1. Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 for therapeutic benefit in lymphoma
- Author
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Ying Li, Joshua Lawson, Jordan E. Krull, S. M. Ansell, Linda Wellik, Anne J. Novak, Kerstin Wenzl, Kevin E. Nowakowski, Kah Whye Peng, Francis J. Giles, Daniel Schmitt, Xiaosheng Wu, Daniel D. Billadeau, Lianwen Zhang, Jithma P. Abeykoon, Gail A. Bishop, Mary Stenson, and Thomas E. Witzig
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Indoles ,Lymphoma ,Cell Survival ,Immunology ,Gene Expression ,Mitosis ,Mice, Transgenic ,Mitotic prophase ,Spindle Apparatus ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Maleimides ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,GSK-3 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Cell Proliferation ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ,Kinase ,Cell growth ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Disease Models, Animal ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Gene Targeting ,Cancer research ,Phosphorylation ,Signal transduction - Abstract
Targeting the B-cell receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR signaling pathways has shown meaningful, but incomplete, antitumor activity in lymphoma. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) α and β are 2 homologous and functionally overlapping serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate multiple protein substrates in several key signaling pathways. To date, no agent targeting GSK3 has been approved for lymphoma therapy. We show that lymphoma cells abundantly express GSK3α and GSK3β compared with normal B and T lymphocytes at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Utilizing a new GSK3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 and by genetic deletion of GSK3α and GSK3β genes using CRISPR/CAS9 knockout, GSK3 was demonstrated to be functionally important to lymphoma cell growth and proliferation. GSK3β binds to centrosomes and microtubules, and lymphoma cells treated with 9-ING-41 become arrested in mitotic prophase, supporting the notion that GSK3β is necessary for the progression of mitosis. By analyzing recently published RNA sequencing data on 234 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, we found that higher expression of GSK3α or GSK3β correlates well with shorter overall survival. These data provide rationale for testing GSK3 inhibitors in lymphoma patient trials.
- Published
- 2019