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Introduction: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer with 2.2 million cases in 2020 and causes 1.8 million deaths. Early lung cancer often has no symptoms and can only be detected by medical imaging. When symptoms do appear, they are often respiratory problems --coughing, breathlessness or chest pain -- and systemic problems -- loss of appetite, weight loss, general weakness, fever and night sweats. There are two main types of lung cancer: small cell lung cancer (SCLC; 15% of cases) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 85% of cases). Material and methods: This study included evaluation of CMKLR1, PD-1, B7H3, B7H4 and HHLA2 expression, along with CD8 + T-cell population, TILs and budding in H + E stained slides using IHC. Although there was no clear association between the analysed expressions and the T parameter, this study, which included 22 archived lung adenocarcinoma cases from patients undergoing radical lobectomy, revealed significant negative correla- tions between HHLA2 expression and tumour grade, as well as between CMKLR1 expression and tumour grade. Results: Furthermore, CMKLR1 expression among lymphocytes showed a positive correlation with TILs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasms worldwide, responsible for over 900,000 deaths yearly. As the immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CRC are effective only in microsatellite unstable tumours, which are 15% of all CRC cases, new targets of immune evasion are still needed. B7H3 has been reported to mediate immune escape and promote tumour progression in numerous malignancies, but it has yet to be fully elucidated in CRC. The study investigates whether B7H3 expression is related to MSI/MSS status, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokine composition in CRC. We found that B7H3 expression is upregulated in CRC tumours and independent of MSI/MSS status. B7H3 correlated positively with cytokines supporting tumour growth and was associated with M2-macrophage polarization. Additionally, TCGA analysis showed that high B7H3 expression in CRC tumours is related to decreased survival in CRC patients. Our findings provide a novel insight into B7H3's role in CRC immunity. The study aimed to assess the expression of B7H3 concerning clinicopathological and histological parameters, including MSI/MSS status, CD-8 cells, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), budding, TNM scale and grading. Moreover, we analyzed the B7H3-related pathways using available online datasets and the immunological context of B7H3 expression, through the 48-cytokine screening panel of cancer tissues homogenates, immunogenic features and immune composition. The study included 158 patients diagnosed with CRC. To assess B7H3 levels, we performed an immunohistochemistry method (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To elucidate the immune composition of colorectal cancer, we performed the Bio-Plex Pro Human 48-cytokine panel. To study biological characteristics of B7H3, we used online databases. Expression of B7H3 was upregulated in CRC tumour tissues in comparison to adjacent noncancerous margin tissues. The concentrations of B7H3 in tumours were positively associated with T parameter of patients and negatively with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes score. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis showed that B7H3 expression in tumours correlated positively with cytokines associated with M2-macrophages and protumour growth factors. The expression of B7H3 in tumours was independent of MSI/MSS status. These findings will improve our understanding of B7H3 role in colorectal cancer immunity. Our study suggests that B7-H3 is a promising potential target for cancer therapy. Further studies must clarify the mechanisms of B7H3 overexpression and its therapeutic importance in colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The clinical outcomes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) differ widely, indicating the need for accurate prognostic parameters. Because cancer stem cells and matrix metalloproteinases play a key role in carcinogenesis, CD44, MMP-2, and MMP-9 may be the potential prognosticators for RCC. The aim of our study was to analyse whether the immunohistochemical expression of these molecules in association with the histopathological RCC subtype affects patients' survival. Significant differences existed in the degree of MMP expression between clear-cell RCC and non-clear cell RCC cases, which suggests different tumorigenic mechanisms between these subtypes. On multivariate analysis, only the histopathological subtype of clear cell RCC and CD44 expression were independent risk factors for patient death. Thus, CD44 seems to be an independent factor of poor outcomes in patients with RCC regardless of its subtype. It may be useful in the search for new therapeutic methods and in predicting the prognosis of patients with RCC. CD44, MMP-2, and MMP-9 are new potential molecular prognostic markers in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of the study was to analyze whether the expression of CD44, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in association with the histopathological subtype of RCC affects the survival of patients with renal cancer. The study population included 243 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and 59 non-ccRCC cases. A total of 302 tumors were examined for CD44, MMP2, and MMP9 expression by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of the proteins were scored by semi-quantitative methods, and the correlation with overall patient survival was verified. We found no significant differences in CD44 expression levels between cc-RCC and non-ccRCC cases; however, significant differences existed in the degree of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression between cc-RCC and non-ccRCC cases. There was significantly higher MMP expression in non-ccRCC than in ccRCC cases. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased CD44 expression and histopathological subtype of ccRCC were predictors of shorter overall survival. Moreover, MMP-2 overexpression slightly reduced the risk of patient death, while MMP-9 expression did not show an association with patients' survival. However, on multivariate analysis, only the histopathological subtypes of ccRCC and CD44 expression were independent risk factors for patient death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]