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The Internet has increasingly influenced the information-seeking behavior of students in higher education over the past few decades. The mass availability of information on the web has seen significant changes in the electronic information needs, information retrieval, and communication patterns (information seeking behavior) of university students. The easy-to-use Internet promotes more information-seeking while constantly attracting more new users, and achieves this immeasurably faster than traditional repositories. This has catapulted the Internet to the top of the pile of current information resources. This paper aims to compare information-seeking behavior on the Internet between arts and science undergraduate students in one of the major universities in Iran. Two hundred and fifty arts and science undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University were selected using a stratified sampling technique. The average age of the students was 24.11 (arts students) and 23.34 (science students). Approximately 43% of respondents were male and 57% were female. The results indicated that science students had a higher proficiency of using Internet search strategies than did the art students. Overall, this study suggests the need for improvements in Internet-related curricula for undergraduate students.

With the rapid growth of social media, textual content is increasingly growing. Unstructured texts are a rich source of latent spatial information. Extracting such information is useful in query processing, geographical information retrieval (GIR), and recommender systems. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to infer spatial information from salient features of non-spatial nature in text corpora. We propose two methods, namely DCS and RCS, to represent place-based concepts. In addition, two measures, namely the Shannon entropy and the Moran's I, are proposed to calculate the degree of geo-indicativeness of terms in texts. The methodology is compared with a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach to estimate the accuracy improvement. We evaluated the methods on a dataset of rental property advertisements in Iran and a dataset of Persian Wikipedia articles. The results show that our proposed approach enhances the relative accuracy of predictions by about 10% in case of the renting advertisements and by 13% in case of the Wikipedia articles. The average distance error is about 13.3 km for the advertisements and 10.3 km for the Wikipedia articles, making the method suitable to infer the general region of the city in which a property is located. The proposed methodology is promising for inferring spatial knowledge from textual content that lacks spatial terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current metadata schema, internet search engines and databases of scientific literature have an Anglo-American language and cultural bias. While it is possible to catalogue or index non-English, non-Latin script publications and achieve some degree of success in the retrieval of such information, librarians and researchers are often disappointed by inconsistencies in the accuracy of search results for this type of publication and frustrated by the limitations created by the biases embedded in the technology and schema. This paper is the result of a two-year dialog between a Farsi-speaking medical librarian in Iran and an English-speaking metadata librarian in Canada. They present the argument that a metadata schema which incorporates graphical images such as Emoji along with keyword indexing or a controlled vocabulary and new search engines which can make use of the new schema for Boolean searching is a robust potential solution for the difficulties they discussed. While this new information seeking environment that requires both the edition of a graphical facet to metadata schema and new search engines presents the potential to break down significant intercultural barriers, the authors recognize that this undertaking is more than a simple technological or procedural change but would require significant agreement between and work from librarians, standards bodies and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage (CH) reflects on the history of a society and its traditions and it is treated as the nation's memory and identity. Digitizing and web, beside its benefits, brought some challenges in disseminating and retrieving CH information, which has heterogeneous content varying widely in type and properties yet encompassing rich semantic links. Semantic web technologies, especially ontologies, provide a common understanding inside a domain that helps sharing knowledge and interoperability. They can be very helpful in data modeling for a better information retrieval compared to relational databases as they take into account the semantics of information, guarantee reusability, and make information machine-readable that can offer more flexibility to intelligent services and applications. CH community is one of the first domains to make use semantic web technologies to deal with this issue. CIDOC CRM is the most used and famous ontology in CH domain, which is an ISO standard since 2006. Heritage sites are composed of many points of interest that attract visitors to find out about them. However, information about a particular POI is complex and interconnected with other people, events, and objects. In this paper, we aim to develop a POI-based data model for heritage sites in Iran using concepts from CIDOC CRM integrated with GeoSPARQL, the standard ontology in geospatial field, to incorporate spatial semantics with heritage information. This way the user can freely explore their preferred information about the places they desire. This can make it