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This paper is a reflection on the growth and decline of Paraguayan scientific institutions associated with the Green Revolution. Paraguay had almost no scientific infrastructure in 1943, when American investors and politicians began a massive program to generate national expertise to fuel an export boom. This would be mirrored in the 1990s by disinvestment, personified in this paper by the demise of a vital freezer that was storing corn samples at one of the country's primary research centers. The paper follows this story by focusing on four of the key crops of Paraguayan agrarian research: cotton, maize, wheat, and soybeans. Each of these crops in their time articulated ambivalent interests between those of the Paraguayan nation, and the global ambitions of foreign Green Revolutionaries. By showing the way that the latter interests slowly took over from the former (culminating in the patent regimes around genetically modified soybeans), the paper also traces the rising importance of "facticity" in local agrarian science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Latin American Integration Route (RILA), also known as the Bioceanic Route, is an initiative with the potential to promote the development of the Brazil-Paraguay border zone. The creators of RILA aim, since the creation of the proposal in 2006 (which would be made official in 2015), to boost logistic activities, with the goal to increasing exports of commodities (grains, ores and meat) and, secondly, to boost regional tourism activity. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the potential and obstacles that involve the governance of tourism at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, specifically between the twin cities of Porto Murtinho (BR) and Carmelo Peralta (PY). Regarding the methodology, the present work configures a qualitative research, based on bibliographical and documentary approach, under an interdisciplinary perspective, anchored in the references of Tourism and Political Geography. The theoretical-empirical results correspond to the conceptual delimitation of what configures the governance of tourism in international border territories and the organization of the institutional matrix that will support the understanding of the organization of tourism and its governance in the researched territory. Furthermore, maps were created that demonstrate the intersection between the main tourism development policy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and the RILA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Docencia y Technologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infrastructure-type geographic objects correspond to a fundamental element of the contemporary geographic milieu. This article discusses some of the specificities of this type of geographic objects. To do so, we approximate the concept of economic infrastructure to the notion of technical macrosystems. We understand that both terms refer to large engineering systems that enable the operation of activities and the provision of services, allowing the proper functioning of the economic and social dynamics of a given portion of space. Also, we mobilized categories of Marxist political economy to understand how this set of geographical objects, more than acting as part of the general conditions of production, can also be constituted as a means of valorization, which occurs through its use as a specific type of fixed capital: the immobilized fixed capital of an independente kind, which we understand to correspond to a particular form of valorization of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes how the processes of construction of the railroad and the Canal in Panama from the mid-nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth, generated migratory dynamics from the Caribbean and other origins, with a historiographical perspective, and also using hemerographic and primary sources, that have been little studied. This study finds that there is a dominant vector of Jamaican migration to Panama, although its magnitude is not easy to quantify. From what can be deduced, this migrant population dedicated itself to construction as skilled and unskilled workers, but also settled definitively on the Isthmus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of astronomical observatories in the Atacama Desert has prompted different actors in Chile to envision initiatives for promoting the expansion of data infrastructure. While such projects are usually seen as synonymous with development, Lickan Antay Indigenous activists affected by the construction of an observatory consider this situation the beginning of a new chapter in their history of territorial struggle. Building upon political ontology, this article argues that the growth of data infrastructures can underpin ontological divergences concerning the territory, i.e. what territory is and its relation with other entities. To do so, it compares two divergent ontologies of territory emerging in the Chilean context. While the Natural Laboratories policy and the Datagonia project transform the territory into a source of economic resources affording opportunities for developing data infrastructure (assetized ontology of territory), Lickan Antay activists conceive of territory as a unitary whole made up by human and other-than-human interdependencies (relational ontology of territory). Based on a discursive-material analysis of interviews and documents, this article delves into the ontological dimension of data colonialism and proposes an infrastructural regime that does not reproduce terricide and is aligned with the flourishing of multiple worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to discuss how basic sanitation services are treated in the context of the Metropolitan Region of Goiania. To achieve the goals it was made bibliographic and documental analysis, secondary data gathering and informations mapping. The spatial distribution permitted us to understand the contradictions present between legislation and the offer of basic sanitation. Lastly, it is presented the importance and opportunity of conjucted actions for major integration in metropolitan environments through the offer of services and infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article contends that Brazil's evangelical Christian networks increasingly function as penal infrastructure. Since the 1990s, the scale and scope of evangelical involvement in the criminal justice system have grown significantly. One clear result is that the capillary relationships that constitute Christian