21,647 results
Search Results
152. Gold nanoparticle-based immunoassay by using non-stripping chemiluminescence detectionThis paper is part of an Analystthemed issue highlighting Chinese science, with guest editor Mengsu (Michael) Yang.
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Chun-Feng Duan, Yu-Qi Yu, and Hua Cui
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IMMUNOGLOBULIN G , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *IMMUNOLOGY , *IMMUNOASSAY - Abstract
A novel microplate-compatible chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay has been developed for the determination of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) based on the luminol–AgNO3–gold nanoparticles CL system. Polystyrene microtiter plates were used for both immunoreactions and CL measurements. The primary antibody, goat-anti-human IgG, was first immobilized on polystyrene microwells. Then the antigen (human IgG) and the gold-labeled second antibody were connected to the microwells successively to form a sandwich-type immunocomplex. The gold label could trigger the reaction between luminol and AgNO3, accompanied by light emission. Under the optimized conditions, the CL intensity of the system was linear with the logarithm of the concentration of human IgG in the range from 25 to 5000 ng mL−1, with a detection limit of 12.8 ng mL−1(∼80 pM) at a signal to noise ratio of three (S/N= 3). Compared with other reported CL immunoassay method based on gold labels, the proposed CL protocol avoids a strict stripping procedure or difficult to control synthesis processes, making the method more simple, time-saving and easily automated. The present CL method is promising for the determination of clinically important bioactive analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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153. research paper B-prolymphocytic leukaemia with t(11;14) revisited: a splenomegalic form of mantle cell lymphoma evolving with leukaemia.
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Ruchlemer, Rosa, Parry-Jones, Nilima, Brito-Babapulle, Vasantha, Attolico, Imma, Wotherspoon, Andrew C., Matutes, Estella, and Catovsky, Daniel
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LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia , *CYCLINS , *BONE marrow , *CYTOGENETICS , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
We reviewed eight cases that were diagnosed before 1995 with B-prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL) harbouring t(11;14)(q13;q32) and/or cyclin D1 staining. Thirteen B-PLL patients without t(11;14) were selected as controls. Peripheral blood, bone marrow and histological sections were re-examined without cytogenetic information. Final diagnosis was made using morphology, cytogenetics, immunophenotype and immunohistochemistry. Clinical characteristics were similar for both groups except for younger age, male predominance and extranodal involvement in cases with t(11;14). CD5 was more frequently positive in the t(11;14)+ group (80%) than in the t(11;14)− group (31%). Surface membrane immunoglobulin was strongly expressed by all t(11;14)+ cases, but only 45% of t(11;14)− cases. Histopathological and cytological review of cases with t(11;14) showed an infiltrate with a mixture of cells, some resembling prolymphocytes and others with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) morphology. Blood films of cases with t(11;14) showed features suggestive of B-PLL in three, and in others, a mixture of cells resembling MCL and nucleolated ones; none corresponded to the blastoid form of MCL. We suggest that ‘B-PLL’ with t(11;14) may represent a splenomegalic form of MCL evolving with leukaemia. These cases illustrate the importance of tissue diagnosis with cyclin D1 staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in B-cell leukaemia with prolymphocytic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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154. research paper The efficacy and safety of B-cell depletion with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
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Cooper, Nichola, Stasi, Roberto, Cunningham-Rundles, Susanna, Feuerstein, Michael A., Leonard, John P., Amadori, Sergio, and Bussel, James B.
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THROMBOPENIC purpura , *BLOOD cells , *MONOCLONAL antibody probes , *BLOOD diseases , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *CLINICAL trials , *SPLENECTOMY - Abstract
Because of its B-cell depleting effect, rituximab has entered clinical trials in several autoimmune conditions. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of rituximab in 57 adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). All patients had platelet counts <30 × 109/l, all had received two or more previous ITP treatments and 31 had undergone splenectomy. Patients received rituximab 375 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks. Thirty-one patients (54%) responded, achieving a platelet count >50 × 109/l: 18 achieved a complete response (CR: platelet count >150 × 109/l) and 13 a partial response (PR: platelet count 50–150 × 109/l). Twenty-nine responses occurred within 8 weeks of the first infusion. Sixteen of 18 CR patients (28% overall), including eight who had failed splenectomy, continued in CR after a median of 72·5 weeks; 15 of 16 are >1 year from the first infusion. Only two of 13 maintained a PR. Thirty-three patients experienced grade 1–2 adverse events and one a grade 3 event, but they all completed treatment. Circulating B cells fell to <0·03 × 109/l. No changes in immunoglobulin levels or infectious complications were seen. In summary, rituximab was well tolerated with no immediate complications and induced a lasting, substantial response in 32% of adults with chronic ITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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155. research paper The t(4;14) is associated with poor prognosis in myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant.
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Hong Chang, Sloan, Stephen, Dan Li, Lihua Zhuang, Stephen, Qi-Long Yi, Stephen, Chen, Christine I., Reece, Donna, Chun, Kathy, and Stewart, A. Keith
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CHROMOSOMAL translocation , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *MULTIPLE myeloma , *AUTOTRANSPLANTATION , *GENES , *STEM cells - Abstract
The frequency and prognostic relevance of translocations t(11;14) and t(4;14), the most common translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene in multiple myeloma (MM), were investigated in 128 patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. Myeloma cells were identified by cytoplasmic light chain immunofluorescence combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH) for detection of translocations t(11;14) and t(4;14). Overall, t(11;14) was detected in 16 of 125 (12·8%) and t(4;14) in 15 of 120 (12·5%) patients. Progression-free and overall survivals were similar for patients with or without t(11;14). However, patients with t(4;14) had significantly shorter progression-free (median 9·9 months vs. 25·8 months; P = 0·0003) and overall survivals (median 18·3 months vs. 48·1 months; P < 0·0001) than patients without t(4;14). The t(4;14) was associated with IgA and t(11;14) with light chain MM. There was no association between the t(11;14) or t(4;14) and other biological parameters including age, gender, haemoglobin, β-2 microglobulin, C-reactive protein, calcium, creatinine, albumin, or the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells. Multivariate analysis identified t(4;14) as the only adverse prognostic factor for both progression-free survival and overall survival. Our results indicate that the t(4;14) detected by cIg-FISH is associated with a poor prognosis in MM patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and autotransplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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156. research paper Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the inflammatory cytokine genes in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
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Satoh, Takashi, Pandey, Janardan P., Okazaki, Yuka, Yasuoka, Hidekata, Kawakami, Yutaka, Ikeda, Yasuo, and Kuwana, Masataka
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AUTOIMMUNE diseases , *CYTOKINES , *NUCLEOTIDES , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *B cells - Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammatory cytokine genes were examined in 84 adult Japanese patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and 56 race-matched healthy controls. The SNPs examined were within the genes encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- α (−238 G/A and −308 G/A), TNF- β (+252 G/A), and interleukin (IL)-1 β (−511 C/T and +3953 T/C). Of these SNPs, the frequency of the TNF- β (+252) G/G phenotype was significantly higher in ITP patients than in healthy controls (21% vs. 7%, P = 0·04, odds ratio = 3·6, 95% confidence interval 1·1–11·1), while no significant association was detected for the other SNPs. The distribution of the TNF- β (+252) phenotype was not associated with human leucocyte antigen class II alleles or the therapeutic response in ITP patients. The frequency of circulating anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cells was significantly higher in ITP patients with the TNF- β (+252) G/G phenotype than in those with the G/A or A/A phenotype (11·9 ± 4·9 vs. 6·8 ± 4·9 and 3·7 ± 2·8 per 105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells; P = 0·02 and P < 0·001, respectively). These findings suggest that the SNP located at TNF- β (+252) contributes to susceptibility to chronic ITP by controlling the autoreactive B-cell responses to platelet membrane glycoproteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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157. research paper Intracellular signalling molecules as immunohistochemical markers of normal and neoplastic human leucocytes in routine biopsy samples.
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Pozzobon, Michela, Marafioti, Teresa, Hansmann, Martin-Leo, Natkunam, Yasodha, and Mason, David Y.
