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5 results on '"Valdiosera C"'

1. Ancient individuals from the North American Northwest Coast reveal 10,000 years of regional genetic continuity.

Author

Lindo J, Achilli A, Perego UA, Archer D, Valdiosera C, Petzelt B, Mitchell J, Worl R, Dixon EJ, Fifield TE, Rasmussen M, Willerslev E, Cybulski JS, Kemp BM, DeGiorgio M, and Malhi RS

Subjects
Archaeology, Emigration and Immigration, Female, Humans, Male, Phylogeny, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genome, Mitochondrial, Genomics methods, Indians, North American genetics
Abstract

Recent genomic studies of both ancient and modern indigenous people of the Americas have shed light on the demographic processes involved during the first peopling. The Pacific Northwest Coast proves an intriguing focus for these studies because of its association with coastal migration models and genetic ancestral patterns that are difficult to reconcile with modern DNA alone. Here, we report the low-coverage genome sequence of an ancient individual known as "Shuká K áa" ("Man Ahead of Us") recovered from the On Your Knees Cave (OYKC) in southeastern Alaska (archaeological site 49-PET-408). The human remains date to ∼10,300 calendar (cal) y B.P. We also analyze low-coverage genomes of three more recent individuals from the nearby coast of British Columbia dating from ∼6,075 to 1,750 cal y B.P. From the resulting time series of genetic data, we show that the Pacific Northwest Coast exhibits genetic continuity for at least the past 10,300 cal y B.P. We also infer that population structure existed in the late Pleistocene of North America with Shuká K áa on a different ancestral line compared with other North American individuals from the late Pleistocene or early Holocene (i.e., Anzick-1 and Kennewick Man). Despite regional shifts in mtDNA haplogroups, we conclude from individuals sampled through time that people of the northern Northwest Coast belong to an early genetic lineage that may stem from a late Pleistocene coastal migration into the Americas., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2017
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2. POPULATION GENETICS. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans.

Author

Raghavan M, Steinrücken M, Harris K, Schiffels S, Rasmussen S, DeGiorgio M, Albrechtsen A, Valdiosera C, Ávila-Arcos MC, Malaspinas AS, Eriksson A, Moltke I, Metspalu M, Homburger JR, Wall J, Cornejo OE, Moreno-Mayar JV, Korneliussen TS, Pierre T, Rasmussen M, Campos PF, de Barros Damgaard P, Allentoft ME, Lindo J, Metspalu E, Rodríguez-Varela R, Mansilla J, Henrickson C, Seguin-Orlando A, Malmström H, Stafford T Jr, Shringarpure SS, Moreno-Estrada A, Karmin M, Tambets K, Bergström A, Xue Y, Warmuth V, Friend AD, Singarayer J, Valdes P, Balloux F, Leboreiro I, Vera JL, Rangel-Villalobos H, Pettener D, Luiselli D, Davis LG, Heyer E, Zollikofer CPE, Ponce de León MS, Smith CI, Grimes V, Pike KA, Deal M, Fuller BT, Arriaza B, Standen V, Luz MF, Ricaut F, Guidon N, Osipova L, Voevoda MI, Posukh OL, Balanovsky O, Lavryashina M, Bogunov Y, Khusnutdinova E, Gubina M, Balanovska E, Fedorova S, Litvinov S, Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Mosher MJ, Archer D, Cybulski J, Petzelt B, Mitchell J, Worl R, Norman PJ, Parham P, Kemp BM, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C, Sandhu MS, Crawford M, Villems R, Smith DG, Waters MR, Goebel T, Johnson JR, Malhi RS, Jakobsson M, Meltzer DJ, Manica A, Durbin R, Bustamante CD, Song YS, Nielsen R, and Willerslev E

Subjects
Americas, Gene Flow, Genomics, History, Ancient, Humans, Indians, North American genetics, Models, Genetic, Siberia, Human Migration history, Indians, North American history
Abstract

How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we found that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model., (Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2015
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3. The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man.