community now mobilise resources to support or even substitute the basic functions of punishment. I draw on fieldwork in Rio de Janeiro to understand this shift and its broader implications for the Brazilian project of incarceration. I also make a general claim for thinking with and through infrastructure as a pathway to understand penal governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to highlight the efficiency of transport infrastructure as an important vector of regional development. In addition, despite the lack of data for the preparation of diagnoses and more accurate exercises of prospection it seeks to briefly contextualize the present situation of the infrastructure of Paraná, especially the road transport and also project the growth of the physical volume of local production in the coming years in order to subsidize future government actions. Synthetically, it appears that even in scenarios of moderate expansion of GDP, given the of the maturity level of the economy of Paraná, there would be reasonable additional pressures on the logistics infrastructure of the State, justifying investments in expansion/modernization of the whole transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Procesos Urbanos (2500-5200) is the property of Corporacion Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista En-Contexto is the property of Tecnologico de Antioquia, Institucion Universitari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study sought to identify the main drivers of and barriers to attracting capital market investments to the infrastructure sector in Brazil. The research findings indicate that the incentives vary according to the type of investor. Individual investors are strongly attracted by the tax exemption provided for in Statute 1,2431/2011 to purchase incentivized debentures, and, today, they represent one of the main investors in infrastructure in the country. On the other hand, domestic pension funds have no incentives based on this piece of legislation (their investments are exempt from income tax). For these pension funds, the spread paid by the issuers of incentivized debentures is low. Foreign investors consider the investment environment in the country to be unfavorable due to factors such as high exchange rate volatility and political instability. Therefore, broader institutional reforms are needed to fill the gap in infrastructure investments and attract long-term investors. Green certification of infrastructure projects represents another interesting strategy for attracting investments, especially foreign investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the technological profile of ranchers in a watershed located in Sorocaba-SP (Brazil) using technological and socioeconomic indicators. Method: Sorocaba city and São Paulo State census data, as well as interview data, were used in this study to verify the profile of ranchers in the watershed under study. Uniqueness/Significance: Even though different agricultural production systems have similarities; each farm has its limitations in available resources. In this sense, technologies must be implemented on these farms for their long-term maintenance. However, smallholder farmers usually hesitate to incorporate new technologies. Thus, public policies that support investment in human, technological, and infrastructural capital should be developed to ensure higher productivity, income generation, and competitiveness among producers. Results: Cattle ranchers in the study region lack access to infrastructure and agricultural training. Social contributions: Obtaining and making data available can improve the understanding of parameters that allow decision-making in public policies to improve the social, technological, and economic conditions of ranchers in the area under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of the studies developed by the University Network of the Latin American Integration Route (UniRila), this proposal intends to contextualize the municipality of Porto Murtinho in the process of occupation of the interior of the South American continent, understanding the Latin American Integration Route (RILA) as the culminating event of the process of territorialization-deterritorialization-reterritorialization of the region. For this purpose, historical, economic, geographic and geological aspects are considered, without which the conditions of urbanization would not be fully understood and public policies would be deficient. Thus, it is intended to draw attention to the impact that the production and export of commodities has on the territory in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infrastructure works require materials that are not always available. Searching for deposits near the construction site and the geotechnical study of the soils are essential. This article analyzes the geotechnical and resilient characteristics of soils originating from ten cut slopes of the Carajás Railway (EFC), between the states of Pará and Maranhão (Brazil). The occurrence of soils along this track was investigated, for application purposes in the duplication of the EFC and in future works. Consistency limits, granulometry, compaction, SEM, X-ray spectrometry and Resilience Module (MR) tests were performed, in addition to geotechnical classifications. The presence of fine sandy soils with satisfactory lateritic behavior and MR was identified, which can be used in pavement layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In August of 2017, as part of the Peace Accords with the Colombian government, the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) presented an extensive list of assets to be destined toward the victims of the armed conflict. It included approximately 3,700 kilometers of roads, most of them located in areas of influence of this guerrilla group. In this article, we investigate the type of actors, collaborations, power relations and technologies that made the construction of roads possible in Puerto Guzmán, an Amazonian municipality with a prolonged FARC presence. We argue that the construction and transformation of these infrastructures over time enables us to understand the state as a co-production involving different dynamics and actors, including some antagonistic to the state order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência & Trópico (03042685) is the property of Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roteiro is the property of Roteiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We aim to analyze here China's position in the international political economy of ICT relative to the US. To this