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LEUCOCYTES , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *BIOPSY , *PHOSPHOLIPASES , *MOLECULES , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *LYMPHOCYTES - Abstract
We have investigated whether intracellular signal transduction molecules can be used as immunohistological markers of normal and neoplastic human leucocytes in routine tissue sections. We obtained selective labelling of white cells for eight such molecules (the ‘linker’ molecules SLP-76 and BLNK, the Src family kinases Lyn, Fyn, Syk and Hck, and the phospholipases PLC- γ1 and PLC- γ2). Antibodies to SLP-76 and PLC- γ1 selectively labelled T cells, and antibodies to BLNK, Lyn, Fyn, Syk and PLC- γ2 labelled B cells (although Fyn immunostaining was restricted to mantle zone B cells). Antibodies to the Syk and Hck kinases labelled probable thymocyte precursors at the periphery of the thymic cortex. In addition to lymphoid cells, several other leucocyte types were immunostained (e.g. SLP-76, Lyn, Syk and Hck were found in megakaryocytes, myeloid cells and/or macrophages, and PLC- γ2 was detected in arterial endothelium). SLP-76 and PLC- γ1 were found in most T-cell lymphomas studied, and some B-cell lymphomas were also positive for PLC- γ1 (e.g. diffuse large cell and Burkitt's lymphoma). The five B cell-associated markers were found in most B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, although some diffuse large B-cell lymphomas were negative (e.g. for Lyn) and anti-Fyn tended not to stain small B-cell neoplasms. The observation that a range of leucocyte signalling molecules can be detected in routine biopsies offers new possibilities for studying normal and neoplastic human white cells in diagnostic tissue samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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158. research paper Intravenous (IV) anti-D and IV immunoglobulin achieve acute platelet increases by different mechanisms: modulation of cytokine and platelet responses to IV anti-D by Fc γRIIa and Fc γRIIIa polymorphisms.
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Cooper, Nichola, Heddle, Nancy M., De Haas, Masja, Reid, Marion E., Lesser, Martin L., Fleit, Howard B., Woloski, B. M. R., and Bussel, James B.
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *BLOOD platelets , *CYTOKINES , *THROMBOCYTOPENIA , *INTERLEUKIN-10 , *BLOOD cells , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Intravenous (IV) anti-D and IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) slow the Fc γ receptor (Fc γR)-mediated destruction of antibody-coated platelets in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). This pilot study explored the mechanism of these immunoglobulin preparations by measuring interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α), before and after infusion and by assessing the effect of Fc γRIIa and Fc γRIIIa polymorphisms on both cytokine and haematologic responses to anti-D. Following IVIG, only IL-10 was increased at 2 h and MCP-1 on day 7 ( P < 0·05). In contrast, 2 h after anti-D infusion, plasma levels of all four cytokines were increased ( P < 0·01); five of six patients with the highest MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF α levels had chills. Higher IL-10 levels correlated with platelet increases at 24 h and haemoglobin decreases at day 7 ( P < 0·025). Patients with the Fc γRIIa-131HH genotype had significantly higher MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF α levels. Patients with the Fc γRIIIa-158VF genotype had higher platelet increments at day 7 ( P < 0·05). Soluble CD16 (sCD16) was increased 2 h after IV anti-D; day 7 levels correlated with day 7 haemoglobin decreases ( P < 0·01). In conclusion, the relationship of Fc γRIIa and Fc γRIIIa polymorphisms with both cytokine levels and platelet increments implicated these receptors in responses to anti-D and supported different mechanisms of Fc γR interaction to those seen with IVIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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159. RESEARCH PAPER Circulating basement membrane zone antibodies are found in lichen sclerosus of the vulva.
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Howard, Anne, Dean, Diane, Cooper, Susan, Kirtshig, Gudula, and Wojnarowska, Fenella
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BASAL lamina , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *LICHENS , *FUNGI , *VULVAR diseases - Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies, their subtypes and clinical correlations in 96 patients attending the Oxford vulval clinic with lichen sclerosus (LS) of the vulva. Indirect immunofluorescence of serum (intact and split skin) to immunoglobulin (Ig)G was performed looking for the presence or absence of staining at the BMZ. Eighteen patients' sera (14 with positive indirect immunofluorescence to IgG) were examined for IgG antibodies of subclasses IgG1, 2 and 3, and 23 sera were examined for IgG4 subclass. Immunoblotting was performed in seven patients, and showed antibodies to BP180 in six patients and BP230 in one. One-third of patients with vulval LS had BMZ antibodies binding to the epidermal side of salt split skin. Immunoblotting showed antibodies to BP180 collagen XVII (six of seven patients) and BP230 in one. The subclasses were chiefly IgG1 and 2, different from those seen in bullous pemphigoid. No clinical correlation was found between the presence of antibodies and the presence of erosions, severity of scarring, age of onset of disease or response to treatment. These antibodies may be a reflection of a tendency to produce autoantibodies or be relevant to pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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160. ORIGINAL PAPER Intravenous immunoglobulin products contain neutralizing antibodies to vaccinia.
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Goldsmith, J. C., Eller, N., Mikolajczyk, M., Manischewitz, J., Golding, H., and Scott, D. E.
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *IMMUNODEFICIENCY , *IMMUNOLOGIC diseases , *VACCINIA , *GLOBULINS , *SMALLPOX vaccines - Abstract
Individuals with primary or secondary immune-deficiency diseases may be at risk for vaccinia infection if widespread smallpox-immunization programmes are implemented in the United States of America (USA) for bioterrorism preparedness. The objective of this study was to determine whether commercial immune globulin (intravenous, human) products contain biologically active antibodies to vaccinia that have the potential to protect people, with immune deficiencies, from complications of vaccinia. Eight currently United States (US)-licensed and two European intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products were tested in a vaccinia plaque-reduction neutralization assay. The in vivo activity of five of these lots was assessed in severely immune-deficient mice. All tested products contained neutralizing anti-vaccinia activity, in vitro and in vivo. The use of IVIG by individuals with inherited or acquired humoral immune deficiencies may provide some protection if they are inadvertently exposed to vaccinia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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161. ORIGINAL PAPER Restriction in the repertoire of the immunoglobulin light chain subgroup in pathological cold agglutinins with anti-Pr specificity.
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A. Leo, Kreft, H., Hack, H., Kempf, T., and Roelcke, D.
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AGGLUTININS , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *BIOLOGY , *AUTOANTIBODIES - Abstract
In cold agglutinin disease, monoclonal red blood cell autoantibodies, termed cold agglutinins, induce haemolysis in patients exposed to the cold. Commonly, these autoantibodies are directed against the developmentally regulated I/i blood groups. A second blood group system, the Pr system (located on glycophorins), is involved less frequently. Anti-Pr cold agglutinins recognize either alpha 2,3- or alpha 2,6-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid as the immunodominant group. Cold agglutinins of anti-I/i specificity show a remarkable restriction in their genomic repertoire of the immunoglobulin heavy and light-chain immunoglobulin-variable domain (i.e. exclusive use of VH4-34 in heavy chains). For anti-Pr cold agglutinins, preliminary data on the repertoire of the light-chain variable domain indicate a preference for the subgroup Vkappa IV. To elucidate restrictions in the light-chain variable-domain subgroup repertoire of anti-Pr cold agglutinins systematically, and to discuss these results in the context of their anti-Pr1–3 subclassification and immunodominant sialic acid, light chains in 13 anti-Pr cold agglutinins were investigated. The anti-Pr light chains were isolated using temperature-dependent absorption/elution techniques. Subsequently, they were subjected to N-terminal Edman degradation, and the light chain Vkappa subgroup was affiliated using the Kabat database. Five of 13 (38%) light chains belonged to Vkappa IV, five of 13 (38%) to Vkappa I and three of 13 (23%) to Vkappa III. Anti-Pr with Vkappa IV subgroup light chains exclusively recognized alpha 2,3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid. Including data from the literature, the repertoire of the light-chain variable domain in pathological anti-Pr cold agglutinins exhibits a clear bias towards the use of the single germline gene-derived subgroup, Vkappa IV (eight of 17 or 47%). The association of Vkappa IV subgroup light chain-containing anti-Pr cold agglutinins with binding to alpha 2,3-, but not alpha 2,6-linked N-acetyneuraminic acid raises speculations about a possible role of subgroup-derived determinants in anti-Pr binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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162. research paper Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes somatic hypermutations and chromosome 11q22-23 deletion in classic mantle cell lymphoma: a study of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research.
