Search

Recently, advancements in multimedia have made a huge impact on watermarking technologies. The digital video watermarking is the process of embedding the data in the video. One of the major concerns in digital video watermarking is maintaining the quality of video besides preserving the privacy of the data. The aim of the research is to develop a reversible medical video watermarking using Sine Cosine Bird Swarm Algorithm-based Deep Convolutional Neural Network (SCBSA-based Deep CNN) for embedding the secret message in video frames. The development methodology is explained as follows. The SCBSA is developed by integrating Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) with the Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA). The key frames are extracted from the input video using Minkowski distance and Wavelet distance. The features, like Neighborhood-based features, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features, Local Optimal Oriented Pattern (LOOP), and histogram features are obtained from the key frames. The interesting region is identified using DCNN, which is trained using the developed SCBSA. The secret message is embedded in the video in the embedding phase, whereas the embedded secret message is extracted in the extraction phase. The embedding and extracting process are carried out through two level decompositions using wavelet transform and inverse wavelet transform. The developed SCBSA-based Deep CNN uses the metrics, such as correlation coefficient, Mean Square Error and Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) for evaluating the performance. The developed SCBSA method is evaluated using the Mean Square Error, Correlation Coefficient and PSNR with Gaussian noise, Impulse noise, Salt and Pepper noise and in the absence of noise. The developed SCBSA method obtained a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.8990, minimum Mean Square Error of 0.0215 and maximum PSNR of 35.19, respectively while comparing with the existing reversible medical video watermarking methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new algorithm for embedding private information within a cover image. Unlike all other already existing algorithms, this one tends to employ the data of the carrier image more efficiently such that the image looks less distorted. As a consequence, the private data is maintained unperceived and the sent information stays unsuspicious. This task is achieved by dividing the least significant bit plane of the cover image into fixed size blocks, and then embedding the required top-secret message within each block using one of two opposite ways depending on the extent of similarity of each block with the private information needed to be hidden. This technique will contribute to lessen the number of bits needed to be changed in the cover image to accommodate the private data, and hence will substantially reduce the amount of distortion in the stego-image when compared to the classic LSB image steganography algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider M-level pulse amplitude modulation ( M-PAM) spread-spectrum (SS) data embedding in transform domain host data. The process of data embedding can be viewed as delivering information through the channel including additive interference from host that is known to the embedder. We first utilize the knowledge of second-order statistics of host to design optimal carrier that maximizes the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the decoder end. Then, inspired by Tomlinson-Harashima precoding used in communication systems, a symbol-by-symbol precoding scheme is developed for M-PAM SS embedding to alleviate the impact of the interference which is explicitly known to embedder. For any given embedding carrier and host data, we aim at designing precoding algorithm to minimize the receiver bit error rate (BER) with any given host distortion budget, and conversely minimize the distortion at any target BER. Experimental studies demonstrate that the proposed precoded SS embedding approach can significantly improve BER performance over conventional SS embedding schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we propose a novel non-blind H.264/CAVLC structure-preserving substitution watermarking algorithm. The proposed watermarking algorithm enables extremely efficient watermark embedding by simple bit substitutions (substitution watermarking). The bit-substitutions change the motion vector differences of non-reference frames. Furthermore our watermarking algorithm can be applied in applications scenarios which require that watermarking preserves the length of the bitstream units (structure-preserving watermarking). The watermark detection works in the image domain and thus is robust to video format changes. The quality and robustness of the approach are in depth evaluated and analyzed, the quality evaluation is backed up by subjective evaluations. Comparison to the state-of-the-art indicates a superior performance of our watermarking algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Information hiding refers to the process of inserting information into a host to serve specific purpose(s). In this paper, information hiding methods in the H.264/AVC compressed video domain are surveyed. First, the general framework of information hiding is conceptualized by relating the state of an entity to a meaning (i.e., sequences of bits). This concept is illustrated by using various data representation schemes such as bit plane replacement, spread spectrum, histogram manipulation, divisibility, mapping rules, and matrix encoding. Venues at which information hiding takes place are then identified, including prediction process, transformation, quantization, and entropy coding. Related information hiding methods at each venue are briefly reviewed, along with the presentation of the targeted applications, appropriate diagrams, and references. A timeline diagram is constructed to chronologically summarize the invention of information hiding methods in the compressed still image and video domains since 1992. A comparison among the considered information hiding methods is also conducted in terms of venue, payload, bitstream size overhead, video quality, computational complexity, and video criteria. Further perspectives and recommendations are presented to provide a better understanding of the current trend of information hiding and to identify new opportunities for information hiding in compressed video. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This work presents a novel reversible data hiding scheme based on combinations of pixel orientations located at two steganographic images to enhance embedding capacity and preserve good visual quality. Before secret data are embedded, the proposed scheme converts the data into a sequence of digits in a base-5 numeral system. The conversion then extends the abilitity to carry more secret data. When the secret data embedding procedure is performed, the original cover pixel value can only be modified by at most plus or minus one, thus ensuring that the stegano-image also has excellent visual quality. Moreover, image recovery does not require overhead information. Experimental results demonstrate that the embedding capacity is around 1.07 bpp and PSNR reaches 49.6 dB. The experimental comparison also reveals that the proposed scheme outperforms other related schemes in terms of embedding rate and retains a high visual effect of stegano-image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stenography is the science that ensures secret communication through multimedia carriers such as image, audio, and video files. The ultimate end of stenography is to hide the secret data in the carrier file so that they are not detected. To that end, stenography applications should have such features as undetectability; robustness; resistance to various images process, sing methods, and compression; and capacity of the hidden data. At the same time, those features distinguish stenography applications from watermarking and cryptography applications. This study is different from other studies in the literature in that the undetectability parameter has been achieved through hiding data in line with the human sight system. In that sense, it has been determined through using the visible light wavelength limits of the pixel-carrying file in which the data are to be hidden. The peak signal-to-noise ratio has been used to evaluate the detectability and quality of the stego-image in which the secret information is embedded as a result of the data embedding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]