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Tachytrechus brittoni Grichanov, 1998 (Figure 4D) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS). Distribution The species was described from Yemen and was not recorded furthermore. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 1998. Afrotropical species of the genus Tachytrechus Haliday (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Int J Dipt Res. 9 (2): 115 - 122."]}

Thinophilus indigenus Becker, 1902 (Figure 5A) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♂, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1.ii.2012 Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1♀, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 4.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Egypt (Cairo, Assiut, Assuan, Fayûm, Luxor and Suez) and further recorded from the Palaearctic (Algeria, Iran, Israel, Mongolia and Turkey), Afrotropical (Angola, Benin, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Angola, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Tanzania, Namibia, Nigeria, Madagascar, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania and Yemen) and Oriental regions (Borneo, China (Taiwan), India, Malaya, Nepal and Philippines) (Grichanov 2017a, 2018). Remarks. This species is known to inhabit the freshwater marshes and streams (Grootaert and Evenhuis 1997)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563.","Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152.","Grootaert P, Evenhuis NL. 1997. A new species of Thinophilus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Mus. 48: 74 - 77."]}

Condylostylus longicornis (Fabricius, 1775) (Figure 6B) Specimens examined 2♂, 2♀, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 7–28.i.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 3♀, same data but 7–28.v.2014 (CERS); 1♂, Jazan, Harob, Wadi Lejab, 30.xii.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. This species was described from South America being a typical representative of New World Condylostylus, having no relatives in the Afrotropical fauna. It was only recently found in the Southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, i.e. in the United Arab Emirates (Naglis and Bickel 2017), and the authors suggested that this occurrence was most probably the result of accidental human introduction. C. longicornis is known from Australasian (French Polynesia and Hawaiian Is.), Nearctic and Neotropical regions (Grichanov 2018). Dr. Deeming believes that this species could develop in shipments of grain that are infested with grain beetles and other insects, as both larvae and adults are predacious, and there would be adequate food for them, especially if there was a fungal infestation of any kind (J.C. Deeming; pers. comm. 2019)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1445, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Naglis S, Bickel DJ. 2017. Order Diptera, Family Dolichopodidae, Subfamily Sciapodinae. In: van Harten A, editor. Arthropod fauna of the UAE Vol. 6. Abu Dhabi: Department of the President's Affairs; p. 565 - 571.","Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Thinophilus ochripalpis Becker, 1910 (Figure 5B) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 10–31.v.2016, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from South Yemen and further recorded from Somalia (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Sympycnus basilaris (Curran, 1924) (Figure 6C) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 1.ii.2012, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 1♀, Asir, same locality but 1–25.v.2013; 3♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 13.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Remarks This genus and species are the first records from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from South Africa, having four synonymic names. It is widespread in the Afrotropical region (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1447, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Cryptophleps buttikeri Grichanov, 2015 (Figure 3C) Specimens examined 1♀, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 20.v.2013, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution The species was described from Saudi Arabia (Bahrah, a town in Makka province, in western Saudi Arabia located between Mekka and Jeddah) and this is the second locality of that species in Saudi Arabia and the habitat and altitude are the same as where the species was first found and described., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1439, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2015. New species of Cryptophleps Lichtwardt (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with a key to the Afrotropical and Palaearctic species of the genus. Zootaxa. 4007 (2): 259 - 266. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4007.2.8."]}

Diaphorus hoffmannseggi Meigen, 1830 (Figure 3D) Specimens examined 2♂, Asir, Karatha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 1♂, same locality but 7–28.viii.2013 (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species is widespread in Europe, being also recorded from Israel and Turkey (Grichanov 2017b)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1439, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 b. An annotated checklist of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Israel and adjacent territories. Acta Biol Sibir. 3 (4): 6 - 19. doi: 10.14258 / abs. v 3 i 4.3629."]}

Tachytrechus notatus (Stannius, 1831) (Figure 4C) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Al-Souda, Al-Muqtha Dam, 18.ix.2014, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Germany and further recorded from Iran, Israel, Morocco, Syria, Turkmenistan and Europe (widespread) (Grichanov 2017a; Grichanov et al. 2017)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563."]}

Argyrochlamys cavicola (Parent, 1929) (Figure 4A) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 25.xi.2015, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Sudan (Mersa Halaib) and further recorded from Djibouti and Oman (Grichanov 2018, p. 27). Remarks. This species is commonly found in burrows of the littoral turret-building crab Ocypode Weber (M.J. Ebejer, NMWC; personal communication)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1439, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Hercostomus plagiatus (Loew, 1857) (Figure 4B) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 19.vi.–9.vii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Austria and further recorded from Algeria, Tunisia and Europe (widespread) (Kechev 2017; Grichanov 2017a). Remarks. The biology is unknown. This species was found in a range of wetlands including fens, damp wood and coastal locations; larvae may be semi-aquatic predators (Falk and Crossley 2005)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on pages 1440-1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Kechev M. 2017. New records of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Greece. Silva Balcanica. 10 (1): 53 - 57.","Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563.","Falk SJ, Crossley R. 2005. A review of the scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain. Part 3: Empidoidea. Species Status. 3: 1 - 134. (Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee)."]}

Chrysotus suavis Loew, 1857 (Figure 3B) Specimens examined 1♀, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 15–30.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS). Distribution This genus is recorded from Saudi Arabia for the first time. Chrysotus suavis was described from Germany and Hungary and is further recorded from many countries of the Palaearctic Region including Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Morocco and Turkey; it is excluded from the Afrotropical Region (DR Congo) by Grichanov (2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1438, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Asyndetus albifacies Parent, 1929 Distribution This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Grichanov (2013); El-Hawagry et al. (2016, 2017). It was described from Hala'ib Triangle (Egypt – Sudan border) and further recorded from Israel (Grichanov 2013)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1437, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2013. Afrotropical species of the genus Asyndetus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with notes on some Palaearctic and Oriental species. In: Grichanov IYa, Negrobov OP, editors. Fauna and taxonomy of Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Collection of papers. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl.); p. 27 - 46.","El-Hawagry MS, Abdel-Dayem MS, Elgharbawy AA, Al-Dhafer HM. 2016. A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Zookeys. 636: 107 - 139. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905.","El-Hawagry MS, Abdel-Dayem MS, El-Sonbati SA, Al-Dhafer HM. 2017. A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Garf Raydah, Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). J Nat Hist. 51 (25 - 26): 1499 - 1530. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2017. 1347299."]}

Medetera grisescens De Meijere, 1916 (Figure 5E) Specimens examined 1♂, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC). Distribution The genus Medetera is firstly recorded from Saudi Arabia. The material examined is the closest to Medetera grisescens, which is described from Indonesia: Java, Djakarta and Wonosobo. It is known from many countries of the Oriental (Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, China (Taiwan), Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Malaysia, Singapore), Australasian (Australia, American Samoa, Fiji, Hawaiian Is., Bonin Is., New Caledonia, Northern Mariana, Western Samoa) and Afrotropical (Seychelles, Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius) regions (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1444, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Asyndetus albifrons Parent, 1929 (Figure 3A) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, AbuAresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 4.iii.2013, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Egypt (Bir Abrag, South Eastern desert) and further recorded from Iraq (Grichanov 2017a)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1437, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563."]}

