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The GMT ratio of B.1 to Delta was 4.2, indicating a significant reduction in neutralization titers for Delta as compared with B.1 (Figure 1B). Keywords: first wave; second wave; neutralizing antibody; SARS CoV-2; variants of concerns; Delta variant; India EN first wave second wave neutralizing antibody SARS CoV-2 variants of concerns Delta variant India 1 3 3 06/08/22 20220401 NES 220401 The emergence of multiple variants of concerns like Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and other variants, such as Epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.1429), Zeta (P.2), Eta (B.1.525), Theta (P3), Iota (B.1.526) and Kappa (B.1.617.1) has contributed to the worldwide development of multiple waves of the formidable COVID-19 pandemic.[1] Mid-September 2020 was associated with a maximal spike in the daily cases in India, with its lowest case load in January 2021 during the first wave with the G Clade (with D614G mutation-B.1) being causal. [Extracted from the article]

Onchocerca volvulus is a spirurid nematode that mainly affects the rural poor of Sub-Saharan Africa, Yemen, and parts of Central and South America. River blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus is considered to be the second most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. We report a rare case of cutaneous Onchocerciasis from a non endemic area of North-East India. We could extract live adult worms from the subcutaneous lesions and also micro filariae from the skin nips. Onchocerca was confirmed based on its morphology. The patient has been subjected to therapy with ivermectin and doxycycline and is currently on regular follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Teneligliptin has shown good efficacy & tolerability in treatment of T2DM in various clinical trials. The present survey was aimed to seek & analyse feedback from teneligliptin prescribers on utilisation pattern in India. Methods: Questionnaire based survey was conducted with Indian teneligliptin prescribing clinicians. Results: Among total-281 clinician, who participated in this survey, 79.72% were general physician & 18.15% were endocrinologist. Cardiologist & nephrologist comprised of 1.78% & 0.36% respectively. Ninety-five percent of clinicians agreed that gliptins can be prescribed as first line in newly diagnosed T2DM and they also, prefer gliptins as 'first choice as add on drug for patients uncontrolled on monotherapy. Most, i.e. about 97% rated teneligliptin as efficacious as other gliptins. Moreover, 95% consider it to have advantage over other gliptin owing to its pharmacokinetic properties. About, 97% clinicians are considering teneligliptin plus Metformin as a choice in new diabetes patients with higher HbA1c. Teneligliptin was used by 29% of clinicians in patients who were suffering renal failure of any stage. While, 43% & 26% were using it in moderate & mild renal failure respectively. In diabetic patients associated with mild to moderate hepatic failure, 91% of clinicians have been considering it without dose adjustment. When asked about availability of limited cardiovascular safety data; 12% considers it as not a concern for prescribing teneligliptin. While 18% thinks that gliptins as a class have established cardiac safety profile, therefore teneligliptin also should not have such concern. 70% of clinician were in the thought that more data is required; however, teneligliptin can be prescribed based on available data. Conclusions: The present survey shows that teneligliptin is considered as efficacious & well tolerated gliptin; and it is being prescribed in wide range of T2DM patients in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teneligliptin - a recently launched gliptin in Indian market has gained significant popularity among practicing physicians for T2DM management because of its efficacy, safety and affordability. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the real life efficacy of teneligliptin when used as add on to other anti-diabetic drugs (ADDs). Materials and Methods: The physicians were requested to provide the details of patients prescribed with Teneligliptin as add on to ADDs. Data was collected between December 2015 and January 2016. Glycemic efficacy of teneligliptin assessed by analyzing the mean changes in HbA1c, fasting (FPG) and post prandial (PPG) plasma glucose after three months of duration. Paired t test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Metformin was used in all 58 patients. Teneligliptin most commonly used as triple drug therapy with metformin and sulfonylurea (glimepiride/gliclazide) in nearly 46% of patients. Dual therapy of teneligliptin and metformin was used in 13.08% of patients. Glimepiride, voglibose, insulin, gliclazide, pioglitazone and dapagliflozin was used in 68.97%, 29.31%, 12.06%, 10.34%, 6.90% and 0.17% of patients respectively. The mean daily dose of teneligliptin, metformin and glimepiride was 20 mg, 1043.1 mg and 2.80 mg respectively. There was statistically significant reduction in HbA1c (n = 54), FPG and PPG at the end of three months by 1.4%, 68.9 mg/dl and 88.2 mg/dl respectively. Proportion of patients achieving the HbA1c target of <7% was 35% in entire patients, 50% in patients receiving dual therapy of teneligliptin and metformin, and 42.31% in those receiving triple therapy of teneligliptin, metformin and sulfonylurea. Conclusion: In our retrospective real life evaluation; teneligliptin found to be used most commonly as second or third line option after metformin therapy and significantly improved glycemic profile of patients after three months of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Teneligliptin, the latest gliptin launched has become the most prescribed gliptin in India within short period of one year. Current data audit was planned to understand the characteristics of T2DM patients' prescribed with teneligliptin across India in real life clinical setting. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who were on teneligliptin was collected from prescribing physicians in a proforma. Information on demographic details, concomitant medications, comorbid conditions and glycemic parameters like HbA1c, fasting and post prandial glucose (FPG and PPG) levels was collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was done to study the results. Results: Total 10932 patients' data was analyzed. The mean age of entire population was 50.3 years with 58% of them being males. Teneligliptin was found to be used most commonly (32%) as triple drug combination with metformin and sulfonylurea followed by dual combination with metformin (22%). Moreover, 14% of patients were receiving teneligliptin as monotherapy, 10% were receiving teneligliptin in combination with insulin with or without other oral anti-diabetic drugs. At the time of starting teneligliptin, the mean HbA1c, FPG and PPG levels were 8.5%, 180.6 mg/dl and 260.6 mg/dl respectively. Hypertension (48%) and dyslipidemia (33%) were the most common co-morbid conditions with similar proportion of patients on anti-hypertensive (40%) and statin therapy (35%). Conclusion: This analysis shows that teneligliptin is prescribed in wide range of diabetic patient population in India & is being used most commonly as add on to ongoing antidiabetic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]