1. A pilot randomized controlled trial of oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation using fortified laddoos in underprivileged Indian toddlers
- Author
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M. Z. Mughal, Shashi Chiplonkar, Veena Ekbote, N M Hanumante, Anuradha Khadilkar, and Vaman Khadilkar
- Subjects
Vitamin ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physiology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Administration, Oral ,India ,Pilot Projects ,Calcium ,vitamin D deficiency ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,Oral administration ,law ,Bone Density ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Medicine ,Humans ,Hypocalcaemia ,Cities ,Developing Countries ,Poverty ,Cholecalciferol ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,Surgery ,Diet ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Food, Fortified ,Female ,business - Abstract
Low habitual dietary calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency are common among Indian children. Using ‘laddoo’, an Indian snack, as a vehicle for administering calcium and vitamin D supplements, a randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted for 12 months to assess its efficacy on total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) in underprivileged toddlers. A total of 60 toddlers (mean age 2.7±0.52 years, boys=31) were randomized to two groups, (i) study group receiving one calcium fortified laddoo (cereal–legume snack) containing 405 mg calcium per day and (ii) control receiving a non-fortified laddoo, containing 156 mg of indigenous calcium. Both groups also received a laddoo fortified with 30 000 IU of vitamin D3 per month. Outcome measures included TBLH bone area (BA) and TBLH BMC by GE-Lunar DPX Pro Pencil Beam Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. At baseline, mean energy, protein and calcium intakes were 71, 72 and 47% of Indian Recommended Dietary allowances. In all, 87 and 83% toddlers were hypocalcaemia and vitamin D deficient, respectively. Mean TBLH BMC was 289.5±45.8 g. Post supplementation, mean TBLH BMC of study group showed a significantly greater (P
- Published
- 2011