Syntormon pumilus (Meigen, 1824) (Figure 6D) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Al-Souda, Al-Muqtha Dam, 1.ii.2012, Sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species is widespread in the Palaearctic region (Grichanov 2018). However, some old records may belong to Syntormon denticulatus (Zetterstedt) and should be confirmed., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1447, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Thinophilus spinulosus Parent, 1929 (Figure 5D) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 10–31.v.2016, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Sudan (Halaib: Red Sea coast) and is further recorded from Nigeria and Somalia (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1444, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Thinophilus promotus Becker, 1910 (Figure 5C) Specimens examined 1♂, Jazan, Um Al-Raq Island, 10–31.v.2016, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from South Yemen and further recorded from Djibouti (Grichanov 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2018. An annotated catalogue of Afrotropical Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 25); p. 1 - 152."]}

Hydrophorus praecox (Lehmann, 1822) Distribution This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Grichanov (1997, 1998). H. praecox is almost a cosmopolitan species., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1441, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYA. 1997. A brief review of the Afrotropical fauna of the subfamily Hydrophorinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with description of Cemocarus stuckenbergi sp. n. Int J Dipt Res. 8 (3): 149 - 157.","Grichanov IYa. 1998. Afrotropical species of the genus Tachytrechus Haliday (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Int J Dipt Res. 9 (2): 115 - 122."]}

Micromorphus aereus (Vaillant, 1953) (Figure 6A) Specimens examined 1♂, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 30.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2♂, same data but 1–25.v.2013 (CERS). Distribution This is the first record from Saudi Arabia. The species was described from Algeria and further recorded from Egypt and Israel (Grichanov 2017a)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, The family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula: identification key, an updated list of species and new records from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1425-1454 in Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22) on page 1445, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1800118, http://zenodo.org/record/5030446, {"references":["Grichanov IYa. 2017 a. Alphabetic list of generic and specific names of predatory flies of the epifamily Dolichopodoidae (Diptera). 2 nd ed. St. Petersburg: VIZR (Plant Protection News Suppl. 23); p. 1 - 563."]}

Musca (Byomya) confiscata Speiser, 1924 (Fig. 5) Musca confiscata Speiser, 1924: 104. Musca confiscata Speiser 1924: Replacement name for M. fasciata Stein, 1910 (junior homonym). Specimens examined. 1f, Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 3–24.ix.2015, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1f, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–17.vi.2003, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. The species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2017). It was described from Seychelles. In the Middle East it has been recorded from Oman by Pont (1991) and from Yemen by van Emden (1948). Biological remarks. It was recorded as a sweat fly on cattle and buffalo, it also feeds on blood (Pont 1991). Larvae are only known to develop in cow dung (Skidmore 1985; Gregor et al. 2002)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Speiser, P. (1924) Eine Ubersicht uber die Dipterenfauna Deutsch-Ostafrikas .. In: Beitrage aus der Tierkunde. Herrn Geh. Regierungsrat Prof. Dr. med. et phil. M. Braun aus Anlass seines goldenen medizinischen Doktor-Jubilaums als Festgabe dargebracht von Schulern und Freunden. Grafe & Unzer, Konigsberg (Kaliningrad), pp. 90 - 156.","Stein, P. (1910) The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr J. Stanley Gardiner. Vol. 3. No. 1 X. Diptera, Anthomyidae, mit den Gattungen Rhinia und Idiella. Transaction of The Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, Series 2, 14, 149 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 00528. x","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","van Emden, F. I. (1948) Diptera: Muscidae. In: Expedition to South-West Arabia 1937 - 1938. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 161 - 175.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp.","Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. & Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280."]}

Lispe scalaris Loew, 1847 (Fig. 64) Lispe scalaris Loew, 1847: 28. This species was until recently known by the name of its junior synonym Lispe persica Becker, 1904:22. Specimens examined. 1m, 1f, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 10–20.i.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1f, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 15.v.–11.vi.2006, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1m, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–30.v.2004, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Dawah & Abdullah (2009). It was described from Turkey and is further recorded in the Middle East from Egypt, Iran, Israel, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Pont 1986; Deeming 2008; Vikhrev 2014). All these records have been given under the name of its synonym L. persica. Taxonomic remarks. There is variation within L. scalaris individuals collected from Niger, Oman and Yemen in that some specimens have the silvery white marking at the bases of the vertical bristles broadly connected to the pale markings of the lower occiput and also some females having all femora and tibiae yellow. There are slight differences in the shapes of male surstyli between material from Niger (Aïr Massif) and Maraba., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Loew, H. (1847) Ein Paar neue Fliegen zum neuen Jahr. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 8, 23 - 32.","Becker, T. (1904) Die palaearktischen Formen der Dipterengattung Lispa Latr. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, Neue Folge, 29, 1 - 70.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723.","Vikhrev, N. E. (2014) Taxonomic notes on Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae). Parts, 1 - 9. Amurian Zoological Journal, VI (2), 147 - 170."]}

Atherigona (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner, 1868 (Fig. 43) Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868: 295. Atherigona excisa (Thomson) is an often cited synonym. Specimens examined. 1m, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 1–20.xi.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Beccari (1971). This species is tropically and subtropically cosmopolitan. It was described from the Nicobar Islands. In Arabian Peninsula it is known from Oman and Yemen (Pont 1991). Biological remarks. Developing in a variety of substrates, from rotting fruit to dung, the larvae are active predators upon those of other flies and other soft-bodied insects., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbait, Zoologischer Theil 2. 1 (B). Kaiserlich-K, Wien, VI + 388 pp.","Beccari, F. (1971) Contribuo alla conoscenza dell' Entomofauna dell' Arabia Saudita. Primo elenco di insetti, acari e nematodi (Part). Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale, 65, 178 - 211.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265."]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) varia (Meigen, 1826) (Fig. 40) Anthomyia varia Meigen, 1826: 187. Specimens examined. 1m, Jazan, Sabya, Basahy Farm, 4–25.iii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1m, Al-Hassa, 23.vi.2008, sweeping (palm grove), K. Al-Hudaib (NMWC). Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia. This species was described without type-locality being specified. In the Middle East it is known from Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria, Turkey and United Arab Emirates (Pont et al. 2005). Biological remarks. Biology unknown. Like other species of the subgenus Atherigona, its larvae develop in the shoots of grasses and cereals (Deeming 2008)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zwei-flugeligen Insekten. 5. Schultz, Hamm, 412 pp.","Pont, A. C., Werner, D. & Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723."]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) conigera van Emden, 1940 (Fig. 28) Atherigona (Atherigona) conigera van Emden, 1940: 118. Specimens examined. 2m, Asir, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen, 19.vi.–9.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (CERS); 2m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 6–27.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Menhel, 1–19.ii.2014, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 3m, 2f, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2017). It was described from Kenya, Uganda and Yemen. No other material is known from the Arabian Peninsula (Pont 1991). Biological remarks. Reared from Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst in Kenya and Pennisetum purpureum Schumach in Ethiopia., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["van Emden, F. I. (1940) s. n. In: Muscidae: B, Coenosiinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 1935. Vol. II (4). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 91 - 255.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265."]}