Author

Rasmussen M, Sikora M, Albrechtsen A, Korneliussen TS, Moreno-Mayar JV, Poznik GD, Zollikofer CPE, de León MP, Allentoft ME, Moltke I, Jónsson H, Valdiosera C, Malhi RS, Orlando L, Bustamante CD, Stafford TW Jr, Meltzer DJ, Nielsen R, and Willerslev E

Subjects
Americas, Genome, Human genetics, Genomics, Humans, Male, Skull anatomy & histology, Washington, Indians, North American genetics, Phylogeny, Skeleton
Abstract

Kennewick Man, referred to as the Ancient One by Native Americans, is a male human skeleton discovered in Washington state (USA) in 1996 and initially radiocarbon dated to 8,340-9,200 calibrated years before present (BP). His population affinities have been the subject of scientific debate and legal controversy. Based on an initial study of cranial morphology it was asserted that Kennewick Man was neither Native American nor closely related to the claimant Plateau tribes of the Pacific Northwest, who claimed ancestral relationship and requested repatriation under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). The morphological analysis was important to judicial decisions that Kennewick Man was not Native American and that therefore NAGPRA did not apply. Instead of repatriation, additional studies of the remains were permitted. Subsequent craniometric analysis affirmed Kennewick Man to be more closely related to circumpacific groups such as the Ainu and Polynesians than he is to modern Native Americans. In order to resolve Kennewick Man's ancestry and affiliations, we have sequenced his genome to ∼1× coverage and compared it to worldwide genomic data including for the Ainu and Polynesians. We find that Kennewick Man is closer to modern Native Americans than to any other population worldwide. Among the Native American groups for whom genome-wide data are available for comparison, several seem to be descended from a population closely related to that of Kennewick Man, including the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Colville), one of the five tribes claiming Kennewick Man. We revisit the cranial analyses and find that, as opposed to genome-wide comparisons, it is not possible on that basis to affiliate Kennewick Man to specific contemporary groups. We therefore conclude based on genetic comparisons that Kennewick Man shows continuity with Native North Americans over at least the last eight millennia.

Published
2015
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4. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans

