccine than young adults. Adolescents were studied with the aim of comparing their response to BNT162b2 to that of adults; and to assess the impacts of other factors such as sex, ongoing SARS–CoV–2 infection in schools, and prior exposure to endemic coronaviruses that circulate at high levels in young people. At the same time, we were able to evaluate immune responses to the co-administered live attenuated influenza vaccine. Blood samples from 34 adolescents taken before and after vaccination with COVID-19 and influenza vaccines were assayed for SARS–CoV–2-specific IgG and neutralising antibodies and cellular immunity specific for SARS–CoV–2 and endemic betacoronaviruses. The IgG targeting influenza lineages contained in the influenza vaccine were also assessed.ResultsRobust neutralising responses were identified in previously infected adolescents after one dose, and two doses were required in infection-naïve adolescents. As previously demonstrated, total IgG responses to SARS–CoV-2 Spike were significantly higher among vaccinated adolescents than among adults (aged 32–52) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine (comparing infection-naïve, 49,696 vs. 33,339; p = 0.03; comparing SARS-CoV–2 previously infected, 743,691 vs. 269,985; p

Published
2023
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2. Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-Cov-2 infection

Author

Adriana Tomic, Donal T. Skelly, Ane Ogbe, Daniel O'Connor, Matthew Pace, Emily Adland, Frances Alexander, Mohammad Ali, Kirk Allott, M. Azim Ansari, null Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sagida Bibi, Luke Blackwell, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Breeze Cavell, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Thushan I de Silva, David Eyre, null Amy Flaxman, James Grist, Carl-Philipp Hackstein, null Rachel Halkerston, Adam C. Harding, Jennifer Hill, Tim James, null Cecilia Jay, Síle A. Johnson, Barbara Kronsteiner, Yolanda Lie, Aline Linder, Stephanie Longet, Spyridoula Marinou, Philippa C. Matthews, Jack Mellors, Christos Petropoulos, Patpong Rongkard, null Cynthia Sedik, Laura Silva-Reyes, Holly Smith, null Lisa Stockdale, Stephen Taylor, Stephen Thomas, Timothy Tipoe, Lance Turtle, Vinicius Adriano Vieira, null Terri Wrin, OPTIC Clinical Group, PITCH Study Group, C-MORE Group, Andrew J. Pollard, Teresa Lambe, null Christopher P. Conlon, Katie Jeffery, Simon Travis, Philip J. Goulder, John Frater, Alexander J. Mentzer, Lizzie Stafford, Miles W. Carroll, William S. James, Paul Klenerman, Eleanor Barnes, Christina Dold, and Susanna J. Dunachie

Subjects
biology, business.industry, ELISPOT, T cell, Antiviral antibody, Acquired immune system, Vaccination, Immune system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunity, Immunology, biology.protein, medicine, Antibody, business
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is normally controlled by effective host immunity including innate, humoral and cellular responses. However, the trajectories and correlates of acquired immunity, and the capacity of memory responses months after infection to neutralise variants of concern - which has important public health implications - is not fully understood. To address this, we studied a cohort of 78 UK healthcare workers who presented in April to June 2020 with symptomatic PCR-confirmed infection or who tested positive during an asymptomatic screening programme and tracked virus-specific B and T cell responses longitudinally at 5-6 time points each over 6 months, prior to vaccination. We observed a highly variable range of responses, some of which - T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISpot, N-specific antibody waned over time across the cohort, while others (spike-specific antibody, B cell memory ELISpot) were stable. In such cohorts, antiviral antibody has been linked to protection against re-infection. We used integrative analysis and a machine-learning approach (SIMON - Sequential Iterative Modeling Over Night) to explore this heterogeneity and to identify predictors of sustained immune responses. Hierarchical clustering defined a group of high and low antibody responders, which showed stability over time regardless of clinical presentation. These antibody responses correlated with IFN-γ ELISpot measures of T cell immunity and represent a subgroup of patients with a robust trajectory for longer term immunity. Importantly, this immune-phenotype associates with higher levels of neutralising antibodies not only against the infecting (Victoria) strain but also against variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta). Overall memory responses to SARS-CoV-2 show distinct trajectories following early priming, that may define subsequent protection against infection and severe disease from novel variants.* These authors contributed equally.# These authors jointly supervised this work and contributed equally.Corresponding authors: Eleanor Barnes, email: ellie.barnes@ndm.ox.ac.ukand Adriana Tomic, email: 19info@adrianatomic.com

Published
2021

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