Pyrellina garmsi Zielke, 1971 (Fig. 14) Pyrellina garmsi Zielke, 1971: 33. Specimens examined. 1f, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia. It was described from Liberia., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Zielke, E. (1971) Revision der Muscinae der athiopischen Region. Series entomologica 7, Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 010 - 3151 - 6"]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) theodori Hennig, 1963 (Fig. 39) Atherigona (Atherigona) theodori Hennig, 1963: 2 as a variety of laevigata Loew. Specimens examined. 1m, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 1.ii.–3.iv.2011, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1f, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 17.ix.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2m, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1f, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–30.v.2004, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 2m, 3f, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 15.v.–11.vi.2006, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 8m, 47f, Al-Dawaseer, Al-Joba village, 1.iii.–30.iv.2005, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah and M.A. Abdullah (NMWC; CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah 2009). It was described from Egypt. In the Middle East it it has been recorded from Egypt, Palestine, Oman, and Yemen (Pont 1991; Deeming 2000; 2008). Taxonomic remarks. A. (Atherigona) theodori is very closely related to A. (Atherigona) laevigata but the former flourishes in drier conditions while the latter prefers damp situations (Deemimg 2000: 286)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Hennig, W. (1963) Zwei neue palaarktische Arten aus der Familie Muscidae (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 101, 1 - 3.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","Deeming, J. C. (2000) Muscidae: Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9, 283 - 287.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723."]}

Helina ponti Deeming sp. nov. Male (Fig. 22 & 23A, B, C) Type material examined. Holotype, male, Abha, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen, 19.vi.–9.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A.Dawah (NMWC). Paratypes 2♂ same data as holotype (NMWC; CERS). Type locality. Saudi Arabia, Abha, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen. Size. Length 5mm, of wing 5mm. Colour. A black species, rather heavily dark grey dusted, except for parafrontalia and parafacialia, which are silver dusted; legs dirty yellow on mid and hind coxae, on all trochanters, on all knees and bases of femora and on tibiae of mid and hind legs; wing hyaline with brown veins, but wing base dirty yellow and squamae whitish grey with pale yellow margins and fringes white; haltere yellow; anterior crossvein situated in a distinct black spot, the hind crossvein very weakly and narrowly fumose, this most noticeable anteriorly; mesonotum with three darker subshiny longitudinal vittae; tergites 3 and 4 with a pair of well separated subshiny black spots occupying quite three quarters of their lengths; lobes of pregenital sternite (sternite 5) dirty yellow; chaetotaxy black throughout, except for dense short pale setulae clothing barette. Head. Deeper than long; frons narrowest at mid length, there 0.14 x width of head and 0.33 x its median length; ratio of depth of gena: height of eye = 3:16; width of parfacialia at middle equal to width of postpedicel; 3 inferior orbital setae, of which the most anterior is by far the longest and strongest and which is equal in length to the ocellar; a slightly longer and stronger internal vertical seta, the external vertical no longer than the postoculars; postocellars weak, only two fifths of length of ocellars and with an equally developed seta on either side situated on median occipital sclerite; vibrissa very long, longer than the arista, and with a single row of genal setae of half its length, becoming shorter posteriorly; arista long plumose, the rays extending almost to apex. Thorax. One postpronotal seta; 1+2 notopleural, the more posterior of which is much weaker and only two thirds of length of the more anterior; 2+3 long dorsocentral; 1 posthumeral on a level with most anterior dorsocentral; prealar seta inconspicuous; c.6 irregular rows of intradorsocentral setulae presuturally, becoming more numerous postsuturally; 1 weak prescutellar, only half length of adjacent dorsocentral; scutellum with the usual lateral and apical marginals and all setulae situated above the insertions of the marginals; katepisternum with 2+2 upper setae, of which the lower pair are much the shorter and weaker and with a dense clump of strongly downwardly-directed rather blunt strong setae in front of and between mid coxae; no hairs present beneath metathoracic spiracle. Legs. Fore femur with a row of strong posteroventral setae occupying almost full length; fore tibia lacking posterior seta; tarsi with some longer apical hairs on apical segment; mid femur with three long erect posteroventrals on basal half and with two preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with two posterior setae; hind trochanter with a dense group of short backwardly-directed spinose setae on ventral surface; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae extending from near base to level of the strong preapical anterior setae, with a posterior preapical and a posterodorsal just basad of it, anteroventrally with a row of long setae and a single short erect posteroventral slightly beyond mid length; hind tibia with two long anterodorsals on shaft and an apicoventral flange. Wing. Costal spine quite one half as long as distance separating mouths of Sc and R 1; posterior crossvein presenting a slightly concave bend to wing margin. Abdomen. Very long setose laterally on all but postabdomen, marginally on tergites 4–5 and discally on 5; sternites dusted as tergites, sternites 2–4 each with a pair of fine setae situated at mid length of sclerite and as long as it; sternite 5 (the pregenital) (Fig. 23A) very large and conspicuous, medially cleft for three quarters of its length, the lobes rounded and bearing only weak hairs; terminalia (Fig. 23B,C) with hypopygium dorsally humped, the fused cerci broadest at apex, where they are truncate and with a slightly concave apical margin, their surface bearing numerous upwardly-directed spicules, laterally with a few upwardly-directed setae and dorsally with numerous long setae and setulae, the surstyli longer and pointed, their anterior surfaces spiculate, posteriorly pilose on apical half. Female. Unknown. Diagnosis. This species runs to couplet 117 (114) in van Emden’s 1951 key, but differs from the species to which that leads (H. hirtipes Macquart nominate ssp. and ssp. metatarsalis van Emden) in having the tip of the fore femur conspicuously pale and the fore tibia not densely villose on ventral surface. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Adrian Pont, whose contribution to the knowledge of Muscidae has been so considerable and who was kind enough to examine this material and advise the author. He considers this species to be probably of Afrotropical, rather than of Palaearctic origin., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["van Emden, F. I. (1951) s. n. In: Muscidae: C. Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae and Phaoniinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 1935. Vol. II (6). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 325 - 710."]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) bedfordi van Emden, 1940 (Fig. 27) Atherigona (Atherigona) bedfordi van Emden, 1940: 120. Atherigona humeralis Wiedemann sensu Hennig, 1964 et auctt., non Skidmore 1985 nec Pont 1986. Specimens examined. 1m, 1f, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 9–30.v.2014, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, 1f, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 23.xii.2012, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (CERS); 2m, same data but 1–30.v.2004, (CERS); 3f, same data but 1–17.vi.2003 (NMWC); 1f, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, M. A. Abdullah (NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Dawah & Abdullah, (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2017). It was described from Sudan. Pont (1991) recorded it from Oman and Deemig (2000) from Egypt. Biological remarks. The types were reared from sorghum grown on residual water on the flood plain of the River Nile at Shendi and Shambat in Sudan (van Emden 1940). The late Dr. El-Serwy reared it from a dead heart in cultivated wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in Egypt (Deeming 2000: 284). Taxonomic remarks. The synonymys of A. humeralis Wiedemann and A. bedfordi are very confusing. Hennig wrongly placed A. bedfordi as a junior synonym of humeralis without having seen the type. Drs. A.C. Pont and J.C. Deeming have examined the type of A. humeralis and found it to be the same species as A. ferruginea van Emden. Thus a lot of records from a variety of authors during the intervening period are based upon misidentifications., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["van Emden, F. I. (1940) s. n. In: Muscidae: B, Coenosiinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 1935. Vol. II (4). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 91 - 255.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Deeming, J. C. (2000) Muscidae: Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9, 283 - 287."]}

