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Previous studies reported suppressive effects of antiplatelet agents on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, this has never been assessed in patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT). This retrospective observational study used data from LT recipients with pre-transplant HCC in a single tertiary hospital. The study population was divided into two groups according to the use of antiplatelet agents for >90 days within the study period (377 antiplatelet groups versus 91 non-antiplatelet groups). Matched groups containing 79 patients in each group were also compared regarding HCC-recurrence and HCC-related mortality, which were analyzed by treating non-HCC death as a competing risk. In Kaplan–Meier analyses of the matched cohort, the 5-year cumulative incidences of HCC recurrence and HCC-specific death were similar between the antiplatelet (p = 0.876) and non-antiplatelet groups (p = 0.701). All-cause and non-HCC deaths were also similar between the two groups (p = 0.867 and p = 0.413, respectively). In multivariable analyses of the entire cohort, antiplatelet use was not associated with HCC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, p = 0.300) or HCC-specific death (HR 1.54, p = 0.310). Therefore, unlike the usual setting with liver disease, antiplatelet therapy did not affect HCC recurrence or HCC-specific mortality when used after LT.