Author: "Yoshitaka Kajimoto" / Topic: internal medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

60 results on '"Yoshitaka Kajimoto"'

1. Short-Term Efficacy (at 12 Weeks) and Long-Term Safety (up to 52 Weeks) of Omega-3 Free Fatty Acids (AZD0585) for the Treatment of Japanese Patients With Dyslipidemia ― A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study ―

Author: Kiyoshi Niwa, Hyosung Kim, Toshitaka Yajima, Torbjörn Lundström, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Tomomi Hakoda, Toshiki Fukui, Yoshinori Noda, Fumiki Oh, and Koutaro Yokote
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Apolipoprotein B, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, Gastroenterology, Drug Administration Schedule, Double blind, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Japan, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Triglycerides, Aged, Dyslipidemias, Hypolipidemic Agents, biology, Triglyceride, business.industry, Cholesterol, LDL, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Statin treatment, medicine.disease, Serum triglyceride levels, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, biology.protein, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Long term safety, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Biomarkers, Dyslipidemia
Abstract: BACKGROUND This study is the first to evaluate the short-term efficacy and long-term safety of AZD0585, a mixture of omega-3 free fatty acids, in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia.Methods and Results:In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase III study, 383 patients were randomized to 2 g AZD0585, 4 g AZD0585, or placebo once daily for 52 weeks. Eligible patients had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels controlled regardless of statin use, and triglyceride levels between 150 and 499 mg/dL. The least-squares (LS) mean percentage changes in triglyceride concentrations from baseline to the 12-week endpoint (mean of measurements at Weeks 10 and 12) in the 2 and 4 g AZD0585 and placebo groups were -15.57%, -21.75%, and 11.15% respectively (P
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Plasma aldosterone level within the normal range is less associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in primary aldosteronism

Author: Haruhiko Kouhara, Michio Otsuki, Kunihiko Hashimoto, Daisuke Tamada, Masahiko Murata, Sachi Takeiri, Shogo Kurebayashi, Iichiro Shimomura, Tsunehiko Yamamoto, Reiko D Hayashi, Kosuke Mukai, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Tetsuhiro Kitamura, and Makoto Nakao
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Blood Pressure, Hypokalemia, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Essential hypertension, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Primary aldosteronism, stomatognathic system, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Hyperaldosteronism, Renin, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Aldosterone, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Cardiology, Female, Essential Hypertension, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Previous studies showed higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CCV) events in primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension, but the patients of these studies were limited to primary aldosteronism patients with high plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC). The introduction of the aldosterone-renin ratio as the screening test for primary aldosteronism led to the recognition of primary aldosteronism patients with normal PAC (nPA). However, there is no information on the risk of primary aldosteronism including nPA. METHOD In this retrospectively and cross-sectional study, the clinical features and CCV event risk of primary aldosteronism at diagnosis including nPA were investigated and compared with essential hypertension. The study included 292 consecutive primary aldosteronism patients and 498 essential hypertension outpatients. All primary aldosteronism patients were diagnosed by autonomous aldosterone secretion using confirmatory tests, and then divided into nPA (n = 130) and primary aldosteronism patients with high PAC (hPA: n = 162) using a PAC cutoff level of less than 443 pmol/l (16 ng/dl), representing the normal upper limit of PAC. RESULTS nPA patients were significantly older at diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and at onset of hypertension compared with hPA patients. They had milder hypokalemia and easier-to-control blood pressure. The results suggested that nPA could be considered a mild type of primary aldosteronism but not an early-stage hPA. Moreover, the risk of all CCV events in nPA was significantly lower than that in hPA (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.90, P
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Reduction of Serum Total Cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol by Chocolate Containing Plant Sterol in Subjects with Borderline-high Cholesterol or Mild Hypercholesterolemia ―Efficacy and Safety of Long-term Intake in a Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial―

Author: Shuji Inoue, Yuuichi Maeda, Masataka Hoshino, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Susumu Shimura, Yukari Soejima, and Toshiyuki Ogata
Subjects: Ldl cholesterol, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cholesterol, Placebo-controlled study, Plant sterol, Double blind, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Internal medicine, Total cholesterol, Medicine, Borderline high, business, Serum cholesterol
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Lowering of Postprandial Hyperfructosemia in Humans by Eucalyptus Leaf Extract: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study