Brontaea versicolor (Stein 1906) Limnophora versicolor Stein 1906: 63. Later transferred into Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy, now synonymised with Brontaea Kowarz. Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia and Oman by Pont (1991) and Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Madagascar. It was recorded from Yemen (van Emden 1948). Biological remarks. Reared from cow dung (Skidmore 1985). Distributional Remarks. Another Brontaea species, B. flexa Wiedemann, has been collected in Oman. The addition of these two species to the Arabian fauna doubles the number of species known from there. Some 40 species are known and occur in all zoogeographical regions but mostly the Palaeotropical., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Stein, P. (1906) Die afrikanischen Anthomyiden des Konigl. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 51, 33 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 47919060104","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Centre, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 394 pp.","van Emden, F. I. (1948) Diptera: Muscidae. In: Expedition to South-West Arabia 1937 - 1938. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 161 - 175.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp."]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) reversura Villeneuve, 1936 (Fig. 37)xxx Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, 1936: 13. Specimen examined. 1m, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy fruit farm, 1-30.v.2004, Malaise trap, H. A.Dawah. (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Dawah & Abdullah (2009). It was described from China. In the Middle East it is known from Oman and Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (Deeming 2008; El-Hawagry et al. 2016; 2017). Biological remarks. A. reversura is a serious pest which can cause severe damage to plants. Although the larvae of A. reversura known as Bermudagrass breeds mainly in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) which is regarded as invasive pest species in USA (Grzywacz et al. 2013; Patitucci et al. 2016), other Poaceae host plants have been listed by Pont & Magpayo (1995) such as Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Eleusine coracana Gaertn, Eriochloa procera (Retz.), Sehima nervosum (Rottler), Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays L. Grzywacz et al. (2013) described the immature stages of A. reversura but the life cycle and the biology has yet to be researched. Since its initial introduction to the U.S.A. it has in a very short time increased its distribution from Canada to Chile and Argentina., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Villeneuve, J. (1936) 52. Dipteren. 16. Muscidae. In: Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen Art der Expedition Dr. David Hummerl 1927 - 1930. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 27 A (34), pp. 1 - 13.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","Grzywacz, A., Pape, T., Hudson, W. G. & Gomez, S. (2013) Morphology and immature stages of Atherigona reversura (Diptera: Muscidae) with notes on the recent invasion of North America. Journal of Natural History, 47 (15 - 16), 1055 - 1067. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2012.742244","Pont, A. C. & Magpayo, F. R. (1995) Muscid shoot-flies of the Philippine Islands (Diptera: Muscidae, genus Atherigona Rondani). Bulletin of Entomological Research, Supplement Series, Supplement No. 3, 1 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1367426900000321"]}

Lispe nana Macquart, 1835 (Fig. 61) Lispa nana Macquart, 1835: 703. Specimens examined. 2m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 13.iii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2m, 2f, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 2f, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–30.v.2004, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2018). It was described from France. In the Middle East it is known from Iran, Iraq, Oman, Turkey, Yemen and United Arab Emirates (Pont 1991; Pont et al. 2005; Deeming 2008; Vikhrev 2014)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Macquart, J. (1835) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Dipteres. Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 703 or 710 pp, pls. 13 - 24.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 52 (21 - 22), 1377 - 1393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1456575","Pont, A. C., Werner, D. & Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723.","Vikhrev, N. E. (2014) Taxonomic notes on Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae). Parts, 1 - 9. Amurian Zoological Journal, VI (2), 147 - 170."]}

Muscina prolapsa (Harris, 1780) (Fig. 15) Musca prolapse Harris, 1780: 139. According to Chandler (1998: 174) the name prolapse has been used in error. Muscina pabulorum (Fallén, 1817: 252) is a synonym of M. prolapsa (Harris 1780). Specimens examined. 2m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha farm centre), 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, same data but 12.ii.2014 (CERS). Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia. This species was described without type-locality being specific. In the Middle East it has been recorded from Egypt, Iraq and Israel (Pont 1986). Biological remarks. Bernhardt et al. (2016) reported that all buried rat carcasses were heavily infested by the larvae of M. prolapsa and that the development of M. prolapsa is temperature dependent and is, therefore, useful for calculating the post-mortem interval., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Harris, M. (1780) An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, wherein each insect is particularly described; its parts and properties considered; the different sexes distinguished, and the natural history faithfully related. The whole illustrated with copper plates, drawn, engraved, and coloured, by the author. Decad 5. Privately published, London, pp. 139 - 166, pls. 41 - 50.","Chandler, P. (1998) Checklists of Insects of the British Isles. New Series. Part 1. Diptera. Vol. 12. Royal Entomological Society, 234 pp.","Fallen, C. F. (1817) Beskrifning Ofver de i Sverige funna fluge arter, som kunna foras till slagtet Musca. Forsta afdelningen. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 3 (1816), 226 - 254.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215.","Bernhardt, V., Fremdt, H., Huibregts, H., Verhoff, M. A. & Amendt, J. (2016) Muscina prolapsa (Harris, 1780) so far an understanding tool in forensic Entomology. Rechtsmedizin, 26 (2), 97 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00194 - 015 - 0073 - y"]}

Limnophora aculeipes aculeipes Stein, 1913 (Fig. 50) Limnophora aculeipes Stein, 1913: 521. Specimens examined. 1m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha farm centre), 1–25.v.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC), det. Dr A. C. Pont. Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2017). It was described from Ethiopia. Biological remarks. The larvae of some species of Limnophora are aquatic, inhabiting running water. They prey mainly on oligochaetes and small insect larvae (e.g. psychodids, ceratopogonids etc.). Some species however, breed in dung or rotting fruit or decaying plant or animal matter (e.g. Limnophora quaterna Loew) (Gregor et al. 2002). They hatch in the second or third instar (Pont 1991)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Stein, P. (1913) Neue afrikanische Anthomyiden. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 11, 457 - 583.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. & Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280."]}

