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In this paper, two identical Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antennas (CDRA) are stacked together to achieve Circular Polarization (CP). Ultra wideband impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth is achieved by three factors: stacking of similar DRs, stepped conformal microstrip feed line which will generate orthogonal modes and new partial ground plane with circular rings. Measurement results show that the proposed stacked Cylindrical CPDRA achieves an Impedance Bandwidth (IBW) of (S11 < −10 dB) of 72.48% (3.65–7.8 GHz) and Axial Ratio Bandwidth (ARBW) (AR <3 dB) of 44.12% (4.38–6.86 GHz), respectively. In addition, the proposed antenna shows dominant Left Hand CP with gain ranges from 1.4 to 6.5 dBic with maximum radiation efficiency of 93.3%. The advantages and novel points of proposed research work is as follows: (i) The novel configuration of stacking CDRA's along with stepped microstrip feed enhances ARBW, (ii) New proposed partial ground plane with two circular rings provides enhancement in IBW, (iii) Simple design and small height of DRs produces enhanced IBW, ARBW, Gain and Efficiency. Furthermore, by changing the position of circular rings on ground plane, the proposed antenna provides dominant LHCP to RHCP conversion and achieves polarization reconfigurability. The proposed antenna configuration covers the frequency range of applications of C‐band and military satellite communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The length and width of the metallic gate layer are kept identical to the graphene patch when the external voltage is applied, ensuring that the fermi level is maintained consistently [[9], [34], [46]]. HT ht Graph (16)where HT ht is the Fermi-Dirac distribution given by HT ht . Keywords: antenna; circular polarization; impedance bandwidth; MIMO; terahertz EN antenna circular polarization impedance bandwidth MIMO terahertz 273 285 13 05/09/22 20220601 NES 220601 1 Introduction For the next generation communication system, Terahertz (THz) frequency spectrum is becoming choice of many wireless applications because of its wider bandwidth and high data rates [[1]], [[2]], [[3]]. [Extracted from the article]

We report a varactor-loaded tunable microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with reconfigurable center frequency and bandwidth. The effects of loading varactors at intercoupled stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) resonator and at tapped input/output port coupled-lines are studied. Tuning elements are properly loaded at the middle of the coupled-line sections for achieving tunable center frequency and bandwidth performance. Initial BPF (without loading varactors) is based on a half-wavelength (λg/2-) coupled stepped-impedance resonator (CSIR) structure. For the validation of the proposed concept, a hardware prototype is fabricated and characterized. A total of three varactors are used as the tuning elements. Only two dc control voltages are used for tuning the center frequency and bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]