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Aquaculture industry is one of the major food‐producing sectors in the world that provide nutritional food security for mankind. Fish and crustacean farmers are facing various challenges in treating the rapid spread of infectious diseases in recent times. Numerous strategies, including antibiotics, disinfectants, and other antimicrobial agents, have been applied to protect the cultivable aquatic animals from infectious diseases. These applications lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, toxicity, and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in cells and organelles of the cultivable edible organisms and the environment. The use of naturally derived compounds, polysaccharides, and functional metabolites has gained immense attention among aquaculturists. Mushrooms and their nutraceutical components have been widely used in various sectors, including food, pharmaceutical, poultry, and aquaculture industries, for their non‐toxic and eco‐friendly properties. To date, there are several reports available on edible and medicinal mushrooms as a dietary ingredient for fish and decapod crustacean culture. The mushroom products such as mycelia, stalk, dry powder, polysaccharides, and extracts have been utilized in aquaculture as growth promoters and immunostimulants, improving the digestive enzyme activity, antimicrobials, and improving the health status of cultivable aquatic animals. This present review elucidates the effectiveness of mushrooms and mushroom‐derived compounds as prebiotics in aquaculture. The challenges and future perspectives of mushroom‐derived bioactive molecules have been discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield of target organisms. A wide range of naturally derived compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, herbs, hormones, vitamins, and cytokines was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. The use of polysaccharides derived from natural resources, such as alginate, agar, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoidan, chitin, and chitosan, as supplementary feed in aquaculture species has been reported. Polysaccharides are prebiotic substances which are enhancing the immunity, disease resistance and growth of aquatic animals. Further, chitin (CT), chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) were recognized for their biodegradable properties and unique biological functions. The dietary effects of CT, CTS and COS at different inclusion levels on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in aquaculture species has been reviewed. The safety regulations, challenges and future outlooks of CT, CTS and COS in aquatic animals have been discussed in this review. • This review narrates the dietary role of chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides in aquaculture. • The immunostimulatory effects of chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides were reviewed. • Recent updates and safety regulations of chitin and their derivatives in aquafeeds were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The use of antibiotics in the feeds of cultivable aquatic animals has been generally practised to reduce infectious diseases as well as to improve the survival and growth. In recent years, many countries ban to aquatic animals due to the use of large amount of antibiotics and chemotherapies, thus alternative novel strategies are need to promote the growth of aquatic animals and control the pathogens. Dietary supplementation of marine-derived polysaccharides (MDPs) is one of the potential substitutes for antibiotics in aquatic animal feeds. Recently, the use of dietary MDPs in the aquaculture animals has been focused with much interest. In aquaculture, MDPs are used as prebiotic substance which is mostly accepted as a nutritional component for improving the growth performance and health conditions. Hence, present review is a comprehensive and an updated collection of available research reports on different MDPs (alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, laminarin, ulvan, galactan, agar, chitin and chitosan), route of administration, dosage and applications for improving aqua feeds with emphasis on its effects on growth, biochemical indices, immune response, gut microbiota and disease resistance of aquaculture animals. This review describes the sustainability of global aquaculture production by providing a best alternative to harmful antibiotics, thereby meeting the emerging consumer demand for antibiotic-free aquatic food products. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Application of MDPs as immunostimulants in aquatic animals was investigated. • Dietary MDPs can enhance growth and innate immune responses of aquatic animals. • Dietary MDPs can enhance the ability of aquatic animals to resistance the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aquaculture industries would be benefit if the cultured organisms were conferring with proper growth, feed supplements and resistance to diseases. In intensive farming, there are various constrains, such as stresses and disease which results in weakened immune system have been observed. Diseases spread rapidly and threatening the aquaculture industry leads to severe economic loss. Antibiotics and vaccines have been used to control various diseases in aquaculture industries, however, these practices can increase the resistant of pathogens, thus novel strategies are need to control the pathogens. In order to overcome the limiting factors of intensive culture probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotic have been used as dietary supplements. Among these, prebiotics are non-digestible feed ingredients that benefit the host in several ways by stimulating the growth and immune responses and help them in defence mechanism against pathogenic microbes as well as abiotic stressors. In aquaculture practice, fungal polysaccharides are prebiotic substance which is widely accepted as a nutritional component for regulating growth and health condition. The current review summarizes and discusses the potential uses of fungal polysaccharides on growth performance, immune response and diseases resistance of various fish and shrimp species. Highlights • The potential uses of fungal polysaccharides (prebiotics) on fish and shrimp aquaculture was investigated. • Dietary inclusion of fungal polysaccharides can enhance growth and innate immune responses of fish and shrimp. • Dietary inclusion of fungal polysaccharides can enhance the ability of fish and shrimp to resistance the microbial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]