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Students in elementary gifted class use discovery to learn about life in industrial New England. Taking multiple days to analyze this topic, students use artifacts (chairs), discussion, and primary sources to explore the politics of the 1830s. They examine the workings of Hitchcockville, Connecticut, and a Massachusetts Shaker colony. Students must use evidence to see the rise of industrialism and the reactions society had to it; the chairs reflect the geography, history, economics, and politics of the Age of Jackson. Students examine a parallel Shaker community that lived and worshipped together--people who rejected the industrial age and attempted to insulate themselves from the problems of the age. During this process gifted students unite in examining two artifacts and make discipline connections demonstrating the interrelatedness of the content. The artifacts or cultural materials are dependent upon student interpretation through critical thinking. This article discusses how artifacts can be used to teach about the rise and rejection of industrialism in the young republic. Gifted students find using artifacts important because it allows them to make connections between physical objects and ideas. They can think about these ideas to make evaluations when they compare two cultures. The reactions of the two groups to the Industrial Revolution give students opportunities to critically examine unrestrained capitalism. (Contains 9 online resources and 12 notes.)

This article examines the relationship between managerialism and academic professionalism in English universities. Managerialist ideology has introduced to higher education a range of discourses and practices originating in the corporate world. According to much of the existing literature this is leading to feelings of proletarianisation and deprofessionalisation amongst academics. It is argued here that this somewhat depressing portrait may be overly pessimistic. Following a Foucauldian epistemology, this article presents the findings of an empirical study that suggest a willingness to tolerate managerialist modes of governance provided autonomous niches can be protected. The findings indicate constructive interaction and interdependence between managerialism and academic professionalism, in which academics exploit strategies of power to manage and reconstitute their self-concept within an evolutionary context. As such, they are instrumental in realigning power relations and sustaining managerialism as a mode of university governance. (Contains 2 tables.)

Aspects of developing countries that may make computer-integrated manufacturing inappropriate include (1) inadequate infrastructure; (2) lack of capital; (3) policies regarding use of local products; (4) many small and medium-sized businesses; and (5) management practices. Higher productivity depends more on skilled management and workers and more rational work organization. (SK)

Describes rise of rural industries in People's Republic of China following 1978 reforms. Discusses government's emphasis on urban industrialization, role of rural agricultural production, rural incomes, and policy changes. Describes new industrialization, combining peasant and modern economies, and resulting increases in rural employment and development. (TES)

Japan is often likened to a giant corporation--Japan Inc.--in which the educational credentials of its employees largely determine their social and economic status. This first international report of 1983 discusses why the U.S. should study the pros and cons of the Japanese educational system. (SSH)

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the STIRPAT model was developed to study the role of financial development in urban low-carbon economic transformation. The statistical analysis used data from 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2009 to 2019. The results show that: (1) there is a positive U-shaped nonlinear relationship between financial development and urban low-carbon economic transformation. (2) Financial development not only directly affects the transformation of the low-carbon economy, but also indirectly affects it through three transmission channels: environmental regulation, industrial structure, and urbanization. (3) The financial development itself and the level of urbanization have a threshold effect on the transformation of the low-carbon economy. Under the threshold effect of environmental regulation and industrial structure, the role of financial development in the transformation of low-carbon economies presents a process of 'first decrease and then increase'. Therefore, improving the intensity of environmental regulation, implementing differentiated financial and industrial development policies, and controlling the urbanization process are effective measures to promote the transformation of low-carbon economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the practical needs of the people to equitably share the fruits of economic development, urban economic construction should be based on the coordinated development of the environment and the economy, which means that high-quality urban development should be realized through a greener and more inclusive path. Under the wave of the fourth industrial revolution, industrial intelligence, characterized by the application of industrial robots, provides an opportunity to promote the green and inclusive development of Chinese cities. Based on the construction of the Malmquist-Luenberger index to scientifically measure the level of inclusive green growth in cities, this study empirically examined the impact of industrial intelligence development on inclusive green growth and its internal mechanisms based on industrial robot application data from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) from 2007 to 2020 and city-level data in China using various models. The study found that: (1) Industrial intelligence significantly contributed to inclusive green growth in