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The article focuses on dithering in mixed signals. When a triangular dither with peak-to-peak amplitude of atleast one least significant bit (LSB) is added to a signal, the average of quantized signal becomes equal to the original signal value. Mixing two frequencies into analog-to-digital converter's (ADC) filter provides inexpensive source of dither. One type of dithering allows higher frequency dither with just single dither register in all digital-to-analog converters (DACs).

The article discusses the advantages of the utilization of delta-sigma modulator (DSM). The author states that most commercialized DSMs are made up of switched capacitor technology. He cites that a DSM should have a different (delta) circuit, an integrate (sigma) circuit and a quantization (modulation) circuit comprising of an ADC and a DAC. He adds that the op-ohm feedback induces the quantized output to be subtracted from the input and the result is integrated. He further adds that the comparator on the output functions as the single bit ADC and is the density output.