Author

Raghavan, M., Steinrücken, M, Harris, M, Schiffels, Stephan, DeGiorgio, Michael, Albrechtsen, M, Valdiosera, M, Ávila-Arcos, M, Malaspinas, M, Eriksson, Anders, Moltke, M, Homburger, M, Wall, Jeff, Cornejo, Omar, Moreno-Mayar, M, Korneliussen, M, Pierre, M, Rasmussen, Rasmus, Campos, Paul, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Allentoft, M., Lindo, John, Metspalu, M., Rodríguez-Varela, Carlos, Mansilla, M, Henrickson, Celeste, Seguin-Orlando, M, Malmström, M, Stafford, M, Shringarpure, M, Moreno-Estrada, M, Karmin, M., Tambets, Kristiina, Bergström, Anders, Xue, Yali, Vera, Vera, Friend, Andrew, Singarayer, M, Valdes, Paul, Balloux, François, Leboreiro, M, Vera, M, Rangel-Villalobos, M, Pettener, David, Luiselli, Donata, Davis, Loren, Heyer, M, Zollikofer, Chris, Ponce de León, M, Smith, M, Grimes, John, Pike, John, Deal, John, Fuller, M, Arriaza, Bernardo, Standen, Vivien, Luz, M., Ricaut, M, Guidon, M, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, M., Posukh, Olga, Balanovsky, M, Lavryashina, M., Bogunov, M, Khusnutdinova, M, Gubina, M., Balanovska, M, Fedorova, M, Litvinov, Sergey, Malyarchuk, M, Derenko, M., Mosher, M., Archer, David, Cybulski, Jerome, Petzelt, Barbara, Mitchell, Joycelynn, Worl, Rosita, Norman, Paul, Parham, Peter, Kemp, Brian, Kivisild, Toomas, Smith, Chris, Sandhu, Manjinder, Crawford, Michael, Villems, Richard, Smith, David, Waters, Michael, Goebel, Ted, Johnson, John, Malhi, Ripan, Jakobsson, Mattias, Meltzer, David, Manica, Andrea, Durbin, Richard, Bustamante, Carlos, Song, Yun, Nielsen, Rasmus, Willerslev, Eske, Steinrucken, M., Harris, K., Rasmussen, S., Albrechtsen, A., Valdiosera, C., Avila-Arcos, M., Malaspinas, S., Moltke, I., Homburger, J., Moreno-Mayar, J., Korneliussen, S., Pierre, T., Rasmussen, M., Damgaard, P., Metspalu, E., Rodriguez-Varela, R., Mansilla, J., Seguin-Orlando, A., Malmstrom, H., Stafford, T., Shringarpure, S., Moreno-Estrada, A., Bergstrom, A., Warmuth, V., Singarayer, J., Leboreiro, I., Vera, J., Rangel-Villalobos, H., Heyer, E., Ponce De Leon, M., Grimes, V., Pike, K., Deal, M., Fuller, T., Ricaut, F., Guidon, N., Balanovsky, O., Bogunov, Y., Khusnutdinova, E., Balanovska, E., Fedorova, S., Malyarchuk, B., Norman, J., Kemp, M., Malhi, S., Meltzer, J., Song, S., Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Human Evolution, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Edinburgh, University of Bologna, Universidad de Tarapaca, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Health Science, Higher Education Centre Novo mesto, Departments of Chemistry and of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Department of Anthropology, Washington State University (WSU), Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre for Cybercrime and Computer Security [Newcastle], School of Computing Science [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Newcastle University [Newcastle], Strangeways Research Laboratory, MRC, UMR 6578 : Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle (UAABC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University [New York], Dept Integrat Biol, Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Austin Health-Centre for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Austin Hospital [Melbourne], Austin Health, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundaçao Museu do Homem Americano (FUMDHAM), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, parent, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Stanford University [Stanford], UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Cornell University, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Raghavan, Maanasa, Steinrücken, Matthia, Harris, Kelley, Schiffels, Stephan, Rasmussen, Simon, Degiorgio, Michael, Albrechtsen, Ander, Valdiosera, Cristina, Ávila-Arcos, María C., Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo, Eriksson, Ander, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Homburger, Julian R., Wall, Jeff, Cornejo, Omar E., Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn S., Pierre, Tracey, Rasmussen, Morten, Campos, Paula F., De Barros Damgaard, Peter, Allentoft, Morten E., Lindo, John, Metspalu, Ene, Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, Mansilla, Josefina, Henrickson, Celeste, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Malmstöm, Helena, Stafford, Thoma, Shringarpure, Suyash S., Moreno-Estrada, André, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Bergström, Ander, Xue, Yali, Warmuth, Vera, Friend, Andrew D., Singarayer, Joy, Valdes, Paul, Balloux, Francoi, Leboreiro, Ilán, Vera, Jose Lui, Rangel-Villalobos, Hector, Pettener, Davide, Luiselli, Donata, Davis, Loren G., Heyer, Evelyne, Zollikofer, Christoph P. E., Ponce De León, Marcia S., Smith, Colin I., Grimes, Vaughan, Pike, Kelly-Anne, Deal, Michael, Fuller, Benjamin T., Arriaza, Bernardo, Standen, Vivien, Luz, Maria F., Ricaut, Francoi, Guidon, Niede, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, Mikhail I., Posukh, Olga L., Balanovsky, Oleg, Lavryashina, Maria, Bogunov, Yuri, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Gubina, Marina, Balanovska, Elena, Fedorova, Sardana, Litvinov, Sergey, Malyarchuk, Bori, Derenko, Miroslava, Mosher, M.J., Archer, David, Cybulski, Jerome, Petzelt, Barbara, Mitchell, Joycelynn, Worl, Rosita, Norman, Paul J., Parham, Peter, Kemp, Brian M., Kivisild, Tooma, Tyler-Smith, Chri, Sandhu, Manjinder S., Crawford, Michael, Villems, Richard, Smith, David Glenn, Waters, Michael R., Goebel, Ted, Johnson, John R., Malhi, Ripan S., Jakobsson, Mattia, Meltzer, David J., Manica, Andrea, Durbin, Richard, Bustamante, Carlos D., Song, Yun S., Nielsen, Rasmu, Willerslev, Eske, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE, Gene Flow, Pleistocene, CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY, CLOVIS, MIGRATION, Human Migration, Population, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Population genetics, NEW-WORLD, America, Biology, Beringia, Gene flow, SOUTH-AMERICA, 03 medical and health sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, education, History, Ancient, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, CONDITIONAL SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, Models, Genetic, Human migration, business.industry, Medicine (all), 06 humanities and the arts, BRAZIL, MODEL, Siberia, South american, ORIGINS, Genomic, Indians, North American, Ethnology, Athabascans, business, Human
Abstract

