7 results on '"Bayet, Laurie"'
Search Results
2. The development of facial expressions perception
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Bayet, Laurie, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Grenoble Alpes, Olivier Pascalis, Édouard Gentaz, and STAR, ABES
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[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Emotion ,Enfant ,Facial expression ,Nourrisson ,Face ,Infant ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Perception ,Children ,Visage ,Expression faciale ,Émotion - Abstract
This thesis addressed the question of how the perception of emotional facial expressions develops, reframing it in the theoretical framework of face perception: the separation of variant (expression, gaze) and invariant (gender, race) streams, the role of experience, and social attention. More specifically, we investigated how in infants and children the perception of angry, smiling, or fearful facial expressions interacts with gender perception (Studies 1-2), gaze perception (Study 3), and face detection (Study 4).In a first study, we found that adults and 5-12 year-old children tend to categorize angry faces as male (Study 1). Comparing human performance with that of several automatic classifiers suggested that this reflects a strategy of using specific features and second-order relationships in the face to categorize gender. The bias was constant over all ages studied and extended to other-race faces, further suggesting that it doesn't require extensive experience. A second set of studies examined whether, in infants, the perception of smiling depends on experience-sensitive, invariant dimensions of the face such as gender and race (Study 2). Indeed, infants are typically most familiar with own-race female faces. The visual preference of 3.5 month-old infants for open-mouth, own-race smiling (versus neutral) faces was restricted to female faces and reversed in male faces. The effect did not replicate with own- or other-race closed-mouth smiles. We attempted to extend these results to an object-referencing task in 3.5-, 9- and 12-month-olds (Study 3). Objects previously referenced by smiling faces attracted similar attention as objects previously cued by neutral faces, regardless of age group and face gender, and despite differences in gaze following. Finally, we used univariate (face side preference) and multivariate (face versus noise side decoding evidence) trial-level measures of face detection, coupled with non-linear mixed modeling of psychometric curves, to reveal the detection advantage of fearful faces (compared to smiling faces) embedded in phase-scrambled noise in 3.5-, 6-, and 12-month-old infants (Study 4). The advantage was as or more evident in the youngest group than in the two older age groups.Taken together, these results provide insights into the early ontogeny and underlying cause of gender-emotion relationships in face perception and the sensitivity to fear., Cette thèse se propose d'examiner le développement de la perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles en le replaçant dans le cadre théorique de la perception des visages: séparation entre aspects variants (expression, regard) et invariants (genre, type), rôle de l'expérience, attention sociale. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence l'existence, tant chez l'enfant que chez le nourrisson, d'interactions réciproques entre la perception d'expressions faciales de colère, de sourire ou de peur et la perception du genre (Études 1-2), la perception du regard (Étude 3), et la détection des visages (Étude 4).Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que les adultes et les enfants de 5 à 12 ans tendent à catégoriser les visages en colère comme masculins (Étude 1). Comparer les performances humaines avec celles de classifieurs automatique suggère que ce biais reflète l'utilisation de certains traits et relations de second-ordre des visages pour en déterminer le genre. Le biais est identique à tous les âges étudiés ainsi que pour les visages de types non-familiers. Dans un second temps, nous avons testé si, chez le nourrisson, la perception du sourire dépend de dimensions invariantes du visage sensibles à l'expérience - le genre et le type (Étude 2). Les nourrissons ont généralement plus d'expérience avec les visages féminins d'un seul type. Les nourrissons de 3.5 mois montrent une préférence visuelle pour les visages souriants (dents visibles, versus neutre, de type familier) lorsque ceux-ci sont féminins; l'inverse est observé lorsqu'ils sont masculins. L'effet n'est pas répliqué lorsque les dents des visages souriants (d'un type familier ou non) ne sont pas visibles. Nous avons cherché à généraliser ces résultats à une tâche de référencement d'objet chez des nourrissons de 3.5, 9 et 12 mois (Étude 3). Les objets préalablement référencés par des visages souriants étaient autant regardés que les objets préalablement référencés par des visages neutres, quel que soit le groupe d'âge ou le genre du visage, et ce malgré des différences en terme de suivi du regard. Enfin, en employant une mesure univariée (préférence visuelle pour le visage) et une mesure multivariée (évidence globale distinguant le visage du bruit) de la détection du visage à chaque essai, associées à une modélisation des courbes psychométriques par modèles non-linéaire mixtes, nous mettons en évidence une meilleure détection des visages de peur (comparés aux visages souriants) dans le bruit phasique chez les nourrissons à 3.5, 6 et 12 mois (Étude 4).Ces résultats éclairent le développement précoce et le mécanisme des relations entre genre et émotion dans la perception des visages ainsi que de la sensibilité à la peur.
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- 2015
3. Face Gender Influences the Looking Preference for Smiling Expressions in 3.5-Month-Old Human Infants
- Author
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Bayet, Laurie, Quinn, Paul C., Tanaka, James W., Lee, Kang, Gentaz, Édouard, Pascalis, Olivier, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware [Newark], Department of Psychology, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva [Switzerland], and This work was funded by the NIH Grant R01 HD-46526 to KL, OP, PQ, and JT, the FNS Grant100019–156073 to EG, and a PhD scholarship from the French Department of Research andHigher Education to LB
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Male ,Science ,emotion ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,[SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences ,Infant ,smile ,Smiling ,Discrimination, Psychological ,Sex Factors ,ddc:150 ,Face ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Infant Behavior ,gender ,Visual Perception ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Research Article - Abstract
International audience; Young infants are typically thought to prefer looking at smiling expressions. Although some accounts suggest that the preference is automatic and universal, we hypothesized that it is not rigid and may be influenced by other face dimensions, most notably the face's gender. Infants are sensitive to the gender of faces; for example, 3-month-olds raised by female caregivers typically prefer female over male faces. We presented neutral versus smiling pairs of faces from the same female or male individuals to 3.5-month-old infants (n = 25), controlling for low-level cues. Infants looked longer to the smiling face when faces were female but longer to the neutral face when faces were male, i.e., there was an effect of face gender on the looking preference for smiling. The results indicate that a preference for smiling in 3.5-month-olds is limited to female faces, possibly reflective of differential experience with male and female faces.