Musca (Eumusca) autumnalis De Geer, 1776 Musca autumnalis De Geer 1776: 83 Distribution. This species was recorded from Saudi Arabia by El-Hawagry et al. (2016). It was described from Sweden. In the Middle East it was recorded from Turkey (Pont et al. 2005). Taxonomic remarks. This species is closely related to the house fly but is slightly larger, it is 7–8 mm long and grey in colour with four dark stripes on the thorax, and a grey-black patterned abdomen (Gregor et al. 2002). Biological remarks. It is a non-biting fly. The larvae feed on manure juices and plant sugars. Adults feed during the day on secretions around the eyes, mouth and nostrils on cattle and horses (Gregor et al. 2002). It is considered a pest species, as it transmits eyeworm Thelazia spp. (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) to cattle and horses, and pinkeye (conjunctivitis) in cattle. The latter is an infection of the surface of the eye by the bacteria Moraxella bovis as a result of irritants by pollen grain or dust scratching the cornea of the eye which increases the secretion of tears from the eye. This then attracts M. autumnalis to feed on the tears, which spreads M. bovis that causes pinkeye in cattle (Krafsur & Moon 1997; Giangaspero et al. 2004; Pont et al. 2005). Bradbury et al. (2018) reported a case of Thelaziasis in the eye of a 26 year old women where 14 worms of T. gulosa (Railliet & Henry) were found to have been transmitted by this species. There is a record that this species has also caused myiasis in cattle (Gilarriortua 2015)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["De Geer, C. (1776) Memoires pour server a l' histoire des insects. Vol. 6. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, viii + 523 pp.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905","Pont, A. C., Werner, D. & Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130","Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. & Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280.","Krafsur, E. S. & Moon, R. D. (1997) Bionomics of the face fly, Musca autumnalis. Annual Review of Entomology, 42, 503 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 42.1.503","Giangaspero, A., Traversa, D. & Otranto, D. (2004) Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy. Parasitologia, 46 (1 - 2), 257 - 259.","Bradbury, R. S., Breen, K. v., Bonura, E. M., Hoyt, J. W. & Bishop, H. S. (2018) case report: conjunctival infestation with Thelaziz gulosa: A novel agent of human Thelaziasis in the United States. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98 (4), 1171 - 1174. https: // doi. org / 10.4269 / ajtmh. 17 - 0870","Gilarriortua, M. (2015) First record of Musca autumnalis De Geer, 1776 (Dipera: Muscidae) species involved in a myiasis case in the Basque country cattle (Iberian Peninsula). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 55, 312 - 316."]}

Specimens of Muscidae species recorded in this study in NMWC In NMWC there is material available for examination of some of the species recorded in this study collected mainly from Middle East and Africa, available for those who wish to revise the family or particular genus. These are: Musca (Byomya) conducens; Brontaea tonitrui; Atherigona (Atherigona) bedfordi; A. (Atherigona) conigera; A. (Atherigona) humeralis; A. (Atherigona) hyalinipennis; A. (Atherigona) laevigata; A. (Atherigona) longifolia; A. (Atherigona) naqvii; A. (Atherigona) pulla; A. (Atherigona) varia; Dimorphia congnata; Limnophora rufimana; Lispe scalaris; L. tentaculata; Anaphalantus longicornis; Lispocephala mikii.

Musca (Philaematomyia) crassirostris Stein in Becker, 1903 (Fig. 11) Musca crassirostris Stein in Becker 1903: 99. Specimens examined. 1f, Jazan, Farasan Island, Aziz Yousef Village, 29.x.2014, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, 1f, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 6–27.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2m, 1f, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy fruit farm, 1–17.vi.2003, Malaise (NMWC; CERS); 1m, same data but 1–30.v.2004 (CERS); 1m, Jazan, Sabya, Al-Sunef mango farm, 8.v.–17.vi.2003, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah and M.A. Abdullah (NMWC); 1m, Asir, Tahama Tanoma, Al-Bekra village, 20.i. 2003, swept from grasses, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2018). It was described from Egypt. In the Middle East it is known from Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Mellor 1978; Pont 1980; 1991; Deeming 2008; Dawah & Abdullah 2009). Biological remarks. The biology of M. (Philaematomyia) crassirostris is very similar to that of some species of stomoxyine Muscidae (Haematobia Le Peletier & Serville), although it is not a stomoxyine (Crosskey 1993). Larvae breed mainly in cow dung (Zimin 1951; Pont 1991) and horse dung (Greenberg 1973) and adults are bloodfeeders on cattle and buffalo (Deeming 2008; Patton & Cragg 1912). Thomson (1947) studied the biology of this species and noted that very fresh dung was favoured, oviposition following soon after that of Haematobia and Brontaea Kowarz. Several authors comment on the blood-feeding habits of this species. Greenberg (1973) and Pont (1991) reported that the proboscis in this species has greatly enlarged prestomal teeth with which it is able to pierce soft skin of the host to promote a flow of blood. It is an important disease-carrying species amongst stock animals (Desquesnes et al. 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2, 67 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830020301","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 52 (21 - 22), 1377 - 1393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1456575","Mellor, P. S. (1978) Biting flies attacking cattle in the Dhofar province of the Sultanate of Oman. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 10, 167 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02235332","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723.","Crosskey, R. W. (1993) Stable-flies and horn-flies (bloodsucking Muscidae). In: Lane, R. P. & Crosskey, R. W. (Eds.), Medical Insects and Arachnids. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 389 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 1554 - 4 _ 10","Zimin, L. S. (1951) Family Muscidae (Tribes Muscini, Stomoxydini). Fauna S. S. S. R. Insecta-Diptera, 18, 45 - 286. [in Russian]","Greenberg, B. (1973) Flies and Disease. Vol. II. Ecology, classification and biotic associations. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 447 pp.","Patton, W. S. & Cragg, F. W. (1912) The life history of Philaematomyia insignis Austen. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 5, 515 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1912.11686372","Thomson, R. C. M. (1947) Notes on the breeding habits and early stages of some muscids associated with cattle in Assam. Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of London, Ser. A, 22, 89 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3032.1947. tb 01159. x","Desquesnes, M., Onju, S., Chalermwong, P., Jittapalapong, S. & Masmeatathip, R. (2018) A review and illustrated description of Musca crassirostris, one of the most neglected haematophagous livestock flies. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 33 (1), 16 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12339"]}

Musca (Byomya) conducens Walker, 1859 (Fig. 4) Musca conducens Walker 1859: 138. Specimens examined. 1f, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–31.xii.2004, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia. It was described from Celebes. In the Middle East it is known from Israel, Jordan and United Arab Emirates (Pont 1980; Skidmore 1985; Deeming 2008)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Walker, F. (1859) Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species [part]. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 4 (1860), 90 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1859. tb 00187. x","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723."]}

Lispe tentaculata (De Geer, 1776) (Fig. 65) Musca tentaculata De Geer, 1776: 86. Specimens examined. 3m, Asir, Abha, Hey Al-Nusub (Abha Farm Centre), 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS) Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia. It was described without type-locality being specified. In the Middle East is recorded from Egypt, Iran, Israel, Syria, Turkey (Pont 1986; Pont et al. 2005; Vikhrev 2014)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["De Geer, C. (1776) Memoires pour server a l' histoire des insects. Vol. 6. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, viii + 523 pp.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215.","Pont, A. C., Werner, D. & Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130","Vikhrev, N. E. (2014) Taxonomic notes on Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae). Parts, 1 - 9. Amurian Zoological Journal, VI (2), 147 - 170."]}

