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The aim of this study was to use molecular methods to determine the profile of resistance to rifampicin (RMP or RIF) and isoniazid (INH) in mycobacteria from tuberculosis patients in Senegal. Sputum samples (48) received by the mycobacterial laboratory of the National Antituberculosis Program (NATP) in Senegal between 2012 and 2014 were studied. Most of these samples came from patients in treatment failure or relapse (58.33%). They were tested with the Xpert MTB/RIF or line-probe assays (LPAs) or both. 17 (35.41%) isolates resistant to INH, 16 (33.33%) resistant to RMP, and 16 that were multidrug-resistant (MDR) (33.33%) were identified. Two isolates (4.16%) were susceptible to INH, but resistant to RMP (INH-S/RIF-R). The molecular tests facilitated the rapid detection of MDR isolates. However, INH resistance should be assessed in all cases in which RIF resistance is detected, given the demonstrated existence of INH-S/RIF-R strains. Key words: Tuberculosis, Xpert MTB/RIF, line-probe assays (LPA), resistance, Senegal.

Group A rotaviruses are characterized by large genomic diversity that is typically studied by genotyping of the VP7 glycoprotein, which defines G-type, and the protease-sensitive VP4, which defines P-type. The aim of this study was to examine the genotypes of group A rotavirus strains circulating in Senegal over a 7-year period between 2005 and 2011. ELISA positive stool specimens were analyzed by PAGE and were genotyped by multiplex hemi-nested RT-PCR. Data were analyzed with Epi Info 7 software. Rotavirus was found in 222 samples of stools of which 32 (14.41 %) were positive on PAGE. Five electropherotype patterns were identified, three long (L1, L2 or L3) and two short (S1 or S2). Twenty-three (23) samples had a long electropherotype and nine had a short electropherotype. One hundred strains (45.04%) were analyzed by VP7 genotyping, which identified five different genotypes: G1, G2, G3, G8 and G9. Ninety-three (93) samples (41.89%) were analyzed by VP4 genotyping which showed four different genotypes: P[4], P[6], P[8] and P[11] and mixed genotypes (1.8%). Seventy seven (34.68%) samples were genotyped for both VP7 and VP4. The G1P[8] strain was the most predominant strain followed by the G9P[8] strain. Rotavirus strains circulating in Senegal are genetically diverse. Genotypes G1P[8] and G9P[8] are the predominant strains. We also found mixed infections that could favor the emergence of new viral strains. Thus, regular monitoring of genotypes circulating in the country is required. Key words: Rotavirus, diarrhea, genotypes, children, Senegal.

The genotype G12 rotavirus was isolated from the stool of children 5 years old or younger with acute gastroenteritis during 1 year in three Dakar hospitals. The G12 genotype was the most common (58.25%). VP4 genotyping revealed mixed genotypes (1.94%).

We aimed to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) secreted by clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Fann University Hospital in Dakar and to characterize them molecularly. We identified 32 isolates producing ESBLs. The CTX-M-15 gene was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, detected in 90.63% of the isolates studied.