1. AKT Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Phosphorylating NLRP3 Serine 5
- Author
-
Wei Zhao, Il-Young Hwang, John H. Kehrl, Kathleen Harrison, Min Wang, Neel R. Nabar, and Chong-Shan Shi
- Subjects
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,Inflammasomes ,Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ,Interleukin-1beta ,Immunology ,Phosphatase ,Article ,Tripartite Motif Proteins ,Dephosphorylation ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Phosphorylation ,Protein kinase A ,Protein kinase B ,integumentary system ,biology ,Chemistry ,Caspase 1 ,Interleukin-18 ,Ubiquitination ,Protein phosphatase 2 ,Ubiquitin ligase ,Cell biology ,Proteolysis ,biology.protein ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Inflammasome complex ,030215 immunology - Abstract
The cytosolic pattern recognition receptor NLRP3 senses host-derived danger signals and certain microbe-derived products in both humans and rodents. NLRP3 activation assembles an inflammasome complex that contains the adapter proteins ASC and caspase-1, whose activation triggers the maturation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. S5 phosphorylation of NLRP3 prevents its oligomerization and activation, whereas dephosphorylation of this residue by the phosphatase PP2A allows NLRP3 activation. However, the protein kinase that mediates NLRP3 S5 phosphorylation is unknown. In this study, we show that AKT associates with NLRP3 and phosphorylates it on S5, limiting NLRP3 oligomerization. This phosphorylation event also stabilizes NLRP3 by reducing its ubiquitination on lysine 496, which inhibits its proteasome-mediated degradation by the E3 ligase Trim31. Pharmacologic manipulation of AKT kinase activity reciprocally modulates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production. Inhibition of AKT reduced IL-1β production following the i.p. injection of LPS into mice. We propose that AKT, Trim31, and PP2A together modulate NLRP3 protein levels and the tendency to oligomerize, thereby setting a tightly regulated threshold for NLRP3 activation.
- Published
- 2020