Myospila maculiseta Snyder, 1940 Myospila maculiseta Snyder, 1940: 9. Later transferred into Mydaea Robineau-Desvoidy now synonymised with Myospila Rondani. Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from Zimbabwe (as “ Rhodesia ”). In the Middle East it is recorded from Yemen (van Emden 1948; Pont 1980; 1991)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Snyder, F. M. (1940). A review of the genus Myospila Rondani with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Muscidae). American Museum Novites, 1087, 1 - 10.","Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates, Methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Vindobonae (Vienna), [30] + 420 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119976","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congresta profert iconibusque illustrat. eregio typoguapheo scholarum, Kiliae, 60 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77322","Thomson, C. G. (1869) Diptera. Species novas descripsit C. G. Thomson. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befall af C. A. Virgin aren 1851 - 1853. 2 (Zoologi) (section), 1, Insecta. Almqvist & Wiksells, Uppsala, pp. 443 - 614.","Stein, P. (1913) Neue afrikanische Anthomyiden. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 11, 457 - 583.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Centre, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 394 pp.","van Emden, F. I. (1948) Diptera: Muscidae. In: Expedition to South-West Arabia 1937 - 1938. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 161 - 175.","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265."]}

Helina lucida (Stein, 1913) (Fig. 21) Mydaea lucida Stein, 1913: 493. Specimens examined. 2m, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 1m, 1f, Asir, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen, 25.ii.–1.v.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2013). It was described from South Africa. Biological remarks. This species has been reared from poultry manure in South Africa by Hulley (1986). Skidmore (1985) stated that it is not known whether this is a member of the cow dung community or a casual intruder from somewhere else. van Emden (1951) reported that H. lucida adults visit honeydew., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Stein, P. (1913) Neue afrikanische Anthomyiden. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 11, 457 - 583.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Khalil, M. W., Sharaf, M. R., Fadl, H. H. & Aldawood, A. S. (2013) A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha province, Saudi Arabia, with description of two new species. Zookeys, 274, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 274.4529","Hulley, P. E. (1986) Factors affecting numbers of Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) and some other flies breeding in poultry manure. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 49, 19 - 27.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp.","van Emden, F. I. (1951) s. n. In: Muscidae: C. Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae and Phaoniinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 1935. Vol. II (6). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 325 - 710."]}

Lispe bengalensis (Robinean-Desvoidy, 1930) (Fig. 56) Limnophora bengalensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1930: 518. Specimens examined. 1m, Jazan, Water Treatment Works, 7.ix.2014, sweeping on mangrove by coast, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from India. In terms of Middle Eastern material, there is a specimen labelled “Middle East, 1941-2, J.W. Macfie” and identified by F.I. van Emden. The scanty data is not surprising, since there was a war going on and the collector may have forgotten in the turmoil where he collected it. Prior to this J.W. Macfie was a medical doctor in Nigeria who collected insects of medical importance, mainly mosquitoes. There is also a specimen from Port Said, 15.vi.23, R. Loveridge and a further three specimens labelled “Qater Al Khor, Purple Island, 25.iv.2014, D. Whitmore. Taxonomic remarks. This specimen lacks a posterior bristle on the fore tibia. The adults of species in the genus Lispe display morphological variation in populations. It is a fly with a grey abdomen bearing black spots and a silvery grey face. Biological remarks. The predaceous larvae live in moist sand and mud alongside water.Adults prey upon other insects and arthropods, both adult and immature (Gregor et al. 2002, Deeming 2008). Adults are more likely to be found running on mud., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Centre, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. & Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723."]}

Brontaea tonitrui (Wiedemann, 1824) (Fig. 18) Anthomyia tonitrui Wiedemann, 1824: 52. Later transferred into Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy, now synonymised with Brontaea Kowarz. Specimens examined. 1m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha farm centre), 20.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2m, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Alsad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1f, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991). Pont (1991) believes that Anthomyia tempestatum Wiedemann, which was recorded by Al-Houty (1989) from Kuwait, is in fact B. tonitrui. In the Middle East it was recorded from Kuwait and Oman (Pont 1991). Biological remarks. The larvae of Brontaea live in mammal dung and sometimes in bird droppings. They hatch in the second instar and are obligate carnivores. Adults of B. tonitrui are attracted by faeces and carrion (Gregor et al. 2002) and they have been reared from human faeces (Skidmore 1985) and also cow dung (Pont 1991)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congresta profert iconibusque illustrat. eregio typoguapheo scholarum, Kiliae, 60 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 77322","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Al-Houty, W. (1989) Insect Fauna of Kuwait. Kuwait; Fahad Al-Marzouk, Printing & Publishing Establishment, Kuwait, 189 pp.","Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. & Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp."]}

Morellia nilotica (Loew, 1856) (Fig. 2) Cyrtoneura nilotica Loew, 1856: 48. Specimens examined. 2m, Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 5–26.i.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia. It was described from Egypt. In the Middle East it has been recorded from Lebanon (Pont 1980)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Loew, H. (1856) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dipteren. Vierter Beitrag Programm Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, 1856, 1 - 57.","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761."]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) humeralis (Wiedemann, 1830) (Fig. 30) Coenosia humeralis Wiedemann, 1830: 441; Pont, 1986; Skidmore 1985, non Hennig,1964 nec auctt., syn. A. ferruginea van Emden, 1940. Specimens examined. 2m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 6–27.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 2f, same data but 3.iii.–3.vi.2001; 1m, Asir, Keratha, Al-Ethrebany Fruit Farm, 1–20.xi.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1f, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–30.v.2004, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC); 1m, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 1–29.iv.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2013; 2016; 2017). It was described from Sudan. In the Middle East it has been recorded from Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Oman and the United Arab Emirates (Pont 1980; 1991; Deeming 2008). Biological remarks. Reared from Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. in Kenya., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten (concl.). Vol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xii + 684 pp.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp.","van Emden, F. I. (1940) s. n. In: Muscidae: B, Coenosiinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 1935. Vol. II (4). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 91 - 255.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Khalil, M. W., Sharaf, M. R., Fadl, H. H. & Aldawood, A. S. (2013) A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha province, Saudi Arabia, with description of two new species. Zookeys, 274, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 274.4529","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723."]}