Author: Kazuya Nakagawa, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Takahiro Kawasaki, Hiroshi Inui, Shuichi Hayashi, Keiichiro Sugimoto, Mayuko Tomoda, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Marketing, medicine.medical_specialty, Sucrose, General Chemical Engineering, Fructose, Biology, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Sucrase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Insulin resistance, Endocrinology, Postprandial, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Ingestion, GLUT5, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: Excess intake of sucrose or fructose induces adiposity and insulin resistance syndrome, which subsequently lead to diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We evaluated the effects of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract (ELE) on the postprandial changes in peripheral fructose concentrations during oral sucrose tolerance test in humans. When subjects (n = 18) ingested 25 g of sucrose, both fructose and glucose concentrations in peripheral blood increased transiently and peaked at 30 min after ingestion. Administration of ELE (3 g) 5 min before sucrose ingestion resulted in a significant decrease in the rise in fructose concentration, although no significant effect on glucose concentration was observed. These results suggest that, in humans, ELE ingestion reduces acute hyperfructosemia after sucrose consumption by inhibiting intestinal fructose absorption (but not the sucrase reaction).
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. l-Ornithine supplementation attenuates physical fatigue in healthy volunteers by modulating lipid and amino acid metabolism

Author: Osami Kajimoto, Tomoko Shirai, Tomohiro Sugino, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Adult, Male, Ornithine, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Physical exercise, Placebo, Excretion, Endocrinology, Double-Blind Method, Heart Rate, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Amino Acids, Blood urea nitrogen, Fatigue, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Lipid metabolism, Middle Aged, Crossover study, Urea cycle, Dietary Supplements, Exercise Test, Ketone bodies, Female, business
Abstract: We examined the effects of L-ornithine administration on physical fatigue. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover study, 17 healthy volunteers were randomized to L-ornithine (2000 mg/d for 7 days and 6000 mg/d for 1 day as L-ornithine hydrochloride) or placebo for 8 days. The fatigue-inducing physical task consisted of workload trials on a cycle ergometer at fixed workloads for 2 hours on 2 occasions. We found that oral L-ornithine administration promoted lipid metabolism and activated the urea cycle from serum triacylglycerol, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, and blood ammonia level changing. L-ornithine significantly attenuated the subjective feeling of fatigue (measured by visual analog scale at postrecovery) compared with postload (P < .01). Moreover, in female subjects, the subjective feeling of fatigue was significantly lower compared with the placebo group (P < .05). In the physical performance test in female subjects, the decrease in mean speed for 10 seconds maximum pedaling from 0.5- to 3.5-hour trials in the group receiving L-ornithine was smaller than that in the group receiving placebo (P < .05). These results suggest that L-ornithine has an antifatigue effect by increasing the efficiency of energy consumption and promoting the excretion of ammonia. L-ornithine is a free amino acid and is not rich in meats or fish, so it is difficult to obtain amounts of L-ornithine from ordinary meals that would be sufficient to promote the antifatigue effect. We recommend L-ornithine intake as a nutritional supplement in cases of physical fatigue.
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Hypotensive Effects of Beverages Containing Eucommia Leaf Glycosides on High Normotensive and Mild Hypertensive Subjects

Author: Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Satoshi Nakagawa, Yasuyo Yamaguchi, Taro Ueda, Shinya Tsukamoto, Yoshihisa Nakazawa, and Osami Kajimoto
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Urinalysis, biology, Dry cough, business.industry, Physiology, Glycoside, Physical examination, biology.organism_classification, Placebo, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Eucommia, Internal medicine, medicine, Adverse effect, business
Abstract: The hypotensive effects and safety aspect of beverages containing Eucommia leaf glycosides were examined in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. The subjects were high normotensive and mild hypertensive adult male and female subjects. Test or placebo meals were given one time per a day for 12 weeks.The results revealed that the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced after 4 weeks of intake in the test-meal group. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was also significantly reduced after 6 weeks of intake. In contrast, no changes in blood pressure were observed during the trial in the placebo group. Between the two groups, there was a significant difference in SBP at 8, 10, and 12 weeks and in DBP at 10 and 12 weeks. No significant abnormal changes were observed in the results of blood examination, urinalysis, and physical examination. Additionally, clinically relevant adverse effects such as digestive tract symptoms, dry cough, or allergic phenomena were not observed in association with test-meal intake. Thus, these results demonstrated the benefits and safety of beverages containing Eucommia leaf glycosides in high normotensive and mild hypertensive subjects.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Casein Hydrolysate Containing the Antihypertensive Tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro Improves Vascular Endothelial Function Independent of Blood Pressure-Lowering Effects: Contribution of the Inhibitory Action of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme

