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Objectives Distinguishing Kikuchi disease (KD) from lupus lymphadenitis (LL) histologically is nearly impossible. We applied C4d immunohistochemical (IHC) stain to develop diagnostic tools. Methods We retrospectively investigated clinicopathological features and C4d IHC staining in an LL-enriched development cohort (19 LL and 81 KD specimens), proposed risk stratification criteria and trained machine learning models, and validated them in an external cohort (2 LL and 55 KD specimens). Results Clinically, we observed that LL was associated with an older average age (33 vs 25 years; P= 0.005), higher proportion of biopsy sites other than the neck [4/19 (21%) vs 1/81 (1%); P= 0.004], and higher proportion of generalized lymphadenopathy compared with KD [9/16 (56%) vs 7/31 (23%); P= 0.028]. Histologically, LL involved a larger tissue area than KD did (P= 0.006). LL specimens exhibited more frequent interfollicular pattern [5/19 (26%) vs 3/81 (4%); P= 0.001] and plasma cell infiltrates (P= 0.002), and less frequent histiocytic infiltrates in the necrotic area (P= 0.030). Xanthomatous infiltrates were noted in 6/19 (32%) LL specimens. Immunohistochemically, C4d endothelial staining in the necrotic area [11/17 (65%) vs 2/62 (3%); P< 10−7], and capillaries/venules [5/19 (26%) vs 7/81 (9%); P= 0.048] and trabecular/hilar vessels [11/18 (61%) vs 8/81 (10%); P< 10−4] in the viable area was more common in LL. During validation, both the risk stratification criteria and machine learning models were superior to conventional histological criteria. Conclusions Integrating clinicopathological and C4d findings could distinguish LL from KD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvenular hemangioma (MVH) is a rare benign vascular tumor with a controversial etiology, but hormone receptor alterations might be involved. We report a case of MVH in a 41‐year‐old Taiwanese woman who presented with a 1.5 × 1 cm violaceous plaque on left thigh that had appeared 1 year previously. She had taken oral contraceptives for several years and stopped 1 year prior to presentation. Histologically, the tumor was composed of small and compressed venous structures infiltrating in the dermis and subcutis. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells displayed negative immunoreactivity for human herpesvirus‐8 and positive immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and progesterone receptor (PR). Taken together with the patient's medical hormone therapy history and the evidence of PR immunoreactivity, our findings support that progesterone may be associated with the tumorigenesis of MVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK) regulates components of the cell cycle, including cell growth, immune responses, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and inflammation. PBK/TOPK may also accelerate tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. Methods: We investigated the impact of PBK/TOPK on the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients to further identify its role in colorectal cancer. PBK/TOPK immunoreactivity was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 162 cancer specimens from primary colorectal cancer patients. Results: The mean follow-up time after surgery was 5.4 years (medium: 3.9 years; range 0.01 to 13.1 years). The prognostic value of PBK/TOPK on overall survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. PBK/TOPK was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. High PBK/TOPK expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with advanced T value. The 5-year survival rate was greater for patients with high total PBK/TOPK expression than with low PBK/TOPK expression (58.3% vs 34.4%, P = 0.005). Multivariate analyses showed that low-scoring cytoplasmic PBK/TOPK, negative nuclear PBK/TOPK, low total PBK/TOPK, and advanced tumor stage were correlated with poor overall patient survival. Conclusions: We suggest that PBK/TOPK expression, detected by IHC staining, could be used as an independent prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8) is a signaling protein implicated in the development of many human cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study examined the expression of Eps8 and assessed its significance in patients with OSCC. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for Eps8 was conducted in 205 cases of OSCC collected over 7 years. The results were analyzed and correlated with patients' clinical outcomes. Results: We identified Eps8 expression in 186 of the 205 cases of OSCC (91%) and the aberrance occurred primarily in the cytoplasm of OSCC cells. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with Eps8 expression had significantly poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) than those without it (43% vs 74%, P = 0.014). Eps8 expression was also identified as an independent predictive factor for poorer OS by a multivariate analysis in regression modeling ( P = 0.021, HR = 2.7). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with positive Eps8 expression had a significantly poorer OS than patients with negative/low Eps8 expression ( P = 0.038). The difference in disease-free survival between positive Eps8 expression and negative/low Eps8 expression nearly reached statistical significance ( P = 0.051). Conclusion: Eps8 is frequently expressed in OSCC. The aberrant expression of Eps8 closely correlated with poor survival in patients with OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 533-539 Background: Carbonic anhydrases (CA), a family of metalloenzymes, play an important role in catalyzing the equilibration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). The role of CAs in tumorigenesis is controversial, especially regarding the expression of CA isoenzymes between various tumor types. This study explores the correlation between the expressions of CA I and CA II and the characteristic features of oral cancer. Methods: We immunohistochemically examined the expressions of CA I and CA II in 279 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using tissue microarrays. Additionally, the oral cancer cell line SCC-9 was used to confirm the relationship between CA I and CA II expression and cell growth. Results: We found a significant correlation between positive CA I and CA II stains and OSCC for more advanced clinical stage ( P = 0.014 or 0.012) and larger tumor size ( P = 0.008 or 0.038), but not for positive lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, and recurrence. In vitro analysis also showed that treatment with a CA inhibitor, acetazolamide, inhibited the growth of SCC-9 cells. Conclusion: We conclude that expressions of CA I and CA II in OSCC samples can be used to predict local tumor growth in OSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Krüppel-like factor 4 is not only involved in cell proliferation but also affects cell differentiation and extracellular matrix production via positive and negative regulation of the expression of a wide range of genes. To our knowledge, little information is available regarding the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the associations between Krüppel-like factor 4 expression and clinical parameters of oral cancer using immunohistochemical assays in 215 surgical specimens. Compared with positive nuclear Krüppel-like factor 4 expression, we observed that negative nuclear Krüppel-like factor 4 expression was significantly associated with an advanced cancer stage (P = .046), a high tumor recurrence rate (P = .009), and a worse 3-year survival rate in patients with oral cancer (P = .046). Nuclear expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 was shown to have an inverse relationship with Ki67 expression (P = .046). Patients with negative nuclear expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 had significantly worse overall survival rates as defined by the log-rank test (P = .014). Patients with oral cancer with negative nuclear Krüppel-like factor 4 expression in tumor cells had poor prognoses and a 2.5-fold higher death risk. Compared with disease stage (P = .025), negative nuclear Krüppel-like factor 4 expression (P = .006) was an independent prognostic factor. Our results revealed that the loss of nuclear expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 is significantly associated with aggressive clinical manifestations and might be an adverse survival factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]