Helina ponti Deeming sp. nov. Male (Fig. 22 & 23A, B, C) Type material examined. Holotype, male, Abha, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen, 19.vi.–9.vii.2013, Malaise trap, H.A.Dawah (NMWC). Paratypes 2♂ same data as holotype (NMWC; CERS). Type locality. Saudi Arabia, Abha, Al-Souda, Bani Mazen. Size. Length 5mm, of wing 5mm. Colour. A black species, rather heavily dark grey dusted, except for parafrontalia and parafacialia, which are silver dusted; legs dirty yellow on mid and hind coxae, on all trochanters, on all knees and bases of femora and on tibiae of mid and hind legs; wing hyaline with brown veins, but wing base dirty yellow and squamae whitish grey with pale yellow margins and fringes white; haltere yellow; anterior crossvein situated in a distinct black spot, the hind crossvein very weakly and narrowly fumose, this most noticeable anteriorly; mesonotum with three darker subshiny longitudinal vittae; tergites 3 and 4 with a pair of well separated subshiny black spots occupying quite three quarters of their lengths; lobes of pregenital sternite (sternite 5) dirty yellow; chaetotaxy black throughout, except for dense short pale setulae clothing barette. Head. Deeper than long; frons narrowest at mid length, there 0.14 x width of head and 0.33 x its median length; ratio of depth of gena: height of eye = 3:16; width of parfacialia at middle equal to width of postpedicel; 3 inferior orbital setae, of which the most anterior is by far the longest and strongest and which is equal in length to the ocellar; a slightly longer and stronger internal vertical seta, the external vertical no longer than the postoculars; postocellars weak, only two fifths of length of ocellars and with an equally developed seta on either side situated on median occipital sclerite; vibrissa very long, longer than the arista, and with a single row of genal setae of half its length, becoming shorter posteriorly; arista long plumose, the rays extending almost to apex. Thorax. One postpronotal seta; 1+2 notopleural, the more posterior of which is much weaker and only two thirds of length of the more anterior; 2+3 long dorsocentral; 1 posthumeral on a level with most anterior dorsocentral; prealar seta inconspicuous; c.6 irregular rows of intradorsocentral setulae presuturally, becoming more numerous postsuturally; 1 weak prescutellar, only half length of adjacent dorsocentral; scutellum with the usual lateral and apical marginals and all setulae situated above the insertions of the marginals; katepisternum with 2+2 upper setae, of which the lower pair are much the shorter and weaker and with a dense clump of strongly downwardly-directed rather blunt strong setae in front of and between mid coxae; no hairs present beneath metathoracic spiracle. Legs. Fore femur with a row of strong posteroventral setae occupying almost full length; fore tibia lacking posterior seta; tarsi with some longer apical hairs on apical segment; mid femur with three long erect posteroventrals on basal half and with two preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with two posterior setae; hind trochanter with a dense group of short backwardly-directed spinose setae on ventral surface; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae extending from near base to level of the strong preapical anterior setae, with a posterior preapical and a posterodorsal just basad of it, anteroventrally with a row of long setae and a single short erect posteroventral slightly beyond mid length; hind tibia with two long anterodorsals on shaft and an apicoventral flange. Wing. Costal spine quite one half as long as distance separating mouths of Sc and R 1; posterior crossvein presenting a slightly concave bend to wing margin. Abdomen. Very long setose laterally on all but postabdomen, marginally on tergites 4–5 and discally on 5; sternites dusted as tergites, sternites 2–4 each with a pair of fine setae situated at mid length of sclerite and as long as it; sternite 5 (the pregenital) (Fig. 23A) very large and conspicuous, medially cleft for three quarters of its length, the lobes rounded and bearing only weak hairs; terminalia (Fig. 23B,C) with hypopygium dorsally humped, the fused cerci broadest at apex, where they are truncate and with a slightly concave apical margin, their surface bearing numerous upwardly-directed spicules, laterally with a few upwardly-directed setae and dorsally with numerous long setae and setulae, the surstyli longer and pointed, their anterior surfaces spiculate, posteriorly pilose on apical half. Female. Unknown. Diagnosis. This species runs to couplet 117 (114) in van Emden’s 1951 key, but differs from the species to which that leads (H. hirtipes Macquart nominate ssp. and ssp. metatarsalis van Emden) in having the tip of the fore femur conspicuously pale and the fore tibia not densely villose on ventral surface. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Adrian Pont, whose contribution to the knowledge of Muscidae has been so considerable and who was kind enough to examine this material and advise the author. He considers this species to be probably of Afrotropical, rather than of Palaearctic origin.

Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758 Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758: 596. Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Abu-Thuraya (1982); Arafat (1974); Büttiker et al. (1979); Dabbour (1979b); Dabbour et al. (1980); Pont (1980; 1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2013; 2016; 2017; 2018). It was described from Europe and America. Taxonomic remarks. Pont (1991: 327) discussed the status of various forms/species (especially Musca (Musca) domestica calleva Walker, 1849 and Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758) within the domestica -complex in the Arabian Peninsula. M. domestica is one of the most widespread of all animals, having followed man to all parts of the world. Although it does not bite us, adults are dangerous vectors of different pathogens when they land on our food and these pathogens reach our digestive and respiratory systems. Its public health significance in Saudi Arabia has been reviewed by Büttiker et al. (1979). Its world-wide distribution and huge numbers make it one of the world’s worst pests. House-fly eggs are laid in decaying material of animal and or plant origin where the rate of fermentation is high (Skidmore 1985) such as rubbish dumps and manure heaps being particularly favoured. There are three subspecies with considerable differences in their biology and behaviour, M. (M.) domestica domestica L., M. (M.) domestica calleva Walker and M. (M.) domestica curviforceps Sacca & Rivosecchi (Hulley 1979). Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Fig. 9); spp. calleva Walker, 1849: 905. Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758: 596. Musca domestica ssp. calleva. Büttiker et al. (1979): 360 Specimens examined. 3m, Najran, Al-Shurfa, Saleh Maqbol Farm, 6–28.iii.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS; NMWC); 1f, same data but 1–29.iv.2013; 6m, Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub (Abha farm centre), 3.iii.–3.vi.2001, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC; CERS); 1f, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This subspecies was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Büttiker et al. (1979); Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2016). It was described from South Africa. Büttiker et al. (1979) believed that M. (Musca) calleva is more or less restricted to the Afrotropical Region. He also mentioned that this subspecies had been found in the Western and Central region of Saudi Arabia, but never in the Eastern region. In the Middle East it is known from Bahrain, Egypt, Oman, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Pont 1980; Pont 1991; Deeming 2008). Biological remarks. Büttiker et al. (1979) reported that M. (Musca) calleva occurs in slaughterhouses, hospitals, garbage dumps and outdoors in Saudi Arabia. Under warm conditions the whole life cycle may be complete in two weeks. Covering breeding sites with soil is one of the best ways of reducing house-fly populations. Taxonomic remarks. Al-Ahmadi & Salem (1999) listed Musca cuthbertsoni Patton as a synonym of M. (Musca) calleva. M. (Musca) calleva can be identified by the reduced size of the anterior post sutural dorsocentral setae. Pont (1986) stated that M. (Musca) calleva appears to occur sympatrically with M. domestica domestica, though there is most likely an ecological separation since hybridization appears not to occur, according to the limited amount of material available for him. Al-Ahmadi & Salem (1999) listed Musca cuthbertsoni and M. vicina under the genus Musca. These species are in fact synonyms of Musca (M.) domestica (Pont 1980). Therefore they are not listed in Table 2. Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Fig. 10); spp. domestica Linnaeus, 1758: 596. Specimens examined. 1m, 1f, Jazan, Abu Aresh, Al-Mahdag Village, 1.vii.–30.viii.2010, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. This subspecies was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Büttiker et al. (1979); Dabbour (1979 a,b); Dabbour & El-Dawy (1981). It was described from Europe and America. In the Middle East it has been recorded fron Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Turkey, UAE and Yemen (Pont 1991; Deeming 2008). Biological remarks. Skidmore (1985: 230) reported that this species breeds in dung (especially horse manure) and in numerous decaying substances where the rate of fermentation is high. Büttiker et al. (1979: 358) discussed the public health significance of this species in Saudi Arabia and suggested that it is the most common synanthropic species there., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Abu-Thuraya, N. H. (1982) General Survey, Agricultural in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Agriculture Research Department of Plant Protection, Riyadh, 326 pp.","Arafat, A. (1974) Agriculture Pests of Economic Importance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Vol. II. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 370 pp.","Buttiker, W., Attiah, M. D. & Pont, A. C. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Diptera: Synanthropic flies. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 352 - 367.","Dabbour, A. I. (1979 b) Note on dipterous flies in western and central regions of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Faculty of Science, Riyadh University, 10, 117 - 119.","Dabbour, A. I., Mostafa, A. S. S. & Gadallah, A. I. (1980) Composition of fly species in different habitats in Saudi Arabia. Journal of College of Agriculture, Riyadh University, 2, 75 - 78.","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum (part), Part 2 - Part 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 231 - 484, pp. 485 - 687 & pp. 688 - 1172.","Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp.","Hulley, P. E. (1979) Relationships of the Musca domestica subspecies calleva and curviforceps (Diptera: Muscidae) in Rhodesia. Systematic Entomology, 4, 223 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00639. x","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723.","Thomson, C. G. (1869) Diptera. Species novas descripsit C. G. Thomson. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befall af C. A. Virgin aren 1851 - 1853. 2 (Zoologi) (section), 1, Insecta. Almqvist & Wiksells, Uppsala, pp. 443 - 614.","Loew, H. (1856) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dipteren. Vierter Beitrag Programm Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, 1856, 1 - 57.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten (concl.). Vol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xii + 684 pp.","Al-Ahmadi, A. Z. & Salem, M. M. (1999) Entomofauna of Saudi Arabia. Part 1. Checklist of Insects. Academic Publishing & Press, King Saud University, Riyadh, 240 pp.","Pont, A. C. (1986) Families Fannidae, Muscidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp. L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Scathophagidae-Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 57 - 215.","Dabbour, A. I. (1979 a) Short note on dipterous flies in western and central regions of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Agriculture Research, Riyadh University, 4, 81 - 83.","Dabbour, A. I. & El-Dawy, M. (1981) Morphological and classification studies of some dipterous flies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Agriculture Research Center Bulletin, Riyadh University, 10, 1 - 92. [in Arabic]"]}