possible to use the data model for location-based services and applications in heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Emergency medical service (EMS) systems faced numerous challenges and issues as the frontline in dealing with the global Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This systematic review aimed to prepare a guideline for managing future pandemics by exploring the challenges emergency medical technicians face in providing pre-hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, ProQuest, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were the primary databases used to search for literature. The keywords used in this review were COVID-19, "Prehospital Emergency", and Iran, and their equivalents, obtained from MeSH, expert opinion, or related articles. From the 787 records identified through database searching in the early stage, after investigating, analysing the characteristics, and content analysis, 11 articles were included in the final stage of this review study to answer the study questions. RESULTS: Based on the searches, 11 articles were finally evaluated. Challenges extracted from the analysis of studies were classified into 5 main themes, 12 subthemes, and 50 codes. The main themes include Ambiguity in operational protocols, Resource Shortage, Cultural challenges, Burnout, and Physical and Mental health challenges. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak of COVID-19 has presented challenges for pre-hospital emergency services (PHES) in Iran, necessitating adaptive strategies and coordinated efforts by authorities to prepare EMS for similar crises in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: This study aimed to collect reports and HIS in a web-based system due to the problems of paper recording of student activities in practical courses, as well as the lack of computers in the departments for observing graphs and treatment plans. Materials and Methods: The initial graphic design of the website was done after the assessment of needs and the necessary planning for designing the website. The main template of the website was designed after consulting with the faculty and the designer company. A combination of HTML, CSS, JQuery, and Java script was used for static coding and what the user sees or interacts with. Then, the basic information entered the website and the content designer put the website in the designed layout. In the end, a sample hosting space was prepared and the website was fully provided to the professors and faculty officials to work with as an administrator and a user. They conveyed all their opinions and the corrections were made based on the feedback given. Results: The use of the internet and software with a central database played a significant role in monitoring and evaluating the long-term information of the student and the evaluation of the entire department, universities, and patients in each region up to macro-national evaluations. This could give the expansion and advancement of science in addition to the central registration of documents and radiographs, as well as their ease to access. Conclusion: The designed website was well received among the students and the attending staff. Introducing a web based logbook and HIS system can optimize the clinical teaching. These logbooks could help both students and staff saving time and resources, and to facilitate providing better personalized care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper offers that most of the advocates of discipline of library and information science believe that there is a lack of theoretical foundation and rational identity. The author maintains that there has been an error in defining the subject by confusing library with librarianship. That is many researchers have derived the concept of librarianship from library. Therefore they came to define librarianship as an entity only through the social application and services. If instead, a librarian was assumed to be a person who was usually a scholar, with or without the knowledge of classification properly, and if it was further assumed that before establishing any library, at least there has always been one thoughtful person with the enthusiasm of classifying his own tacit or explicit knowledge in order to retrieve, the concept of librarianship could have been derived from the concept of personal seeking of knowledge, or the need of any knowledgeable person who believes in scientific classification for the sake of retrieval. Thus, there has always been the necessity for scientific classification even if there has not been any formal library. So, I propose that librarianship is more related to the knowledge retrieval and classification which is in the mind of all people specially scholars and learned men before the library, as a place for the collection of books and other materials come to being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Nurses' use of electronic literature has remained limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify barriers concerning application of electronic literature on evidence based practice in nursing. Methods Six bibliographic databases were searched using the following keywords: challenges, barriers, obstacles, evidence based practice, EBP, information seeking, online databases, electronic literature, bibliographic databases and nurs*. Results were filtered to peer reviewed empirical studies, written in English or Persian and published from 2010 to 2017. Studies were selected based on specified inclusion criteria, and quality of the included studies was assessed. The approved articles ( n = 21) were extracted and synthesised. Discussion There are different types of barriers in using electronic evidence based literature in nursing demonstrating the issue as a