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Bertoni, Francesco, Conconi, Annarita, Cogliatti, Sergio B., Schmitz, Shu-Fang Hsu, Ghielmini, Michele, Cerny, Thomas, Fey, Martin, Pichert, Gabriella, Bertolini, Francesco, Ponzoni, Maurilio, Baldini, Luca, Jones, Chris, Auer, Rebecca, Zucca, Emanuele, Cavalli, Franco, and Cotter, Finbarr E.
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *GENETIC mutation , *LYMPHOMAS , *ANTIBODY diversity , *MEDICAL genetics , *HEMATOLOGY , *GENETICS - Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) shares immunophenotypic and karyotypic features with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The latter comprises two distinct entities with prognosis dependent upon immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene mutational status and the presence of 11q deletion. We evaluated the relevance of IgH gene mutational status, IgV gene family usage and presence of 11q deletion in a series of 42 histologically reviewed classical MCL cases to determine the prognostic impact. VH3 was the most common VH family, with VH3-21 being the most frequent individual VH gene. Approximately 30% of the cases had a IgH somatic mutation rate higher than 2%, but was only higher than 4% in <10% of cases. Half of the cases had deletion of chromosome 11q21-telomere (11q21->ter), with two minimal deleted regions, at 11q22.2 and 11q23.2. There was no association between 11q loss and IgH gene somatic mutation rate; the use of VH3-21 gene could be associated with a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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163. research paper Systemic AL amyloidosis due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an unusual clinicopathologic association.
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Cohen, A.D., Zhou, P., Xiao, Q., Fleisher, M., kalakonda, N., Akhurst, T., Chitale, D.A., Moscowitz, C., Dhodapkar, M.V., Teruya-Feldstein, J., Filippa, D., and Comenzo, R.L.
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AMYLOIDOSIS , *LYMPHOMAS , *PLASMA cells , *PROTEIN metabolism disorders , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *RITUXIMAB - Abstract
Systemic AL amyloidosis (AL) is a disorder in which light chains form fibrillar deposits, leading to organ dysfunction and death. Rarely, AL has been associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), although this association has not been well characterized. We report a series of six patients with AL associated with NHL, primarily lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Organ involvement was variable, with frequent bulky lymphadenopathy and visceral cavity deposits, but no cardiac involvement. Positron emission tomography scans were negative. Bone marrow and lymph node biopsies showed a mixed population of CD20+ lymphoid and CD138+ plasma cells. Serum free light chains were elevated, and correlated with response to therapy. Immunoglobulin light chain variable region (Ig VL) germline gene use was typical for AL, reflecting previously observed correlations between germline gene use and organ tropism. Five patients received rituximab-based therapies with two responses. Two patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation with one complete haematological response. Four patients survive at 10–132 months from diagnosis. AL with NHL has distinctive clinical features but employs the same Ig VL gene repertoire as AL with clonal plasma cell dyscrasias. Serial serum free light chain levels are useful for tracking response to therapy. Treatments aimed at both lymphoid and plasma cell components appear warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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164. The Bicoid Morphogen Papers (I): Account from CNV.
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Nüssiein-Volhard, Christiane N.
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GENETIC engineering , *MESSENGER RNA , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *CLONING , *MORPHOGENESIS - Abstract
This article reports that the information gained from cloning the bicoid gene was spectacular and the localized mRNA made bicoid a bona fide localized determinant, it was clear that the long-range patterning effects could only be understood once distribution and function of the bicoid protein were revealed. The technology to make antibodies against gene products that are too scarce in their native biological system had just become available through bacterial overexpression vectors. However, to demonstrate the reach of a gradient required the generation of an antibody and use of immunohistology techniques that would provide virtually background-free results, as background would make it difficult to determine where the gradient ends.
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- 2004
165. research paper The value of alloantibody detection in predicting response to HLA-matched platelet transfusions.
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Levin, Mark-David, Kappers-Klunne, Mies, Sintnicolaas, Kees, van der Holt, Bronno, van Vliet, Huub H.d.M., Löwenberg, Bob, and van't Veer, Mars B.
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HLA histocompatibility antigens , *HISTOCOMPATIBILITY antigens , *BLOOD platelet transfusion , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *THROMBOCYTOPENIA , *HEMATOLOGY - Abstract
Alloantibody tests demonstrate immunological causes of insufficient increments in random platelet transfusions. The value of a positive or negative test result in predicting the outcome of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched transfusions in patients refractory to leucodepleted random platelet transfusions has not been assessed. We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of the first HLA-matched platelet transfusion in 72 patients with haematological diseases in two ways: first, the strategy according to which the patient was selected for HLA-matched platelet transfusions was analysed. The strategies were: (i) results of alloantibody tests were not available, (ii) a positive alloantibody test, (iii) a negative alloantibody test. Secondly, the outcome of the first HLA-matched transfusion was investigated relative to the results of alloantibody tests, irrespective of the decision strategy. No significant association was found between the decision strategy and the outcome of the first HLA-matched platelet transfusion. Positive alloantibody tests, however, predicted a better outcome of the first HLA-matched platelet transfusion ( P = 0·04 and P = 0·03 after 1 and 16 h respectively). In patients refractory to random platelet transfusions, positive alloantibody tests predicted a better outcome of HLA-matched platelet transfusions. Patients with negative alloantibody tests, however, may benefit from HLA-matched platelet transfusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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166. ORIGINAL PAPER Acute hepatitis C virus seroconversion in a Scottish blood donor: HCV antigen is not comparable with HCV nucleic acid amplification technology screening.
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Dow, B. C., Munro, H., Buchanan, I., Ferguson, K., Davidson, F., Lycett, C., Jarvis, M., Cleland, A., Petrik, J., Lumley, S., and MacLean, A.
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HEPATITIS C diagnosis , *HEPATITIS viruses , *EPITOPES , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *BLOOD donors - Abstract
This study was conducted to analyse the usefulness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen tests for the confirmation of HCV infection in a donor presenting as nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) positive but negative for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). Blood donations were screened, in parallel, for anti-HCV using the Abbott PRISM HCV Chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA) and an ‘in-house’ HCV NAT (pools of up to 95 donations). An HCV NAT-positive antibody-negative donor was identified. Twelve follow-up samples were obtained and tested with various HCV antigen (including the recently marketed Trak-C second-generation assay) and HCV antibody assays. The single HCV NAT-positive, antibody-negative donation was identified from 1 117 681 donations screened in the 4-year period, July 1999 to June 2003. The index donation was positive by Ortho HCV core antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Ortho Trak-C (second-generation HCV core antigen EIA). An archive sample, taken 127 days prior to the index donation, was negative for all HCV markers. Subsequent samples demonstrated a loss of reactivity in the Ortho HCV core antigen EIA and reduced activity in the Ortho Trak-C until day 69. Immunoblot (Ortho RIBA-3) and HCV PRISM became positive on day 62, whilst Ortho HCV ELISA was not positive until day 132 or Biorad HCV ELISA until day 160. An alternative immunoblot (Innogenetics Innolia III) was positive from day 55. RNA levels fluctuated considerably during the follow-up period, being completely undetectable by routine screening methods at the time-point around seroconversion; subsequently, antibody was detected using all assays investigated. This HCV-converting blood donor provided a unique panel of samples for using to assess current (and future) HCV assay systems. The overall test results led to the conclusion that individual HCV antigen testing should not be considered as equivalent to HCV NAT minipool screening. Trak-C antigen testing may be considered as a suitable confirmatory assay for isolated HCV NAT reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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167. ORIGINAL PAPER Massive haemolysis after intramuscular diclofenac in a patient who apparently tolerated oral medication.
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Ahrens, N., Schewior, L., Garbe, E., Kiesewetter, H., and Salama, A.