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- 2015
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4. Fearful but not happy expressions boost face detection in human infants.
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Bayet, Laurie, Quinn, Paul C., Laboissière, Rafael, Caldara, Roberto, Kang Lee, and Pascalis, Olivier
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FACIAL expression , *AMYGDALOID body , *FEAR , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PSYCHOMETRICS - Abstract
Human adults show an attentional bias towards fearful faces, an adaptive behaviour that relies on amygdala function. This attentional bias emerges in infancy between 5 and 7 months, but the underlying developmental mechanism is unknown. To examine possible precursors, we investigated whether 3.5-, 6- and 12-month-old infants show facilitated detection of fearful faces in noise, compared to happy faces. Happy or fearful faces, mixed with noise, were presented to infants (N = 192), paired with pure noise. We applied multivariate pattern analyses to several measures of infant looking behaviour to derive a criterion-free, continuous measure of face detection evidence in each trial. Analyses of the resulting psychometric curves supported the hypothesis of a detection advantage for fearful faces compared to happy faces, from 3.5 months of age and across all age groups. Overall, our data show a readiness to detect fearful faces (compared to happy faces) in younger infants that developmentally precedes the previously documented attentional bias to fearful faces in older infants and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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5. Can human eyes prevent perceptual narrowing for monkey faces in human infants?
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Damon, Fabrice, Bayet, Laurie, Quinn, Paul C., Hillairet de Boisferon, Anne, Méary, David, Dupierrix, Eve, Lee, Kang, and Pascalis, Olivier
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ABSTRACT Perceptual narrowing has been observed in human infants for monkey faces: 6-month-olds can discriminate between them, whereas older infants from 9 months of age display difficulty discriminating between them. The difficulty infants from 9 months have processing monkey faces has not been clearly identified. It could be due to the structural characteristics of monkey faces, particularly the key facial features that differ from human faces. The current study aimed to investigate whether the information conveyed by the eyes is of importance. We examined whether the presence of Caucasian human eyes in monkey faces allows recognition to be maintained in 6-month-olds and facilitates recognition in 9- and 12-month-olds. Our results revealed that the presence of human eyes in monkey faces maintains recognition for those faces at 6 months of age and partially facilitates recognition of those faces at 9 months of age, but not at 12 months of age. The findings are interpreted in the context of perceptual narrowing and suggest that the attenuation of processing of other-species faces is not reversed by the presence of human eyes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 637-642, 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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6. Neural responses to happy, fearful and angry faces of varying identities in 5- and 7-month-old infants.
- Author
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Bayet, Laurie, Perdue, Katherine L., Behrendt, Hannah F., Richards, John E., Westerlund, Alissa, Cataldo, Julia K., and Nelson III, Charles A.
- Abstract
• fNIRS and looking responses to emotional faces were measured in 5- and 7-month-olds. • Emotional faces had varying identities within happy, angry, and fearful blocks. • Temporo-parietal and frontal activations were observed, particularly to happy faces. • Infants looked longer to the mouth region of angry faces. • No difference in behavior or neural activity observed between 5- and 7-month-olds. The processing of facial emotion is an important social skill that develops throughout infancy and early childhood. Here we investigate the neural underpinnings of the ability to process facial emotion across changes in facial identity in cross-sectional groups of 5- and 7-month-old infants. We simultaneously measured neural metabolic, behavioral, and autonomic responses to happy, fearful, and angry faces of different female models using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), eye-tracking, and heart rate measures. We observed significant neural activation to these facial emotions in a distributed set of frontal and temporal brain regions, and longer looking to the mouth region of angry faces compared to happy and fearful faces. No differences in looking behavior or neural activations were observed between 5- and 7-month-olds, although several exploratory, age-independent associations between neural activations and looking behavior were noted. Overall, these findings suggest more developmental stability than previously thought in responses to emotional facial expressions of varying identities between 5- and 7-months of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. Temporal dynamics of visual representations in the infant brain.
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Bayet, Laurie, Zinszer, Benjamin D., Reilly, Emily, Cataldo, Julia K., Pruitt, Zoe, Cichy, Radoslaw M., Nelson III, Charles A., and Aslin, Richard N.
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• Access to infants' multivariate neural representations has remained limited. • Visual stimuli decoded from 12−15-month-olds' EEG data, within 500 ms of onset. • Infant multivariate representations didn't linearly separate animal and body images. • Proof-of-concept for time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis of infant EEG. Tools from computational neuroscience have facilitated the investigation of the neural correlates of mental representations. However, access to the representational content of neural activations early in life has remained limited. We asked whether patterns of neural activity elicited by complex visual stimuli (animals, human body) could be decoded from EEG data gathered from 12−15-month-old infants and adult controls. We assessed pairwise classification accuracy at each time-point after stimulus onset, for individual infants and adults. Classification accuracies rose above chance in both groups, within 500 ms. In contrast to adults, neural representations in infants were not linearly separable across visual domains. Representations were similar within, but not across, age groups. These findings suggest a developmental reorganization of visual representations between the second year of life and adulthood and provide a promising proof-of-concept for the feasibility of decoding EEG data within-subject to assess how the infant brain dynamically represents visual objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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