cities, and the effect was more obvious in cities with lower financial support, a higher level of information infrastructure construction, and greater innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics, demonstrating significant heterogeneity in geographical location characteristics. (2) As far as the channels of action were concerned, industrial intelligence was mainly realized through the channels of promoting digital technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading. (3) The development of industrial intelligence had a positive spatial spillover effect on the enhancement of the inclusive green level of cities. Furthermore, if the driving effect could be effectively realized, the regional sustainable development capacity would be effectively enhanced. This paper seeks to enrich the empirical evidence and empirical research on the benefits of industrial intelligence development in promoting inclusive green growth in cities and to provide policy references for the development of smart manufacturing and inclusive green economic growth in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐carbon sustainable development is considered an essential strategy for achieving economic growth and environmental protection, requiring a fundamental transformation of the industrial structure, including developing clean technologies, promoting energy efficiency, and adopting sustainable production and consumption patterns. Simultaneously, the evolving digital economy is acknowledged as an essential driver in optimizing the industrial structure. Therefore, can digital economy development reshape the industrial structure and lead to low‐carbon sustainable development? The main purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of industrial structure upgrading in the relationship between the digital economy and low‐carbon development. Its ultimate purpose is to explore more possible paths to achieve low‐carbon development. This paper builds a regression model based on the data of cities. We found that digital economic development can directly promote low‐carbon sustainable development, a conclusion that still holds after endogeneity discussion and robustness testing. Additionally, digital economy development can promote industrial structure upgrading and thus promote low‐carbon sustainable development, meaning that industrial structure upgrading is an effective mechanism for digital economy development to promote low‐carbon sustainable development. This paper provides empirical evidence for the positive environmental externalities of digital economic development and establishes a basic research framework of "digital economic development → industrial structure upgrading → low‐carbon sustainable development." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency is vital for addressing climate change and reducing carbon emissions in emerging economies. Financial development (FD) is crucial for economic growth, and its environmental impact and the adjustment of the industrial structure (IND) is a crucial lever in China's economic transition period. This study explored the relationship between FD, IND, and China's green total factor productivity (GTFEE) from 2000 to 2020 using the super-efficiency SBM-undesirable model, which estimates China's GTFEE. The ARDL results suggest that FD and IND enhance GTFEE in the long term, with FD promoting GTFEE by facilitating industrial structure adjustments. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality tests supported this finding. The QRPD panel quantile regression and heterogeneity analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in the effects. With increasing GTFEE, FD exerts a restraining effect, gradually weakening and transitioning into a promoting effect, while the IND consistently plays a promoting role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By presenting a two-sector DGE model, this paper investigates the relative misallocation coefficients for capital and labor within three industries in China from 1993 to 2018, then discusses the effect of factor misallocation and factor substitution elasticity on the labor income share. The following three conclusions were reached. (1) The overall labor income share reduced due to the industrialization before 2007, but after 2007 it increased by promoting the proportion of services. (2) Compared with the situation without barriers, the cross-industry factor misallocation reduced the proportion of labor in manufacturing by 44% during industrialization and in services by 5.05% during de-industrialization, respectively. (3) Eliminating the factor misallocation could raise the labor income share by 4.6% in industrialization, but it shows a weak effect during de-industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expressway is an important pillar of economic development and has a significant impact on the transformation of regional industrial structure. This study analyzes the optimization of the industrial structure and spatial distribution of three industries using relevant statistical data from Sichuan Province, China. It also assesses the influence of expressways on the change in industrial structures using a difference-in-differences model. The results indicate that regions with well-developed expressway networks generated high-added value for the three industry sectors. The introduction of expressways upgraded the industrial structure of mountainous regions with rich tourism resources, increasing the added value of the tertiary industry and constricting the secondary industry. While aiding the overall development of the regional economy, expressways optimized the industrial structure and guided the transformation of the secondary industry, along with the development of the tertiary industry. Similarly, the private-sector economy also developed rapidly owing to the introduction of expressways. This study would serve as a useful reference for studying the relationship between expressways and regional economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By