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DICLOFENAC , *PHENYLACETIC acid , *HEMOLYTIC anemia , *AUTOANTIBODIES , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Administration of diclofenac may lead to immune haemolytic anaemia (IHA) owing to the presence of drug-dependent antibodies and/or autoantibodies. A relationship with oral or intramuscular drug administration is unknown. Here, we describe a patient who apparently tolerated oral diclofenac but developed severe IHA following intramuscular injection of the drug. A 66-year-old-female was admitted to hospital because of jaundice and nausea, which were initially presumed to be manifestations of a postcholecystectomy syndrome. The patient soon developed haemolysis and renal failure. Although the symptoms and signs were suggestive of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), the patient had diclofenac-induced IHA. Serological testing, including detection of drug-dependent antibodies, was performed using standard techniques. The patient's serum was found to contain a highly reactive diclofenac-dependent red cell antibody of the immune complex type (titre 256 000). She recovered after 7 weeks of treatment with prednisolone, blood transfusions, haemodialysis and plasma exchange. Diclofenac-induced IHA should always be considered when a patient on diclofenac develops haemolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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168. Paper-based fluorometric immunodevice with quantum-dot labeled antibodies for simultaneous detection of carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate specific antigen.
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Chen, Ying, Guo, Xiaoyan, Liu, Wei, and Zhang, Liu
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FLUORIMETRY ,QUANTUM dots ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen ,BIOLOGICAL tags - Abstract
A method is described for simultaneous fluorometric determination of the biomarkers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) on the same zone of a paper-based immunodevice. Two kinds of CdTe quantum dots, with respective emission peaks at 525 nm and 605 nm under a single excitation wavelength of 272 nm, were used to label the antibodies against CEA and PSA. Then the capture antibodies of CEA and PSA were immobilized on the same zone of the paper-based device. With the difference of the colors of the quantum dot fluorescence (green and orange), CEA and PSA can be detected on the same zone of the paper-based device. By using of sandwich immunoassay format, CEA and PSA can be simultaneously detected in human serum samples with a linear response in the 1.0-40 ng·mL
−1 concentration range for both. The recovery rates of the serum sample were in the range of 95-105%. The method has the potential of being applied to the simultaneous determination of various other kinds of substances on a single multichannel paper-based chip.Schematic presentation of the simultaneous fluorometric detection of two cancer biomarkers on the same zone of the paper-based immunodevice is provided. Two kinds of CdTe quantum dots with different emission peaks under the same excitation wavelength are labeled on different detection antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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169. The stability of immunoglobulin a in human milk and saliva stored on filter paper at ambient temperature.
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Miller, Elizabeth M. and Mcconnell, Daniel S.
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IMMUNOGLOBULIN A , *MILK , *SALIVA , *TEMPERATURE , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Objectives: Immunoglobulin A dominates mucosal surfaces and is a biomarker of interest in populations with a high disease burden. The objectives of this work are to describe an ELISA for IgA and test the stability of storage on filter paper for human milk and saliva collection to be used in remote field locations. Methods: A two-site sandwich ELISA for IgA was developed. To test filter paper storage capabilities under field conditions, 248 matched whole and dried human milk filter paper samples and 251 matched whole and dried saliva samples were collected from northern Kenyan women. Whole samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen while dried samples were stored at ambient temperature for up to 8 weeks. Recovered dried IgA levels were compared to whole IgA levels and adjusted for time stored at ambient temperature. Results: The lower limit of quantification for this assay is 10.1 ng/ml. Linearity of dilution for human milk and saliva samples was excellent. High and low-control coefficient of variation values across plates were 9.1 (341.8 ng/ml) and 9.4% (132.5 ng/ml). IgA was detected in all whole and dried samples. There is a moderate concordance between dried and whole samples ( R2 = 0.62). There is a small but significant effect of time stored, with a loss of ∼1 μg/ml per day ( P = 0.0052). Conclusions: This IgA assay is a cost-effective alternative to commercial secretory IgA kits. Human milk and saliva can be stored on filter paper for up to 8 weeks. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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170. Direct and Indirect Costs of Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in Italy.
- Author
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Viti R, Marcellusi A, Capone A, Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Pignata C, Spadaro G, Vacca A, Marasco C, Agostini C, and Mennini FS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Agammaglobulinemia economics, Agammaglobulinemia epidemiology, Common Variable Immunodeficiency economics, Common Variable Immunodeficiency epidemiology, Female, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked economics, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked epidemiology, Humans, Immunoglobulins economics, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Monte Carlo Method, Prevalence, Young Adult, Agammaglobulinemia drug therapy, Common Variable Immunodeficiency drug therapy, Cost of Illness, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked drug therapy, Immunoglobulins administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: In Italy, there is scarce evidence on the epidemiological and economic burden induced by primary antibody deficiencies., Objective: The aim of this study was to elaborate the available epidemiological and cost data in order to estimate the annual expenditure induced by the management of patients affected by the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) requiring immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy., Methods: A probabilistic cost-of-illness model was developed to estimate the number of patients with CVID and XLA, and the economic burden associated with their therapy in terms of direct or indirect costs. A systematic literature review was carried out to reveal both epidemiological and economic data. Furthermore, a probabilistic sensitivity analysis with 5000 Monte Carlo simulations was performed., Results: The epidemiological model allowed us to estimate the number of prevalent patients affected by XLA and CVID in Italy in 2017, corresponding to 1885 (95% confidence interval [CI] 944-3145) and 133 (95% CI 115-152) patients, respectively. The estimated total expenditure for the treatment and management of patients with CVID and XLA requiring Ig replacement therapy amounts to €42.68 million (95% CI €14.38-€86.1 million)., Conclusions: This information provides a comprehensive perspective of the economic issues, and facilitates better-informed public health decision making, in the management of CVID and XLA in Italy.
- Published
- 2018
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171. New Immunoglobulins Data Have Been Reported by Investigators at School of Engineering (Conductive Paper with Antibody-Like Film for Electrical Readings of Biomolecules)
- Subjects
Biotechnology ,Cellulose ,Biochemistry ,Immunoglobulins ,Health ,Science and technology - Abstract
2016 JUN 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- Investigators publish new report on Immunology. According to news originating from Oporto, Portugal, by NewsRx [...]
- Published
- 2016
172. Droplet-based blood group antibody screening with laser incubation.
- Author
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Manderson, Clare A., McLiesh, Heather, Tabor, Rico F., and Garnier, Gil
- Subjects
BLOOD groups ,COOMBS' test ,BLOOD transfusion ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,LASERS ,UMBILICAL cord clamping ,ABO blood group system - Abstract
Detection of blood group antibodies is a crucial step for blood transfusion recipients and pregnant women to prevent potentially fatal haemolytic reactions. Due to the short, non-bridging structure of such antibodies (IgG), the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) is required, complete with a thermal incubation phase. This incubation step, where the sample must be heated to 37 °C for several minutes, has hitherto prevented chip- and paper-diagnostics from performing a complete IAT and instead required the IAT to be performed away from the patient beside in a laboratory setting with specialist equipment – significantly delaying blood transfusions. With recent laser technology for immunohaematology, a single blood droplet can be heated. This study presents a simple diagnostic where a single 15 μL droplet sits on hydrophobic PTFE film and is heated by laser. The result of the test is then determined via placement of a paper strip where passive wicking and filtration of the sample separates positive from negative results. We demonstrate that this diagnostic can accurately and sensitively detect blood group antibodies, with results quickly read by eye without further specialist equipment or training, with potential to lead to a point-of-care antibody screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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173. Carbohydrate binding module-fused antibodies improve the performance of cellulose-based lateral flow immunoassays.