How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome wide data we found that the ancestors of all present day Native Americans including Athabascans and Amerindians entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000 year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present day East Asians (including Siberians) and more distantly Australo Melanesians. Putative “Paleoamerican” relict populations including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego Patagonians are not directly related to modern Australo Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model. INTRODUCTION The consensus view on the peopling of the Americas is that ancestors of modern Native Americans entered the Americas from Siberia via the Bering Land Bridge and that this occurred at least {\textasciitilde}14.6 thousand years ago (ka). However the number and timing of migrations into the Americas remain controversial with conflicting interpretations based on anatomical and genetic evidence. RATIONALE In this study we address four major unresolved issues regarding the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans: (i) the timing of their divergence from their ancestral group (ii) the number of migrations into the Americas (iii) whether there was {\textasciitilde}15000 years of isolation of ancestral Native Americans in Beringia (Beringian Incubation Model) and (iv) whether there was post Pleistocene survival of relict populations in the Americas related to Australo Melanesians as suggested by apparent differences in cranial morphologies between some early (“Paleoamerican”) remains and those of more recent Native Americans. We generated 31 high coverage modern genomes from the Americas Siberia and Oceania; 23 ancient genomic sequences from the Americas dating between {\textasciitilde}0.2 and 6 ka; and SNP chip genotype data from 79 present day individuals belonging to 28 populations from the Americas and Siberia. The above data sets were analyzed together with published modern and ancient genomic data from worldwide populations after masking some present day Native Americans for recent European admixture. RESULTS Using three different methods we determined the divergence time for all Native Americans (Athabascans and Amerindians) from their Siberian ancestors to be {\textasciitilde}20 ka and no earlier than {\textasciitilde}23 ka. Furthermore we dated the divergence between Athabascans (northern Native American branch together with northern North American Amerindians) and southern North Americans and South and Central Americans (southern Native American branch) to be {\textasciitilde}13 ka. Similar divergence times from East Asian populations and a divergence time between the two branches that is close in age to the earliest well established archaeological sites in the Americas suggest that the split between the branches occurred within the Americas. We additionally found that several sequenced Holocene individuals from the Americas are related to present day populations from the same geographical regions implying genetic continuity of ancient and modern populations in some parts of the Americas over at least the past 8500 years. Moreover our results suggest that there has been gene flow between some Native Americans from both North and South America and groups related to East Asians and Australo Melanesians the latter possibly through an East Asian route that might have included ancestors of modern Aleutian Islanders. Last using both genomic and morphometric analyses we found that historical Native American groups such as the Pericúes and Fuego Patagonians were not “relicts” of Paleoamericans and hence our results do not support an early migration of populations directly related to Australo Melanesians into the Americas. CONCLUSION Our results provide an upper bound of {\textasciitilde}23 ka on the initial divergence of ancestral Native Americans from their East Asian ancestors followed by a short isolation period of no more than {\textasciitilde}8000 years and subsequent entrance and spread across the Americas. The data presented are consistent with a single migration model for all Native Americans with later gene flow from sources related to East Asians and indirectly Australo Melanesians. The single wave diversified {\textasciitilde}13 ka likely within the Americas giving rise to the northern and southern branches of present day Native Americans. View larger version: In this page In a new window Download PowerPoint Slide for Teaching Population history of present day Native Americans.The ancestors of all Native Americans entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia (purple) no earlier than {\textasciitilde}23 ka separate from the Inuit (green) and diversified into “northern” and “southern” Native American branches {\textasciitilde}13 ka. There is evidence of post divergence gene flow between some Native Americans and groups related to East Asians/Inuit and Australo Melanesians (yellow). Genetic history of Native Americans Several theories have been put forth as to the origin and timing of when Native American ancestors entered the Americas. To clarify this controversy Raghavan et al. examined the genomic variation among ancient and modern individuals from Asia and the Americas. There is no evidence for multiple waves of entry or recurrent gene flow with Asians in northern populations. The earliest migrations occurred no earlier than 23000 years ago from Siberian ancestors. Amerindians and Athabascans originated from a single population splitting approximately 13000 years ago. Science this issue 10.1126/science.aab3884

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5. POPULATION GENETICS. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans

Author

Maanasa, Raghavan, Matthias, Steinrücken, Kelley, Harris, Stephan, Schiffels, Simon, Rasmussen, Michael, DeGiorgio, Anders, Albrechtsen, Cristina, Valdiosera, María C, Ávila-Arcos, Anna-Sapfo, Malaspinas, Anders, Eriksson, Ida, Moltke, Mait, Metspalu, Julian R, Homburger, Jeff, Wall, Omar E, Cornejo, J Víctor, Moreno-Mayar, Thorfinn S, Korneliussen, Tracey, Pierre, Morten, Rasmussen, Paula F, Campos, Peter, de Barros Damgaard, Morten E, Allentoft, John, Lindo, Ene, Metspalu, Ricardo, Rodríguez-Varela, Josefina, Mansilla, Celeste, Henrickson, Andaine, Seguin-Orlando, Helena, Malmström, Thomas, Stafford, Suyash S, Shringarpure, Andrés, Moreno-Estrada, Monika, Karmin, Kristiina, Tambets, Anders, Bergström, Yali, Xue, Vera, Warmuth, Andrew D, Friend, Joy, Singarayer, Paul, Valdes, Francois, Balloux, Ilán, Leboreiro, Jose Luis, Vera, Hector, Rangel-Villalobos, Davide, Pettener, Donata, Luiselli, Loren G, Davis, Evelyne, Heyer, Christoph P E, Zollikofer, Marcia S, Ponce de León, Colin I, Smith, Vaughan, Grimes, Kelly-Anne, Pike, Michael, Deal, Benjamin T, Fuller, Bernardo, Arriaza, Vivien, Standen, Maria F, Luz, Francois, Ricaut, Niede, Guidon, Ludmila, Osipova, Mikhail I, Voevoda, Olga L, Posukh, Oleg, Balanovsky, Maria, Lavryashina, Yuri, Bogunov, Elza, Khusnutdinova, Marina, Gubina, Elena, Balanovska, Sardana, Fedorova, Sergey, Litvinov, Boris, Malyarchuk, Miroslava, Derenko, M J, Mosher, David, Archer, Jerome, Cybulski, Barbara, Petzelt, Joycelynn, Mitchell, Rosita, Worl, Paul J, Norman, Peter, Parham, Brian M, Kemp, Toomas, Kivisild, Chris, Tyler-Smith, Manjinder S, Sandhu, Michael, Crawford, Richard, Villems, David Glenn, Smith, Michael R, Waters, Ted, Goebel, John R, Johnson, Ripan S, Malhi, Mattias, Jakobsson, David J, Meltzer, Andrea, Manica, Richard, Durbin, Carlos D, Bustamante, Yun S, Song, Rasmus, Nielsen, Eske, Willerslev, Raghavan M, Steinrücken M, Harris K, Schiffels S, Rasmussen S, DeGiorgio M, Albrechtsen A, Valdiosera C, Ávila-Arcos MC, Malaspinas AS, Eriksson A, Moltke I, Metspalu M, Homburger JR, Wall J, Cornejo OE, Moreno-Mayar JV, Korneliussen TS, Pierre T, Rasmussen M, Campos PF, Damgaard Pde B, Allentoft ME, Lindo J, Metspalu E, Rodríguez-Varela R, Mansilla J, Henrickson C, Seguin-Orlando A, Malmström H, Stafford T Jr, Shringarpure SS, Moreno-Estrada A, Karmin M, Tambets K, Bergström A, Xue Y, Warmuth V, Friend AD, Singarayer J, Valdes P, Balloux F, Leboreiro I, Vera JL, Rangel-Villalobos H, Pettener D, Luiselli D, Davis LG, Heyer E, Zollikofer CP, Ponce de León MS, Smith CI, Grimes V, Pike KA, Deal M, Fuller BT, Arriaza B, Standen V, Luz MF, Ricaut F, Guidon N, Osipova L, Voevoda MI, Posukh OL, Balanovsky O, Lavryashina M, Bogunov Y, Khusnutdinova E, Gubina M, Balanovska E, Fedorova S, Litvinov S, Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Mosher MJ, Archer D, Cybulski J, Petzelt B, Mitchell J, Worl R, Norman PJ, Parham P, Kemp BM, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C, Sandhu MS, Crawford M, Villems R, Smith DG, Waters MR, Goebel T, Johnson JR, Malhi RS, Jakobsson M, Meltzer DJ, Manica A, Durbin R, Bustamante CD, Song YS, Nielsen R, and Willerslev E

Subjects
Gene Flow, Siberia, Models, Genetic, Athabascans and Amerindians, Human Migration, Genetic history of Native American, Indians, North American, Humans, Genomics, Americas, Population genetic, History, Ancient, Article
Abstract

How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we find that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (KYA), and after no more than 8,000-year isolation period in Beringia. Following their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 KYA, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other is restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative ‘Paleoamerican’ relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model.

Published
2015

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