taking China's high-speed railway (HSR) network construction as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper uses the trend score matching and double difference methods to analyse the industrial structure transformation industrial intelligence development of the Chinese prefectural cities under the influence of the policy for HSR from 2006 to 2018. The research shows that the urban high-speed rail network connection has a positive effect on the transformation and upgrading of urban industrial structure. However, despite lagging, the effect still exerts a significant long-term mechanism after its peak. Considering the locations, population sizes, and main functions of HSR cities in terms of space, their specific impact on industrial restructuring and the efficiency of industrial agglomeration and evolution vary. Overall, the construction of HSR could facilitate the cities with leading economies and exert a significant reinforcing effect on medium-sized cities. The western cities, small cities, and cities with industrial bases but underdeveloped service industries should better use the strong policies to promote local industrial transformation and upgrading under the long-term mechanism of HSR network construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's largest developing nation, China has emerged as the predominant carbon emitter due to its swift industrialization and urbanization. Achieving low-carbon development in China necessitates a tailored approach that accounts for each city's unique industrial phase, technological advancements, urbanization level, and resources. This research endeavors to elucidate the nonlinear mechanism influencing carbon emissions in Chinese cities using a machine-learning framework, drawing on panel data from 290 cities from 2000 to 2017. The result indicates that China is experiencing a transition in the primary drivers of carbon emissions from the agriculture sector to the industrial and service sectors. A city transitions to the carbon decoupling phase when the outputs of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries surpass 1500, 125,000, and 100,000 CNY per capita, respectively. Additionally, we observed that expanding the urban built-up area beyond 10% can significantly mitigate carbon emission intensity. However, the study also highlights a critical challenge: the initial emission-reducing effects of innovation in burgeoning high-tech industries are negated by the higher emissions from traditional industries. Moreover, our analysis indicates that R&D investments exceeding RMB 8000 per capita may paradoxically lead to an increase in emissions. With these conclusions of nonlinearity, we emphasize designing policies tailored to the specificities of each city, stressing the importance of adaptability in policy creation. • The carbon emission of the secondary sector is decoupled as output rises. • High tertiary sector output per capita will reduce carbon emissions. • Technological application limits the carbon-reducing effect of innovation output. • Traditional industries mask the low-emission from technological innovation. • Constructing accurate nonlinear driving patterns by ensemble learning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the non-parametric DEA-Malmquist method, this paper estimates the total factor productivities of the 33 industrial sectors in China for 2002–2014. The proposed industrial restructuring measurement is based on total factor productivity rates. This paper utilizes panel data from Chinese industrial sectors and observes the effects of labor costs and industrial restructuring on economic growth approaches. The results show a clear effect of labor cost increases and industrial restructuring in promoting the transformation of economic growth modes. To transform the mode of China's industrial economic development, improving labor quality, accumulating human capital, and industrial restructuring should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tang, M.; Wang, H., and Huang, W., 2019. The influence of industrial policy on the industrial economy of the urban agglomeration around the coast of Hangzhou Bay. In: Yu, T.-s. (ed.), Environmental Sustainability: Water Resources Integrated Management and the Development of Coastal Environments. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 96, pp. 32–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper first defines and clarifies the theoretical framework of industrial policy and industrial structure, and then analyzes the relationship between industrial policy and industrial structure of Hangzhou Bay through case studies about domestic and international cases and empirical research. The results revealed from the present study will have important theoretical and practical implication for governments to improve the relationship between industrial policy and industrial structure, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the industrial structure of Hangzhou Bay. The main results are: first, from 2000 to 2018, the urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay (UAHB) has grown more than ten times, but there are considerable differences among different cities; second, the growth rate of the output of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries of UAHB is less than the growth rate of the output of the whole country, and there are significant differences among the output values of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries of different cities; third, the industries in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, and Zhoushan are highly complementary, and the industrial structure problems brought by their capital are more serious than the problems brought by labor force; fourth, the total number of industrial policies and tertiary industry policies of the cities increased year by year, but the number of policy about the secondary industry begins to decrease. According to results revealed from a literature review and interviews with