end, we consider competition in the ICT ecosystem - which is supported by close ties between the state and capital - under three dimensions: economic, military, and in international surveillance. We postulate that the global telecommunication infrastructure's renewal puts at stake the redefinition of boundaries between international surveillance systems and the repositioning of tech firms and national economies in the modern industrial system, while it consecrates critical civilian infrastructure as a central target in military calculations. Although China leads in 5G, the US has structural power in the ICT ecosystem, being able to obstruct China's advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to estimate a Input Output Matrix (MIP) for the Southeast Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Sul, seeking to analyze the economic impacts of the duplication of the southern section of BR 116 in the short and long term, considering the reduction of transportation costs. The results indicated that the economy of the region is strongly linked to the productive chains of livestock and food; forestry and shipbuilding and construction. With regard to the results of the duplication of BR 116, during the construction period the sectors most affected were the construction sector and its main suppliers. In turn, the results for the reduction of road transport margins have shown that other food sectors sectors; parts and accessories for motor vehicles; manufacture of electronic and computer equipment; rubber and plastic articles; pharmacochemical and pharmaceutical products; machines and equipment; agriculture, forestry and other transportation equipment suffered the greatest increases in production and value added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical and populational growth of medium-sized Brazilian cities have been characterized by their peripheral expansion, resulting in urban discontinuity and huge social, demographic, and economic disparities. Thus, this study identified free spaces in different areas of the city of Campina Grande and analyzed the sites with potential for future interventions that balance the poor distribution of free spaces for public use among the neighborhoods. It is proposed to reflect on the importance of the production of these spaces in the urban configuration starting from the problems and potentialities. From the results obtained, it was observed that important areas are without due legal protection by the urbanistic and environmental legislation. Given the current front directed to the intense production of real estate, coupled with the nonprotection of such areas may strengthen a new urban amplification that will promote several negative impacts, to the detriment of absenteeism of land and environmental policies and the relations and stimuli between public and private agents. Such factors will influence the discontinuous urban abjunction, constructive integration, the threat of environmentally fragile areas and the poor quality of life of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does modernity arrive and take hold? In this article, I examine efforts by the recent administration of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner to modernize railroad infrastructure in Argentina amidst ongoing decay. In the wake of a large-scale train crash and decades of improper railroad maintenance, in 2013 former President Fernández de Kirchner's administration launched a so-called railroad revolution (revolución ferroviaria), predicated on the purchase of new trains from China, the renovation of track and station infrastructure, the renationalization of the railroad network, and the reeducation of the traveling public. Tracing the awkward arrival of new rolling stock and the patchy renovation of aging railroad infrastructure, this article examines how glitches in this highly-anticipated modernization project fueled anxieties over the incompatibility of foreign technology and local infrastructure, the tenuous nature of modernity, and the obduracy of decay. The technologies and infrastructures that underpin modernity, it illustrates, are entangled in messy relationships and shaped by unruly material histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Vivienda y Urbanismo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/context: This article analyzes of ethnographic, geographical and cartographic discourses around transportation infrastructure plans and projects in the Andean-Amazonian foothills of southern Colombia. Specifically, it shows how the colonial and postcolonial vision of the foothills as a physical and symbolic frontier between a "civilized" and a "savage" world has been instrumental in the conception and execution of such plans and projects, and, more broadly, in the control and appropriation of the Amazonian region. Originality: Usually, historical works on the Colombian nation-building have adopted a monolithic and centric vision of infrastructure because development has historically been confined to a limited portion of the national territory. On the contrary, this article focuses on the role of regions considered "frontiers", "peripheries" or "margins" in the construction and legitimation of a hegemonic state project. Methodology: The research is based on the analysis and contrasting of primary sources such as travelers' accounts, cartographic representations, and missionary and government archives. Conclusions: By establishing historical continuity in the discourses and infrastructure practices of the Andean-Amazonian foothills, we can conclude that these are part of a long-standing tradition in which the foothills is seen as a frontier, and roads and highways are viewed as "civilizing" infrastructure of the Amazonian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Semestre Económico is the property of Sello Editorial de la Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to discuss the capacities of the Brazilian State, particularly the Federal Executive Branch, to produce efficient infrastructure policies that deliver the expected benefits and also obtain support (or consent) from impacted social groups. We argue that the professionalization and technical knowledge of the federal government's public bureaucracy are constrained by low levels of autonomy and intragovernmental cohesion. Likewise, the relationship between the federal bureaucracy and local civil society, subnational governments and accountability agencies are precarious. This situation represents a barrier to the efficiency and legitimacy of state action in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]