1. Acyclic Triterpenoid Isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Alleviates Formalin-Induced Chronic Mouse Paw Inflammation by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB.
- Author
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Lim HJ, Bak SG, Lim HJ, Lee SW, Lee S, Ku SK, Park SI, Lee SJ, and Rho MC
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, Cell Line, Disease Models, Animal, Down-Regulation, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, Formaldehyde adverse effects, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Interleukin-1beta genetics, Interleukin-6 genetics, Lipopolysaccharides adverse effects, Mice, NF-kappa B metabolism, Phosphorylation drug effects, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Triterpenes chemistry, Triterpenes isolation & purification, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Alpinia chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism, Inflammation drug therapy, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II metabolism, Triterpenes pharmacology
- Abstract
Chronic and excessive inflammation can destroy host organs and cause inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Alpinia katsumadai seed-derived 2,3,5,22,23-pentahydroxy-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-tetracosa-6,10,14,18-tetraene (PHT) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774 cells and a formalin-induced chronic paw inflammation mouse model. The in vitro results showed that PHT exhibited no cytotoxicity and decreased LPS-induced NO secretion. Additionally, PHT inhibited LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein expression. The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that PHT downregulated the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). PHT inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In a mouse model, oral administration of 50 mg/kg PHT significantly alleviated both mouse paw thickness and volume. These results indicate that PHT has potential anti-inflammatory effects and should be considered a possible functional material.
- Published
- 2020
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