Search

Immunotherapy shows great promise in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the low response rate of HCC patients to immunotherapy caused by inadequately immunogenic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a huge challenge. Herein, a donut‐like multifunctional polysaccharide nanoplatform (GH‐PID) is constructed from doxorubicin/aldehyde hyaluronan nanoring, indocyanine green/hydroxyethyl chitosan nanocomplex, and HCC‐bitargeted galactosamine‐hyaluronan conjugate via a facile self‐assembly process. The GH‐PID nanodonuts exhibit excellent HCC‐targeted ability and synergetic photochemotherapy effect with a coefficient index of about 0.44. Moreover, near infrared laser‐irradiated GH‐PID nanodonuts show robust therapeutic efficacy in HCC mouse models by virtue of photochemotherapy‐augmented immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect. The remarkable ICD in combination with programmed death‐1 antibody efficiently eradicates primary tumors and inhibits distant tumor growth and lung metastasis of HCC by maturing dendritic cells, increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration, suppressing the expansion and trafficking of immunosuppressive myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and ameliorating immunosuppressive TME. This study provides a facile and versatile strategy to construct polysaccharide nanodonuts integrating multifunctionality and highly efficient HCC‐targeted ability, and the nanodonuts‐based ICD inducer holds great promise for potentiating systemic antitumor immunity and programmed death‐1/programmed death‐ligand 1 blockade efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A pioneering "grafting from" drug coordination polymerization strategy was proposed. • A fully-coordinated and full-active Cu 2 O/drug core/shell nanoplatform was prepared. • Obtained nanoplatform-mediated ROS storm could induce immunogenic cell death. • Nanoplatform/αPD-1 combination could induce robust systemic antitumor immunity. Precise manipulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) breakthrough threshold exhibits great potential in destroying solid tumors, reprogramming "immune-cold" tumor and potentiating immunotherapy. However, it is still challenging to develop efficient ROS initiation devices. Herein, we propose a pioneering "grafting from" drug coordination polymerization strategy and develop a fully-coordinated and full-active Cu 2 O/drug core/shell nanoparticles for multimodal cancer therapy. Chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP) and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were loaded onto the surface of hydrazided hyaluronic acid-decorated Cu 2 O (HA-Cu 2 O) nanoparticles through an infinite hydrazide-cisplatin-sulfonic acid coordination mechanism, obtaining CDDP/ICG-coloaded HA-Cu 2 O (HCCI) nanoplatform. The HCCI nanoplatform exhibited a rapid acid-responsive dissociation behavior and released ICG, Cu+ and CDDP to achieve efficient triple combined photodynamic therapy/chemodynamic therapy/chemotherapy. Importantly, such a combination induced efficient immunogenic cell death cascade mediated by powerful ROS storm to reprogram "immune-cold" tumors and potentiate immunotherapy. The combination of HCCI nanoplatform and αPD-1 not only eradicated primary tumors but effectively inhibited distal tumor growth, lung metastasis and tumor recurrence through reprogramming tumor microenvironment and activating CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity. Collectively, we have presented a drug coordination polymerization loading strategy to develop a robust multimodal antitumor nanoplatform, and this study provides a new direction for the design of nanodrug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CIC-Gal nanomissiles were constructed by dual-coordination-driven self-assembly. • CIC-Gal nanomissiles showed prominent size/charge dual-transformability function. • CIC-Gal nanomissiles achieved synergistic chemotherapy/PDT/PTT in HCC. • CIC-Gal nanomissiles could induce ICD and promote CD8+ T cell infiltration into HCC. • CIC-Gal/αPD-1 combination activated robust systemic antitumor immunity in HCC. PD-1 blockade therapy holds great potential for curing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is severely restrained by inefficient CD8+ T cells and abundant immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumors. Moreover, the solid feature of HCC limits drugs' penetration depth. Herein, cisplatin/indocyanine green (ICG)-coloaded polysaccharide-based nanomissiles (CIC-Gal) with galactose-mediated tumor targeting ability and tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive size/charge dual-transformability are constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly. The nanoparticles can efficiently accumulate in tumors and exert antitumor effects on HCC via combinational chemotherapy/phototherapy. Importantly, CIC-Gal nanoparticles may protect cisplatin from glutathione-mediated detoxification by depleting glutathione. Photodynamic therapy rather than photothermal therapy plays a predominant role in ICG-mediated phototherapy. Furthermore, CIC-Gal nanoparticles can induce prominent immunogenic cell death (ICD), promote dendritic cells maturation, and activate robust systemic antitumor immunity in combination with αPD-1, which efficiently eradicates primary tumors, inhibits distant tumor growth and lung metastasis, and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice by promoting CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors, suppressing the expansion and trafficking of MDSCs, and reshaping immunostimulatory TME. Collectively, this study provides a drug-based coordination-driven polysaccharide nanomissile construction approach, and the CIC-Gal nanoparticles display a strong immunomicroenvironment-reeducating ability for potentiating HCC immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nanozyme-assisted PDT nanoplatform was prepared by an innovative dual coordination. • Obtained nanoplatform showed tri-enzyme activity to potentiate ROS generation efficacy. • Obtained nanoplatform-mediated ROS storm could induce immunogenic cell death. • Nanoplatform/αPD-1 combination could induce robust systemic antitumor immunity. Induction of immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy. However, it is still a huge challenge to develop efficient ICD-inducing nanomedicine. Herein, a copper nanozyme-assisted photodynamic therapy (PDT) nanoplatform nHACI was developed to achieve efficient ICD induction and robust systemic antitumor immune response through amplifying intracellular oxidative stress. The nHACI was fabricated from hydrazided hyaluronan and Cu2+ through an innovative hydrazide-copper coordination and in situ mineralization process, followed by loading of photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) via ICG-copper coordination. The nHACI exhibited superior drug loading efficiency, tumor microenvironment-responsive degradation behavior, and Fenton-like, glutathione oxidase-like and catalase-like triple activities. Importantly, it could not only deplete glutathione and concurrently generate 1O 2 and ·OH that amplified oxidative stress and induced ICD but also downregulate the proportion of M2 macrophages in tumors. The combination of nHACI-based PDT and PD-1 blockade could efficiently eradicate primary tumors, inhibit distant tumor growth and lung metastasis, and prevent tumor recurrence, demonstrating activation of robust systemic antitumor immune response. Collectively, this study presents a novel coordination assembly approach and nHACI holds great potential in eradicating primary tumors and potentiating ICB therapy via inducing ICD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]