- Author
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Elter, Adrian, Bock, Tina, Spiehl, Dieter, Russo, Giulio, Hinz, Steffen C., Bitsch, Sebastian, Baum, Eva, Langhans, Markus, Meckel, Tobias, Dörsam, Edgar, Kolmar, Harald, and Schwall, Gerhard
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,CELLULOSE ,IMMUNOASSAY ,PROTEIN binding - Abstract
Since the pandemic outbreak of Covid-19 in December 2019, several lateral flow assay (LFA) devices were developed to enable the constant monitoring of regional and global infection processes. Additionally, innumerable lateral flow test devices are frequently used for determination of different clinical parameters, food safety, and environmental factors. Since common LFAs rely on non-biodegradable nitrocellulose membranes, we focused on their replacement by cellulose-composed, biodegradable papers. We report the development of cellulose paper-based lateral flow immunoassays using a carbohydrate-binding module-fused to detection antibodies. Studies regarding the protein binding capacity and potential protein wash-off effects on cellulose paper demonstrated a 2.7-fold protein binding capacity of CBM-fused antibody fragments compared to the sole antibody fragment. Furthermore, this strategy improved the spatial retention of CBM-fused detection antibodies to the test area, which resulted in an enhanced sensitivity and improved overall LFA-performance compared to the naked detection antibody. CBM-assisted antibodies were validated by implementation into two model lateral flow test devices (pregnancy detection and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies). The CBM-assisted pregnancy LFA demonstrated sensitive detection of human gonadotropin (hCG) in synthetic urine and the CBM-assisted Covid-19 antibody LFA was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies present in serum. Our findings pave the way to the more frequent use of cellulose-based papers instead of nitrocellulose in LFA devices and thus potentially improve the sustainability in the field of POC diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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174. Anti D - human immunoglobulin, Cholesterol, Paper for positive pictures
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Cholesterol ,Immunoglobulins ,Business, international - Abstract
Contract awarded for Anti D - human immunoglobulin, Cholesterol, Paper for positive pictures Status of Contract: Approved The total planned amount of the contract: 71 585.00 Date of Contract: 2013-03-18 [...]
- Published
- 2013
175. Back Cover: Paper‐Based Antibody Detection Devices Using Bioluminescent BRET‐Switching Sensor Proteins (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47/2018).
- Author
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Tenda, Keisuke, van Gerven, Benice, Arts, Remco, Hiruta, Yuki, Merkx, Maarten, and Citterio, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
BIOLUMINESCENCE , *PROTEINS , *DETECTORS , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *DIGITAL cameras - Abstract
Detecting antibodies in blood is as simple as it can get. In their Communication on page 15369 ff., D. Citterio, M. Merkx et al. integrate antibody‐targeting bioluminescent sensing proteins and other essential assay components into a microfluidic paper‐based analytical device. A drop of blood, a digital camera, and twenty minutes are all that is required to detect the presence and the concentration of multiple antibodies in whole blood based on the color of the emitted light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
176. New Immunoglobulins Data Have Been Reported by Researchers at Boston University (Stability measurements of antibodies stored on paper)
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Immunoglobulins ,Biological sciences ,Health ,Boston University - Abstract
By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in Immunology. According to news reporting from Boston, Massachusetts, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, 'Reagent [...]
- Published
- 2015
177. IU team contributes six research papers to Human BioMolecular Atlas Program collection in Nature.
- Subjects
MORPHOLOGY ,HUMAN experimentation ,BLOOD proteins ,MACHINE learning ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
Keywords: Antibodies; Biological Structures; Blood Proteins; Cyborgs; Emerging Technologies; Engineering; Immunoglobulins; Immunology; Indiana University; Machine Learning; Proteins; Software EN Antibodies Biological Structures Blood Proteins Cyborgs Emerging Technologies Engineering Immunoglobulins Immunology Indiana University Machine Learning Proteins Software 118 118 1 08/07/23 20230812 NES 230812 2023 AUG 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Imaging Week -- Katy Borner's team from the Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering's Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center has made significant contributions to constructing a Human Reference Atlas and has led or co-authored six research articles in a just-released HuBMAP package in Nature. Antibodies, Biological Structures, Blood Proteins, Cyborgs, Emerging Technologies, Engineering, Immunoglobulins, Immunology, Indiana University, Machine Learning, Proteins, Software. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
178. Maternal Screening for Hypothyroidism and Thyroiditis Using Filter Paper Specimens.
- Author
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Foley, T.P., Henry, J.J., Hofman, L.F., Thomas, R.D., Sanfilippo, J.S., and Naylor, E.W.
- Subjects
HYPOTHYROIDISM diagnosis ,THYROIDITIS diagnosis ,COLLECTION & preservation of biological specimens ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,FIRST trimester of pregnancy ,RESEARCH funding ,THYROTROPIN ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Background and Objective: Hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis are more prevalent than previously considered in women during pregnancy and the postpartum, and are associated with adverse effects on the mother and her fetus. We determined the efficacy and accuracy of screening women for primary hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis by testing TSH and two thyroid antibodies (TAb): thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), in eluates of filter paper specimens collected during early pregnancy and the postpartum. Methods: We enrolled 494 first-trimester pregnant women with no exclusion criteria into a prospective study to detect primary hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. Finger stick blood was applied to filter paper, dried in room air, eluted, and promptly tested for TSH and TAb. A total of 178 of the pregnant women (36%) were tested in the early postpartum. Women with abnormal results had confirmatory serum tests. Results: It was found that 91 pregnant women (18.4%) and 43 postpartum women (24.2%) had abnormal TSH values (>4.0 mU/L) and/or positive TAb; 140 pregnant women (28.3%) had TSH values >2.5 mU/L. All subjects with TSH values >4.0 mU/L tested positive for TAb. Eighteen women (3.6%) who tested normal during pregnancy tested abnormal in the postpartum. Conclusions: This study confirms that TSH and TPOAb measured in eluates of blood-spotted filter paper specimens are excellent screening tests to detect primary hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis in pregnant and postpartum women. Results are very comparable to serum data in this population published in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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179. Converting colour to length based on the coffee-ring effect for quantitative immunoassays using a ruler as readout.
- Author
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Zhang, Dagan, Gao, Bingbing, Chen, Yangtian, and Liu, Hong
- Subjects
IMMUNOASSAY ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,COLORIMETRIC analysis ,BIOLOGICAL tags ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
We report a method for converting the colorimetric results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) into length based on the coffee-ring effect, so that the quantitative detection of analytes can be carried out simply using a ruler. The influence of the shape and lamination of the paper strip on the test results is studied. As a demonstration, human IgG is quantitatively analyzed. It is found that the width of the colored stains correlates with the concentration of the analyte which can be measured for quantitative analysis. The method is promising for quantitative point-of-care detection of biomarkers under resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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180. Standardization of a filter-paper technique for blood sampling
- Author
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P. Lundbergh, Birgitta Evengård, and E. Linder
- Subjects
Time Factors ,030231 tropical medicine ,Antibodies, Helminth ,Immunoglobulins ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Whole blood ,Reproducibility ,Blood Specimen Collection ,Venipuncture ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Sampling (statistics) ,Schistosoma mansoni ,Blood Protein Electrophoresis ,Infectious Diseases ,Filter (video) ,Blood Preservation ,Immunoassay ,Immunology ,Parasitology ,Blood sampling - Abstract
Blood sampling on filter paper has many potential advantages compared to sampling by venepuncture. However, the method is poorly standardized, and some variables affecting its usefulness were therefore explored; different filter papers were compared and an optimal elution procedure was determined. The quantity of eluted IgG, IgM and IgA was determined by single radial diffusion, and antibody activity was determined in an enzyme immunoassay. Comparison to serum titres was facilitated by calculation of the dilution factor. Filter papers containing drops of whole blood from a Swedish patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection were stored at different temperatures over different periods of time. Antibodies of different classes could be extracted and antibody activity demonstrated after up to 30 weeks of storage. The reproducibility of the technique was good, and comparison to serum titres can easily be calculated.
- Published
- 1988
181. Wet-strength Resins and Surface Properties Affect Paperbased Antibody Assays
- Author
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Appita Conference and Exhibition (63rd : 2009 : Melbourne, Vic.), Wang, Jingyun, Pelton, Robert, Veldhuis, Linda J, MacKenzie, CRoger, Hall, JChristopher, and Filipe, Carlos DM
- Published
- 2009
182. Protein loop structure prediction by community-based deep learning and its application to antibody CDR H3 loop modeling.