Stygeromyia sanguinaria Austen, 1909 (Fig. 76) Stygeromyia sanguinaria Austen, 1909: 286. Specimens examined. Saudi Arabia: 1m Jazan, Fifa, Al-Tatweer Centre, 15.ix.2015, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS). Distribution. New to Saudi Arabia and to the Arabian Peninsula. It was described from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (as “ Zaire ”). It has been recorded from Oman (Pont 1991)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Austen, E. E. (1909) New genera and species of blood-sucking Muscidae from the Ethiopian and Oriental regions, in the British Museum (Natural History). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 3, 285 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692578","Austen, E. E. (1907) A new genus and species of phlebotomic Muscidae from Aden. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 19 (113), 445 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930708562667","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265."]}

Atherigona (Atherigona) longifolia van Emden, 1940 (Fig. 34) Atherigona (Atherigona) longifolia van Emden, 1940: 130. Specimens examined. 1m, 1f, Jazan, Sabya, Basahy Farm, 4–25.iii.2014, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (CERS); 1f, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 1–30.x.2004, Malaise trap, H. A. Dawah (NMWC); 1m, same data but 15.x.–3.xii.2004 (CERS). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Dawah & Abdullah (2009). It was described from Ruwenzori in Uganda from a single male. Biological remarks. Reared during January and February from shoots of Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv. growing on the margins of Samaru lake in Nigeria (Deeming 1971) and from cultivated tef (Eragrostis tef) in Ethiopia (Nigus & Damte 2018)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["van Emden, F. I. (1940) s. n. In: Muscidae: B, Coenosiinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 1935. Vol. II (4). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 91 - 255.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","Deeming, J. C. (1971) Some species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) from Northern Nigeria, with special reference to those injurious to cereal crops. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, 133 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300057527","Nigus, C. & Damte, T. (2018) Identification of tef shoot fly species from major tef (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter growing areas of [sic] Ethiopian. African Journal of Insects, 5 (3), 181 - 184."]}

Lispe leucospila (Wiedemann 1830) Coenosia leucospila Wiedemann 1830: 441. Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993). It was described from “Ostindien” [= East Indies]. In the Middle East is recorded from Yemen (Pont 1980). Taxonomic remarks. This species resembles L. pectinipes Becker and is separable from it by characters of the male genitalia, as figured in Pont, (1991: 354). All of the numerous specimens that we have seen from Arabia have proved, upon dissection to be L. pectinipes. Pont (1991:353–354) examined material previously recorded as L. leucospila by van Emden (1948) and found it to be distinct from it, but of the leucospila complex of species or forms. Since no specimens are available to confirm the present record, we regard the record of Abu-Zoherah et al. (1993) as being suspect. However, the fact that no other specimens of L. leucospila are known from the Arabian Peninsula does not exclude the possibility that it exists or has existed there., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten (concl.). Vol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xii + 684 pp.","Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Centre, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 394 pp.","Pont, A. C. (1980) 85 Family Muscidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 721 - 761.","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","van Emden, F. I. (1948) Diptera: Muscidae. In: Expedition to South-West Arabia 1937 - 1938. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 161 - 175."]}

Helina coniformis (Stein in Becker, 1903) (Fig. 20) Spilogaster coniformis Stein in Becker, 1903: 101. Specimens examined. 1m, Asir, Maraba, Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm, 23.xii.2012 – 13.i.2013, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, same data but 1–30.v.2004 (NMWC); 1f, same data but 1–17.vi.2003 (NMWC); 1m, 1f, Jazan, Farasan Island, Aziz Yousef village, 29.x.2014, sweeping, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1m, Asir, Abha, Madenate Al-Ameer Sultan, Hay Al-Sad, 25.ii.–25.v.2002, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (CERS); 1f, Jizan, Sabya, Al-Sunef mango farm, 8.v.–17.vi.2003, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah (NMWC). Distribution. This species was previously recorded from Saudi Arabia by Pont (1991); Dawah & Abdullah (2009); El-Hawagry et al. (2013; 2016; 2017; 2018). It was described from Egypt. In the Middle East it has been recorded from Oman by Pont (1991), Yemen by Stein in Becker (1910) and van Emden (1948) and United Arab Emirates by Deeming (2008)., Published as part of Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. & Deeming, John C., 2020, The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 4869 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4418246, {"references":["Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2, 67 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830020301","Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265.","Dawah, H. A. & Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396.","El-Hawagry, M. S., Khalil, M. W., Sharaf, M. R., Fadl, H. H. & Aldawood, A. S. (2013) A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha province, Saudi Arabia, with description of two new species. Zookeys, 274, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 274.4529","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., El-Sonbati & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2017) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Gard Raydah Nature Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Natural History, 51 (25 - 26), 1499 - 1530. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1347299","El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S. & Al Dhafer, H. M. (2018) A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera). Journal of Natural History, 52 (21 - 22), 1377 - 1393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1456575","Becker, T. (1910) Dipteren aus Sudarabien und von der Insel Sokotra. Denkschrift der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 71, 131 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9285","van Emden, F. I. (1948) Diptera: Muscidae. In: Expedition to South-West Arabia 1937 - 1938. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 161 - 175.","Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723."]}