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Aims: The aims of this systematic review were to (1) identify assessment approaches of Indigenous food sovereignty using the core domains of community ownership, inclusion of traditional food knowledge, inclusion/promotion of cultural foods and environmental/intervention sustainability, (2) describe Indigenous research methodologies when assessing Indigenous food sovereignty., Methods: Guided by Indigenous members of the research team, a systematic review across four databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO) was performed. Studies in any language from 1996 to 2021, that used one or more of the core domains (identified from a recent scoping review) of community ownership, inclusion of traditional food knowledge, inclusion/promotion of cultural foods and environmental/intervention sustainability were included., Results: From 20 062 records, after exclusion criteria were applied, 34 studies were included. Indigenous food sovereignty assessment approaches were mostly qualitative (n = 17) or mixed methods (n = 16), with interviews the most utilised (n = 29), followed by focus groups and meetings (n = 23) and validated frameworks (n = 7) as assessment tools. Indigenous food sovereignty assessment approaches were mostly around inclusion of traditional food knowledge (n = 21), or environmental/intervention sustainability (n = 15). Community-Based Participatory Research approaches were utilised across many studies (n = 26), with one-third utilising Indigenous methods of inquiry. Acknowledgement of data sovereignty (n = 6) or collaboration with Indigenous researchers (n = 4) was limited., Conclusion: This review highlights Indigenous food sovereignty assessment approaches in the literature worldwide. It emphasises the importance of using Indigenous research methodologies in research conducted by or with Indigenous Peoples and acknowledges Indigenous communities should lead future research in this area., (© 2023 The Authors. Nutrition & Dietetics published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Dietitians Australia.)

Competing Interests: DMK reports travel support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development to attend as an observer to the UNPFII. GR reports travel support from the National Indian Health Board (NIHB) to attend meetings on the Indigenous determinants of health, an NIHB conference, and the World Health Assembly meeting in Geneva, and travel support from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (secretariat to the UNPFII) to attend the UNPFII as an unpaid Expert Member and Vice Chair of the UNPFII. All other authors report no competing interests. NR, PR, DKW, AK, and GR were volunteer coauthors of the study Indigenous determinants of health in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development(7) that is discussed in this Comment; PR, DMK, DKW, and AK were in attendance at the UNPFII meeting as observers.