- Author
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Woo, Hyeonuk, Kim, Yubeen, and Seok, Chaok
- Subjects
PROTEIN structure prediction ,DEEP learning ,PROTEIN structure ,PROTEIN content of food ,PROTEIN engineering ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
As of now, more than 60 years have passed since the first determination of protein structures through crystallography, and a significant portion of protein structures can be predicted by computers. This is due to the groundbreaking enhancement in protein structure prediction achieved through neural network training utilizing extensive sequence and structure data. However, substantial challenges persist in structure prediction due to limited data availability, with antibody structure prediction standing as one such challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture that effectively enables structure prediction by reflecting the inherent combinatorial nature involved in protein structure formation. The core idea of this neural network architecture is not solely to track and generate a single structure but rather to form a community of multiple structures and pursue accurate structure prediction by exchanging information among community members. Applying this concept to antibody CDR H3 loop structure prediction resulted in improved structure sampling. Such an approach could be applied in the structural and functional studies of proteins, particularly in exploring various physiological processes mediated by loops. Moreover, it holds potential in addressing various other types of combinatorial structure prediction and design problems. Author summary: In this paper, we propose a new architecture that aims to improve upon protein structure prediction algorithms like AlphaFold or RoseTTAFold by considering the combinatorial nature of protein structure formation. Such an architecture, reflecting the physical principles of nature, is expected to yield beneficial results, particularly in scenarios with limited structure and sequence information. Named ComMat, this architecture does not focus on a single structure but rather on a set of multiple structures—a community—simultaneously. In this process, combinatorial exploration of protein structure is encouraged through information exchange among community members. ComMat is an instance that integrates this idea within the structure module of AlphaFold. Applying ComMat to antibody CDR H3 loop structure prediction yielded outstanding results in structure sampling and prediction when tested on the IgFold set and compared with IgFold and AlphaFold-Multimer. It confirmed that improved structure sampling stems from effective structural exploration. The proposed concept here could potentially be used in the development of various other combinatorial protein structure prediction and protein design methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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183. Simple Determination of Affinity Constants of Antibodies by Competitive Immunoassays.
- Author
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Fischer, Janina, Kaufmann, Jan Ole, and Weller, Michael G.
- Subjects
IMMUNOASSAY ,BINDING constant ,PEPTIDES ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,QUALITY control - Abstract
The affinity constant, also known as the equilibrium constant, binding constant, equilibrium association constant, or the reciprocal value, the equilibrium dissociation constant (K
d ), can be considered as one of the most important characteristics for any antibody–antigen pair. Many methods based on different technologies have been proposed and used to determine this value. However, since a very large number of publications and commercial datasheets do not include this information, significant obstacles in performing such measurements seem to exist. In other cases where such data are reported, the results have often proved to be unreliable. This situation may indicate that most of the technologies available today require a high level of expertise and effort that does not seem to be available in many laboratories. In this paper, we present a simple approach based on standard immunoassay technology that is easy and quick to perform. It relies on the effect that the molar IC50 approaches the Kd value in the case of infinitely small concentrations of the reagent concentrations. A two-dimensional dilution of the reagents leads to an asymptotic convergence to Kd . The approach has some similarity to the well-known checkerboard titration used for the optimization of immunoassays. A well-known antibody against the FLAG peptide, clone M2, was used as a model system and the results were compared with other methods. This approach could be used in any case where a competitive assay is available or can be developed. The determination of an affinity constant should belong to the crucial parameters in any quality control of antibody-related products and assays and should be mandatory in papers using immunochemical protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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184. T-Cell Engagers—The Structure and Functional Principle and Application in Hematological Malignancies.
- Author
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Cech, Paweł, Skórka, Katarzyna, Dziki, Laura, and Giannopoulos, Krzysztof
- Subjects
ONCOLYTIC virotherapy ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,T cells ,LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ,HEMATOLOGY ,MONOCLONAL antibodies ,CELL lines ,CANCER chemotherapy ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,MOLECULAR structure - Abstract
Simple Summary: Recent advancements in cancer research have proven immunotherapies to be a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed to overcome the issues of monoclonal antibody-based therapies. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which directly activate T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of the targeted tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects. Recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy have made directing the cellular immune response onto cancer cells a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The introduction of monoclonal antibody-based (mAbs) targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis for hematological patients. Facing the issues of mAb-based therapies, a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which simultaneously target tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells and CD3 molecules present on T-cells. This mechanism allows for the direct activation of T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab, a TCE directed to CD3 and CD19 for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, numerous TCEs have been developed, allowing for treating different hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. TCE-based therapies still have their limitations; however, improving the properties of TCEs, as well as combining TCE-based therapies with other forms of treatment, give hope to find the cures for currently terminal diseases. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. Bibliography of paper and thin-layer chromatography 1966-1969. Elucidation of the primary structure of peptides and proteins
- Subjects
Dansyl Compounds ,Electrophoresis ,Chromatography ,Chromatography, Paper ,Fibrinogen ,Immunoglobulins ,Muscle Proteins ,Proteins ,Blood Proteins ,Peptide Chain Termination, Translational ,Nitrophenols ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Thiohydantoins ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Chromatography, Thin Layer ,Bibliographies as Topic ,Peptides - Published
- 1972
186. [BEHAVIOR OF IMMUNE GLOBULINS IN NORMAL PREGNANT AND LATE TOXEMIC WOMEN AND IN THEIR INFANTS. I. PAPER ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES]
- Author
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H, WILKEN and J, CLAER
- Subjects
Umbilical Veins ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Pregnancy ,Sepsis ,Toxemia ,Humans ,Immunoglobulins ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Female ,gamma-Globulins ,Blood Protein Electrophoresis - Published
- 1964
187. [Remarks on the paper by H. Bruester and H. G. Staemmler: 'Hemophiloid disease due to circulating anticoagulants in childhood']
- Author
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A, BURMEISTER
- Subjects
Paper ,Immunoglobulins ,Hemorrhagic Disorders - Published
- 1959
188. [A study on antibody-localization by means of continuous paper electrophoresis. Especially on agglutinin and hemolysin]
- Author
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M, NAMIKI
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Hemolysin Proteins ,Agglutinins ,Immunoglobulins ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Hemolysis ,Antibodies - Published
- 1961
189. New Dermatomyositis Findings from Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Discussed (Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin In Dermatomyositis: a Critically Appraised Research Paper).
- Subjects
DERMATOMYOSITIS ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,MEDICAL centers ,CONNECTIVE tissue diseases ,NEUROMUSCULAR diseases ,MUCOCUTANEOUS lymph node syndrome - Abstract
Keywords for this news article include: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America, Antibodies, Antineoplastics, Blood Proteins, Dermatomyositis, Health and Medicine, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulins, Immunology, Immunoproteins, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Intravenous Immunoglobulins, Muscular Diseases and Conditions, Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neuromuscular Diseases and Conditions, Polymyositis, Proteins, Rheumatology, Serum Globulins, Skin Diseases and Conditions, Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions, Therapy, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Philadelphia, State:Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America, Antibodies, Antineoplastics, Blood Proteins, Dermatomyositis, Health and Medicine, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulins, Immunology, Immunoproteins, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Muscular Diseases and Conditions, Musculoskeletal Diseases and Conditions, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neuromuscular Diseases and Conditions, Polymyositis, Proteins, Rheumatology, Serum Globulins, Skin Diseases and Conditions, Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions, Therapy, Intravenous Immunoglobulins. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
190. Defining the volume of rabies immunoglobulins/ rabies monoclonal antibodies requirement for wound infiltration of category III animal exposures – an exploratory study
- Author
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Ravish S. Haradanhalli, Nitu Kumari, Mysore K. Sudarshan, D. H. Ashwath Narayana, Ramya M. Prashanth, and Jithin Surendran
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Rabies ,Immunology ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Immunoglobulins ,India ,Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ,Rabies Vaccines ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Bites and Stings ,Prospective Studies ,Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Research Paper - Abstract
WHO recommends infiltration of rabies immunoglobulins/rabies monoclonal antibodies as anatomically possible, into or close to all category III animal bite wound(s)/exposures for post exposure prophylaxis. The volume required for wound infiltration depending upon the site/size/severity of wound is yet to be defined for guiding the treating physicians. This study aimed to determine the volume of rabies immunoglobulin/rabies monoclonal antibody required for wound infiltration depending upon the site, size, and severity. A prospective cohort study was conducted including category III animal exposures at the anti-rabies clinic, KIMS hospital and Research Center, Bangalore, India. The volume of rabies immunoglobulins/rabies monoclonal antibodies required for wound infiltration, depending on site, severity, and size was determined. All the subjects were followed for 6 months to demonstrate the safety and clinical efficacy of post exposure prophylaxis. The present study included 717 subjects having 1428 bite wounds. There was a significant difference in the median volume required for wound infiltration based on site, size, and severity of bite wounds. However, on pairwise comparison; the median volume among all the pairs for only wound size was found to be statistically significant. Supportively, a strong positive correlation was seen with the size of wound and volume infiltrated. The volume of rabies immunoglobulin/rabies monoclonal antibodies required for wound infiltration shall be determined according to size of wounds, i.e. 1 ml for 5 cm wound.