experts, this paper suggests that the urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay should focus more on the planning of policies about the development of the second industry. In making the policies, it is suggested to consider factors such as technological development, high quality, macroeconomic and microeconomic factors (e.g. market competition, administrative monopoly, scale discrimination and industrial clusters), and the latest industrial policies implemented in developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwan Economic Forecast & Policy is the property of Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Economic Forecast & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article uses industrial employment data at U.S. commuting zone level to test two widely debated propositions about related variety and industrial growth. Our empirical investigations confirm that related variety and specialization have positive interaction effects on industrial employment growth and that the impacts of related variety on industrial growth are much stronger in manufacturing sectors than in nonmanufacturing sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first estimates the energy-related carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and carbon intensity of China's 30 provinces from 2000 to 2015. By constructing a 4-variable Panel Vector Auto-regression (PVAR) model, the paper quantitatively analyzes the dynamic relationship among urbanization, industrial structure, energy and carbon intensity in China during urbanization and industrialization stage. The results show that urbanization process and the advancement of industrial structure are consistent with the optimization goals of energy and carbon intensity. In the long term, energy and carbon intensity will decline with the development of urbanization and the advancement of industrial structure. But urbanization process has an inverted U-shaped effect on energy and carbon intensity, while the influence of industrial structure advancement on energy and carbon intensity increases over time. In contrast, the positive impact of energy intensity on carbon intensity is mainly reflected in the short term. This paper confirms the importance of urbanization and upgrading of industrial structure in the goal of energy saving and emissions reduction. Thus, this paper suggests that each province should adopt the upgrading of industrial structure as one of the policy goals, and constantly promote new urbanization process, following their own development characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial structure adjustment is one solution for responding economic slowdown and environmental problems occurred during China’s rapid industrialization. Such an adjustment may also lead to carbon emission reduction since it encourages industrial innovation and resource efficiency. However, few studies have been conducted on examining the effect of industrial structure adjustment on carbon emission reduction. Under such a circumstance, this study develops an integrated evaluation model based on Input-Output Analysis and Social Network Analysis to quantify the evolutionary trends of industrial structure, demonstrate the inner-relationship between different sectors and investigate the industrial structure-related carbon emissions. China and Japan were selected as case study countries. Results show that industrial structure was gradually improved in China and various connections were established between different sectors. For Japan, the industrial network densities were lower than for China and exhibited a downward trend that reflected the weakened relationship between different industries. Service sectors dominated the Japanese economy, as shown by the relatively higher degree centrality and betweenness centrality of service sectors. The electricity and heat production sector was further investigated to illustrate the industrial structure-related carbon emissions. Finally, this study concluded that compared to the industrial structure features in a developed country, such as Japan, China’s industrialization is still in its infancy. Thus, it is crucial to prepare industrial structure adjust policies so that the overall social-economic performance can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of a country's economic development not only increases the gross national product, but is also bound to change with the development of the industrial structure. Using the industrial structure in the United States as a frame of reference in this paper, we compared China's industrial structure system to US's through specific gravity value, the proportion of employment, industrial deviation comparing labor productivity and other indicators. According to the comparison of two in the industry structure and development, it could be summed up that China's first industry proportion continued to decline, but the proportion and structure of the deviation is still high; proportion of secondary industry output value rise slowly, and manufacturing is at the bottom end of the value chain; third industry proportion is too small, and the internal structure of development is imperfect. The traditional service such as catering, wholesale and retail, is still the main issue. Then the paper proposes suggestions to continue to consolidate the status of agriculture as the foundation to improve the educational level of the rural population, restructure secondary industrial to accelerate the development of labor-intensive industries, increase investment in science and technology research; then persist in promoting the production of services, improving the internal structure of the tertiary industry. This article attempts to provide the basis and reference for the Chinese government's industrial restructuring policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrial development consumes a large amount of water and energy, which causes both urban water shortages and massive carbon emissions. Therefore, optimization of