multi-faceted problem. Not having enough time to conduct a search was the first major barrier noted by almost 81% ( n = 17) of the reviewed studies followed by lack of knowledge on searching skills (66%; n = 14) and access requirements (38%; n = 8). Conclusions There appears to be an important role for hospital management in providing nurses with enough time and access to online information while at work and also for health care librarians together with nursing leaders in providing the required training on using electronic evidence based literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecosystems containing edaphic Mesostigmata are considered important predators of nematodes, collembola, and insects, and those living on plants may be effective at controlling pests like spider mites. In this research study we provide new information about Edaphic Mesostigmata mites known from Isfahan in central Iran based on new field collection. In this publication, we give records of thirty-two edaphic species belong to 13 families, and 25 genera collected in Isfahan province (Iran), which four species are new records for the Iran (indicated as a rec. new). Twelve new provincial distribution records viz., Asca aphidioides (Linnaeus, 1758), Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese, 1918), Cosmolaelaps claviger (Berlese, 1883), Gaeolaelaps neoaculeifer (Hrischmann, 1966) a rec. new, Gymnolaelaps obscuroides (Costa, 1968), Hypoaspis quadridentatus (Allred, 1970) a rec. new, Hypoaspisella asperatus (Berlese, 1904) a rec. new, Hypoaspisella patagoniensis (Sheals, 1962) a rec. new, Neoseiulus bicadus (Wainstein, 1962), Parasitus mycophilus (Karg, 1971), Pogonolaelaps canestrinii (Berlese, 1903), Polyaspis berlesei (Camin, 1954) are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine indexer is referred to as a kind of indexing system in which keywords are extracted from the title or body of a text and organized in the index entries using computer algorithm. Although there is an increasing need for applying computer in indexing machine indexer has not been developed for Persian language yet. Therefore in this paper the results of investigating and identifying of theoretical and practical aspects of such system in the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology are presented. To do so, firstly the relationship between indexing and information retrieval, theoretical debates and the machine indexing revolution, the practical and procedural viewpoints of machine indexing, successful projects in different countries and for different languages, and the requirements of machine indexer for Persian language are discussed. Then the elements of a machine indexer for Persian language are defined and its conceptual model and also the relationships between the elements, the details of subsystems, and the indexer logical system are designed. Finally, the requirements of developing the system for the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology are discussed and the state of the art of the implemented projects and existing experiences in this regard are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Libraries have experienced a great deal of change in communication networks and information technology. The Iranian academic libraries, like other libraries, attempted to adopt the new information technology. It should be realized that although new information technologies and electronic resources are collected on a large scale by academic libraries they are not always used in the same scale. There are some factors, which affect the rate of adoption of each new technology. Rogers in his theory introduced these factors in five categories as relative advantage, observability, trial- ability, complexity and compatibility. This paper investigates the effects of different features of electronic reference materials on the rate of their adoption. Results show that the most effective factors in adoption of electronic reference materials are the ability of electronic reference materials to facilitate information retrieval, shortening the time of searching and fair cost of resources. In addition, it seems that the most problematic factors, which slow down the adoption of electronic reference materials, stem from unfamiliarity of academic librarians and users with computers and searching of databases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study was to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of academic staff in the schools of medical sciences of Iran and to draw up a model of their information-seeking behaviour. A qualitative research method -- Grounded Theory -- was employed to carry out this research, analyze the data, and data were collected through interviews. Data analysis showed that the information-seeking behaviour of these Iranian Medical Schools' academic staff has seven stages: selecting subjects, searching information, retrieving information, browsing, gathering information sources, using information, and transferring information to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Islamic Republic of Iran's parliament. the Majlis, passed in 1990 a law setting out the functions of its national library, in 2005, the inauguration of the first stage of the new national library building was celebrated as a major national cultural and architectural achievement. This article looks at the origins and evolution of the National Library of Iran (NLI), considers its changing place within the Iranian library system, and also briefly considers what scope it has for developing, it also examines the nature of the new building, asking how well it is designed to implement the guidelines laid down by the Majlis and what scope and flexibility it allows for future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]