- Published
- 2021
191. Common variable immunodeficiency: different faces of the same disease
- Author
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Marlena Ewertowska, Anna Dąbrowska, Sylwia Kołtan, Anna Urbańczyk, Elżbieta Grześk, and Mariusz Wysocki
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Original Paper ,treatment ,business.industry ,diagnosis ,Common variable immunodeficiency ,clinical course ,immunoglobulins ,Cancer ,Dermatology ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Pneumonia ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medical history ,Differential diagnosis ,Sinusitis ,business ,immunodeficiency ,Immunodeficiency - Abstract
Introduction Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the primary humoral immunodeficiencies. Despite the inborn nature, the first symptoms may appear in both children and adults. It is characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia, severe infections, autoimmunity, allergies, and a predisposition to cancer. A delay in diagnosis is a significant problem: the time from the first symptoms of the disease to diagnosis and the implementation of proper treatment is usually very long. The consequence can be irreversible complications, which is why it is so important to promote knowledge on this immunodeficiency. Aim To present the clinical and laboratory manifestation of primary immunodeficiencies such as common variable immunodeficiency. Material and methods The study presents the clinical and laboratory phenotype of 14 patients diagnosed with CVID, aged 5 to 58 years. A detailed medical history was taken, and clinical symptoms, immunological test results and complications were analysed in each patient. According to the ESID guidelines, in the differential diagnosis process of CVID the secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia was excluded. Results The follow-up period ranged from 39 to 133 months (median: 79 months). The median delay for the entire group was 5 years, which was shorter in children than in adults. In the presented group, the infectious phenotype (pneumonia, sinusitis) was dominant. Autoimmune and allergic diseases, malignant tumours and enteropathies have also been observed. Conclusions The diagnostic delay is still too long, especially in adults, which can lead to serious and irreversible complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulins reduces the frequency of infections and their potential complications.
- Published
- 2021
192. Important roles of amino acids in immune responses.
- Author
-
Li, Peng and Wu, Guoyao
- Subjects
AMINO acid metabolism ,GLUTATHIONE ,CYTOKINES ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,COVID-19 ,NUTRITION disorders ,GUT microbiome ,IMMUNE system ,ARGININE ,DIETARY supplements ,AMINO acids ,NITRIC oxide ,GLUTAMINE - Abstract
This commentary highlighted the background, take-home messages, and impacts of our 2007 British Journal of Nutrition paper entitled "Amino acids and immune function". In 2003–2004, there was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS coronavirus-1 (CoV-1) in Asian countries. By the mid-2000's, clinical and experimental evidence indicated important roles for amino acids (AA) in improving innate and adaptive immunities in humans and animals. Based on our long-standing interest in AA metabolism and nutritional immunology, we decided to critically analyze advances in this nutritional field. Furthermore, we proposed a unified mechanism responsible for beneficial effects of AA and their products (including nitric oxide, glutathione, antibodies, and cytokines) on immune responses. We hoped that such integrated knowledge would be helpful for designing AA-based nutritional methods (e.g., supplementation with glutathione, arginine and glutamine) to prevent and treat SARS-like infectious diseases in the future. Our paper laid a framework for subsequent studies to quantify AA metabolism in intestinal bacteria, determine the effects of functional AA on cell-mediated and humoral immunities, and establish a much-needed database of AA composition in foodstuffs. Unexpectedly, COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has become one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Notably, glutathione, arginine and glutamine have now been exploited to effectively relieve severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 in affected patients. Functional AA (e.g., arginine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine and tryptophan) and glutathione, which are all abundant in animal-sourced foodstuffs, are crucial for optimum immunity and health in humans and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is protective in infected hamsters.
- Author
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Lv T, Xie X, Diao L, Jiang S, Ding Y, Yuan X, Gong L, Chen X, Zhang W, and Cao Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Cricetinae, Female, Chickens immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Doxycycline administration & dosage, Doxycycline pharmacology, Egg Yolk immunology, Kidney pathology, Kidney immunology, Kidney microbiology, Liver immunology, Liver pathology, Liver microbiology, Mesocricetus, Vaccines, Inactivated immunology, Vaccines, Inactivated administration & dosage, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Immunization, Passive methods, Immunoglobulins immunology, Immunoglobulins administration & dosage, Leptospira immunology, Leptospirosis immunology, Leptospirosis prevention & control, Leptospirosis therapy
- Abstract
Leptospirosis, a globally significant zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira, continues to threaten the health and public safety of both humans and animals. Current clinical treatment of leptospirosis mainly relies on antibiotics but their efficacy in severe cases is controversial. Passive immunization has a protective effect in the treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) has gained increasing attention as a safe passive immunization agent. This study aimed to investigate whether hens produce specific IgY after immunization with inactivated Leptospira and the protective effect of specific IgY against leptospirosis. First, it was demonstrated that specific IgY could be extracted from the eggs of hens vaccinated with inactivated Leptospira and that specific IgY can specifically recognize and bind homotypic Leptospira with a high titre, as shown by MAT and ELISA. Next, we tested the therapeutic effects of IgY in early and late leptospirosis using a hamster model. The results showed that early specific IgY treatment increased the survival rate of hamsters to 100%, alleviated pathological damage to the liver, kidney, and lung, reduced leptospiral burden, and restored haematological indices as well as functional indicators of the liver and kidney. The therapeutic effect of early specific IgY was comparable to that of doxycycline. Late IgY treatment also enhanced the survival rate of hamsters and improved the symptoms of leptospirosis similar to early IgY treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of late IgY treatment was better when combined with doxycycline. Furthermore, no Leptospira colonization was observed in the kidneys, livers, or lungs of the surviving hamsters treated with specific IgY. Mechanistically, IgY was found to inhibit the growth and adhesion to cells of Leptospira. In conclusion, passive immunotherapy with specific IgY can be considered an effective treatment for leptospirosis, and may replace antibiotics regarding its therapeutic effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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194. Pharmacological suppression of HHLA2 glycosylation restores anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer.
- Author
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Zhang D, Xie J, Sun F, Xu R, Liu W, Xu J, Huang X, and Zhang G
- Subjects
- Humans, Glycosylation, Immunotherapy, Prognosis, Immunoglobulins, Colorectal Neoplasms drug therapy, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Immunotherapy aimed at inhibiting the negative co-stimulatory molecule programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has limited effectiveness, with clinical response rates remaining below 10%-15%. Therefore, new immune checkpoints need to be explored. Our study focused on human endogenous retrovirus H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2), a highly glycosylated member of the B7 family that is widely expressed in colorectal cancer. HHLA2 expression negatively correlates with the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Glycosylation of HHLA2, which is regulated by the glycosyltransferase STT3 oligosaccharyltransferase complex catalytic subunit A (STT3A), is crucial for protein stability and expression in cell membranes. Additionally, the binding of HHLA2 to the receptors killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three immunoglobulin domains and long cytoplasmic tail 3 (KIR3DL3) and transmembrane and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain containing 2 (TMIGD2) is dependent on N-glycosylation. Moreover, N-glycosylation of HHLA2 promotes immune evasion in colorectal cancer by suppressing the immune response of NK cells. Notably, the STT3A inhibitor NGI-1 enhances the anti-tumor immune response of NK cells. Our findings provide new insights and a molecular basis for targeting HHLA2 in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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195. PdPANA: phagemid display as peptide array for neutralizing antibodies, an engineered in silico vaccine candidate against COVID-19.