the urban industrial structure is urgently required to pursue the low-carbon goal under the constraints of water supply. In this paper, we chose Dalian city in China as a case study and divided its industrial sectors into three types according to their output value. Meanwhile, we used the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method to decompose the factors that impact industrial carbon emissions from energy consumption. Based on the ratio of the carbon emission effects, five scenarios were set respectively, and accounted for the carbon emissions and water consumption under different scenarios of industrial structure. The results indicated that the economic growth effect was the most significant factor that contributed to industrial carbon emissions, while industrial structure effect was the largest negative factor for increasing industrial carbon emissions. The results also indicated that the total carbon emissions under the HOV (high output-value)-preferred and water-conserved scenario will be lower by 8.5% in 2020 than the baseline scenario, while both its energy intensity and water intensity will meet the requirements of the constraints of the urban development planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cursory look at South Africa's energy data reveals that, energy intensity has consistently declined for the past two decades. The logical question that ensues is; what might have contributed to this phenomenon? The current study aims to investigate how different phenomena have contributed to the decline in South Africa's energy intensity. The study also tests for structural effects in the model parameters. The result showed that the de-industrialisation since 1980 and the changes in trade structure in favour of more imports have contributed significantly to the decline in energy intensity, in South Africa. Also, the current industry composition has induced technological transfer via FDI (Foreign direct inflows) and this has contributed to the decline in energy intensity levels, in South Africa. The individual effect analyses showed that each of the predictors shared significant amount of variance with the regression effect. Finally, there are significant structural effects in the parameters, and this has rendered the effects of regressors asymmetric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: There is a close relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization. the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces in costal areas. Design/methodology/approach: The author uses the modern econometric methods by panel unit root test, cointegration test, random effects models and fixed effects models, and the data of FDI (2000-2012), urbanization rate, industrial structure and regional GDP of Nanjing, Xuzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and other 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other 19 cities in Guangdong province, researches the relationship between FDI and urbanization rate. Findings: Models show, FDI was closely correlated with urbanization rate in Jiangsu province and Guangdong province, the highly correlated with industrial structure, while it negatively correlated with the growth of GDP, and the degree of correlation is not high in Jiangsu province, but the high negative correlation in Guangdong province. The results shows the industrial structure and the urbanization rate mainly cause FDI growth. Research limitations/implications: There are many provinces in costal areas of China, this paper just research the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in Jiangsu province and Guangdong province, there are some limitations in the study areas and results. Originality/value: The study was the first to successfully apply on random effects model and fixed effects model to study the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in coastal areas by competitive analysis. Guangdong and Jiangsu province are the most developed regions, they are the most representative provinces in costal areas of China. Taking these two province as an example, we can analyze the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in central and western regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the resilience of Irish regions during the course of the post- 2007 economic crisis, focusing specifically on employment change in firms in receipt of assistance from the Irish government's enterprise development agencies. The paper classifies both regions and sectors in terms of their employment performance both before and during the recession and employs a number of techniques to assess the roles of sectoral composition, firm nationality and other factors in shaping the recession's regional impact. While nationality mix is significant, sectoral composition is seen as having a more important impact on regional employment performance. Other factors also have an important role in some regions, but their precise nature remains unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through overview of relevant literature and on the basis of basically grasping frontier study and development trend, this paper discussed the grain security from industrial structure, farmland protection, grain import, urbanization and industrialization, gain reserve, ecological protection, and grain security pre-warning, in the hope of providing some convenience and reference for future related researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The paper explores the effects of industrial structure caused by FDI from the aspects of scale and structure by using empirical analysis method. Especially, the paper analyses the impacts of FDI in secondary sector which absorbs the largest portion of FDI. Empirical evidence indicates that we should build up better investment environment to attract more inflow to tertiary industries and bring into the positive foreign capital spillover so as to realize the country's industrial structure upgrading. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]