- Author
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Uzcátegui, Javier, Mullah, Khaleel, de Virgini, Daniel Buvat, Mendoza, Andrés, Urdaneta, Rafael, and Naranjo, Alejandra
- Subjects
PEPTIDES ,COVID-19 ,RECOMBINANT proteins ,PROTEIN engineering ,DISPLAY systems ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the technical, scientific, and industrial resources of all countries worldwide. Faced with the absence of pharmacological strategies against the disease, an effective plan for vaccinating against SARS-CoV-2 has been essential. Due to the lack of production means and necessary infrastructure, only a few nations could adequately confront this pathogen with a production, storage, and distribution scheme in place. This disease has become endemic in many countries, especially in those that are developing, thus necessitating solutions tailored to their reality. In this paper, we propose an in silico method to guide the design towards a thermally stable, universal, efficient, and safe COVID-19 vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics, immunoinformatics, and molecular modeling approaches for the selection of antigens with higher immunogenic potential, incorporating them into the surface of the M13 phage. Our work focused on using phagemid display as peptide array for neutralizing antibodies (PdPANA). This alternative approach might be useful during the vaccine development process, since it could bring improvements in terms of costeffectiveness in production, durability, and ease of distribution of the vaccine under less stringent thermal conditions compared to existing methods. Our results suggest that in the heavily glycosylated region of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (aa 344–583), from its inter-glycosylated regions, useful antigenic peptides can be obtained to be used in M13 phagemid display system. PdPANA, our proposed method might be useful to overcome the classic shortcoming posed by the phage-display technique (i.e., the time-consuming task of in vitro screening through great sized libraries with non-useful recombinant proteins) and obtain the most ideal recombinant proteins for vaccine design purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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196. MicroRNA-106b-5p inhibits growth and progression of lung adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating IGSF10
- Author
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Qiang Tang, Yaqin Pang, Xiaoyun Bin, Guangzi Qi, Xianjiu Liao, Bo Ling, Jianchu Wang, and Guangbin Ye
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,Prognostic factor ,Lung Neoplasms ,Databases, Factual ,Datasets as Topic ,Down-Regulation ,Immunoglobulins ,Adenocarcinoma of Lung ,miR-106b-5p ,Cell Line, Tumor ,microRNA ,Leukocytes ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Survival analysis ,Cell Proliferation ,IGSF10 ,Lung ,Chemistry ,Cancer ,Cell Biology ,Prognosis ,lung adenocarcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cancer research ,biomarker ,Adenocarcinoma ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,CD8 ,Research Paper - Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role and prognostic significance of IGSF10 in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncomine database analysis showed that IGSF10 expression was significantly reduced in most cancer types, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the TCGA-LUAD dataset, IGSF10 expression correlated positively with proportions of tumor-infiltrated B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that overall survival of patients with low IGSF10 expression was significantly shorter than those with high IGSF10 expression. MiRWalk2.0 database analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-106b-5p suppressed IGSF10 expression by binding to its 3’UTR. MiR-106b-5p levels inversely correlated with IGSF10 expression in the TCGA-LUAD dataset. Moreover, inhibition of miR-106b-5p significantly decreased in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion by LUAD cells, whereas miR-106b-5p overexpression reversed those effects. These results demonstrate that IGSF10 is an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Furthermore, miR-106b-5p suppressed IGSF10 expression in LUAD tissues by binding to its 3’UTR, which makes IGSF10 and miR-106b-5p potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD patients.
- Published
- 2021
197. Educational paper: Primary immunodeficiencies in children: a diagnostic challenge.
- Author
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De Vries, Esther and Driessen, Gertjan
- Subjects
IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,JUVENILE diseases ,DISEASE susceptibility ,LYMPHOCYTES ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections due to defects in one ore more components of the immune system. Although most PIDs are relatively rare, they are more frequent than generally acknowledged. Early diagnosis and treatment of PIDs save lives, prevent morbidity, and improve quality of life. This early diagnosis is the task of the pediatrician who encounters the child for the first time: he/she should suspect potential PID in time and perform the appropriate diagnostic tests. In this educational paper, the first in a series of five, we will describe the most common clinical presentations of PIDs and offer guidelines for the diagnostic process, as well as a brief overview of therapeutic possibilities and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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198. Measles vaccines: WHO position paper -- April 2017.
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MEASLES prevention , *EPIDEMICS , *IMMUNIZATION , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *MEDICAL personnel , *MEASLES , *PATIENT safety , *WORLD health , *COST analysis , *AT-risk people , *DIAGNOSIS , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The article discusses the April 2017 position paper on measles vaccination published by the World Health Organization (WHO). Topics explored include the declining incidence of measles during the 2000-2015 period which may be attributed to vaccination, infant mortality from measles in countries such as Nigeria, Pakistan and India, and details about the measles virus, diagnosis of this infection, and administration of measles vaccines.
- Published
- 2017
199. DISCUSSION PAPER: DUAL EFFECTS OF TUMOR, ANTIGENS: INDUCTION OF TUMOR RESISTANCE, OR TUMOR GROWTH ENHANCEMENT
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R. Christopher Butler, Jonathan Grohsman, Craig Keebler, and Alois Nowotny
- Subjects
Immunoglobulins ,Mice, Inbred Strains ,Lymphocyte Activation ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Microviscosity ,Mice ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Antigen ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,Ascites ,Immune Tolerance ,Membrane fluidity ,medicine ,Animals ,Ascitic Fluid ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Tumor growth ,Mode of action ,Membranes ,Viscosity ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Periodic Acid ,DNA ,Neoplasms, Experimental ,Electrophoresis, Disc ,Cell biology ,Membrane ,Chromatography, Thin Layer ,medicine.symptom ,Spleen - Abstract
TA3-HA nonspecific tumors growing in ascites form shed their membrane components into the ascites fluid. This product can induce tumor growth enhancement if given together with or after i.p. tumor inoculation in relatively large quantities, but if given i.m. in small quantities, several days before tumor challenge, the mice show an elevated resistance to the tumor. The strictly strain-specific TA3-St line does not release such membrane components into the ascites fluid. It has also been found that the TA3-HA cells have a larger membrane fluidity than the TA3-St cells, as measured by membrane microviscosity, using the Shinitzki procedure. Isolation and gross chemical analysis of the TA3-Ha ascites fluid component was carried out. Results, so far, indicate that the active site of this product is probably carbohydrate in nature. The possible mode of action of such component in tumor growth enhancement is most probably by overwhelming and neutralizing immunocytes capable of recognition and eventually cytotoxic action.
- Published
- 1976
200. Prevalence of Orthohantavirus-Reactive Antibodies in Humans and Peri-Domestic Rodents in Northern Ethiopia.
- Author
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Meheretu, Yonas, Granberg, Åsa, Berhane, Gebregiorgis, Khalil, Hussein, Lwande, Olivia Wesula, Mitiku, Mengistu, Welegerima, Kiros, Bellocq, Joëlle Goüy de, Bryja, Josef, Abreha, Hagos, Leirs, Herwig, Ecke, Frauke, and Evander, Magnus
- Subjects
RODENTS ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ,VIRAL antibodies ,SHREWS ,FILTER paper - Abstract
In 2012, Tigray orthohantavirus was discovered in Ethiopia, but its seasonal infection in small mammals, and whether it poses a risk to humans was unknown. The occurrence of small mammals, rodents and shrews, in human inhabitations in northern Ethiopia is affected by season and presence of stone bunds. We sampled small mammals in two seasons from low- and high-density stone bund fields adjacent to houses and community-protected semi-natural habitats in Atsbi and Hagere Selam, where Tigray orthohantavirus was first discovered. We collected blood samples from both small mammals and residents using filter paper. The presence of orthohantavirus-reactive antibodies in blood was then analyzed using immunofluorescence assay (human samples) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (small mammal samples) with Puumala orthohantavirus as antigen. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR using small mammal blood samples. Total orthohantavirus prevalence (antibodies or virus RNA) in the small mammals was 3.37%. The positive animals were three Stenocephalemys albipes rats (prevalence in this species = 13.04%). The low prevalence made it impossible to determine whether season and stone bunds were associated with orthohantavirus prevalence in the small mammals. In humans, we report the first detection of orthohantavirus-reactive IgG antibodies in Ethiopia (seroprevalence = 5.26%). S. albipes lives in close proximity to humans, likely increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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