Author: Seiichi Mizuno, Masafumi Kitakaze, Rikako Kawagishi, Yasunori Nakamura, Tatsuhiko Hirota, Kohji Ohki, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endothelium, Physiology, Hemodynamics, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Blood Pressure, Hydrolysate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Casein, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Endothelial dysfunction, Reactive hyperemia, Aged, Cross-Over Studies, biology, Lactotripeptides, business.industry, Caseins, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Forearm, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Hypertension, biology.protein, Endothelium, Vascular, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Oligopeptides, Biomarkers
Abstract: Accumulating evidence shows that deterioration of vascular endothelial function underlies the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases following lifestyle-related diseases. Both Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP), which are tripeptides derived from proteolytic hydrolysate of milk casein, inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), suggesting that both VPP and IPP may improve vascular endothelial function, because many ACE inhibitors are known to improve endothelial function. We investigated the effects of ACE-inhibitory food component in humans with mild hypertension, since there has been no report on such effects. The study was conducted by the placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover method in 25 male subjects with mild hypertension. After casein hydrolysate containing both VPP and IPP were administered for 1 week, reactive hyperemia of the left upper forearm was measured using plethysmography as an index of vascular endothelial function. Since one subject dropped out, we analyzed the data of 24 subjects. The reactive hyperemia of the left upper forearm was produced by a 5 min occlusion using inflation of a cuff. The maximum blood flow during reactive hyperemia was 20.8+/-6.7 mL/min/100 mL tissue in the placebo group, whereas it increased remarkably to 30.0+/-10.4 mL/min/100 mL tissue in the group administered casein hydrolysate containing both VPP and IPP (p
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Effects of Citric Acid and L-Carnitine on Physical Fatigue

Author: Osami Kajimoto, Tomohiro Sugino, Tomoko Shirai, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, and Sayaka Aoyagi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, chromogranin A, Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Placebo, chemistry.chemical_compound, cycle ergometer, Internal medicine, medicine, Cycle ergometer, Carnitine, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, Chromogranin A, citric acid, l-carnitine, Crossover study, physical fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Endocrinology, chemistry, biology.protein, Original Article, business, Citric acid, medicine.drug
Abstract: We examined the effects of citric acid and l-carnitine administration on physical fatigue. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study, 18 healthy volunteers were randomized to oral citric acid (2,700 mg/day), l-carnitine (1,000 mg/day), or placebo for 8 days. The fatigue-inducing physical task consisted of workload trials on a cycle ergometer at fixed workloads for 2 h on 2 occasions. Before the physical load, salivary chromogranin A, measured as a physiological stress marker, was lower in the group given citric acid than in the group given placebo. Also, after the physical load, the subjective feeling of fatigue assessed with a visual analogue scale was lower in the citric acid group than in the placebo group. In contrast, l-carnitine had no effect on chromogranin A or subjective fatigue. These results suggest that citric acid reduces physiological stress and attenuates physical fatigue, whereas l-carnitine does not.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Persistent expression of PDX-1 in the pancreas causes acinar-to-ductal metaplasia through Stat3 activation

Author: Christopher V.E. Wright, Ken Kato, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Y. Nakamura, Kaoru Yamamoto, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Yoshio Fujitani, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Hideaki Kaneto, Toshihiko Shiraiwa, Shizuo Akira, Eric P. Sandgren, Takeshi Miyatsuka, Yoshiya Kawaguchi, and Kiyoshi Takeda
Subjects: STAT3 Transcription Factor, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Transgene, Mice, Transgenic, digestive system, Research Communication, Mice, Metaplasia, Pancreatic cancer, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Progenitor cell, STAT3, Pancreas, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice, Knockout, biology, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Trans-Activators, Cancer research, biology.protein, Pancreatitis, Homeobox, medicine.symptom, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX-1) is expressed in pancreatic progenitor cells. In exocrine pancreas, PDX-1 is down-regulated during late development, while re-up-regulation of PDX-1 has been reported in pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis. To determine whether sustained expression of PDX-1 could affect pancreas development, PDX-1 was constitutively expressed in all pancreatic lineages by transgenic approaches. The transgenic pancreas was markedly small with the replacement of acinar cells by duct-like structures, accompanied by activated Stat3. Genetic ablation of Stat3 in the transgenic pancreas profoundly suppressed the metaplastic phenotype. These results provide a mechanism of pancreatic metaplasia by which persistent PDX-1 expression cell-autonomously induces acinar-to-ductal transition through Stat3 activation.
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Oxidative Stress and Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction

Author: Hideaki Kaneto, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, and Dan Kawamori
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, MAP Kinase Kinase 4, medicine.medical_treatment, Probucol, Oxidative phosphorylation, Mitochondrion, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, Glycation, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Insulin, Pharmacology (medical), Transcription factor, Homeodomain Proteins, Pharmacology, Kinase, General Medicine, Oxidative Stress, Glucose, Endocrinology, Trans-Activators, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug
Abstract: Oxidative stress is induced under diabetic conditions through various pathways, including the electron transport chain in mitochondria and the nonenzymatic glycosylation reaction, and is likely involved in progression of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction developing in diabetes. beta-Cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress, possibly due to low levels of antioxidant enzyme expression. When oxidative stress was induced in vitro in beta cells, the insulin gene promoter activity and mRNA levels were suppressed, accompanied by the reduced activity of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) (also known as IDX-1/STF-1/IPF1), an important transcription factor for the insulin gene. The suppression of oxidative stress by a potent antioxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine or probucol, led to the recovery of insulin biosynthesis and PDX-1 expression in nuclei and improved glucose tolerance in animal models for type 2 diabetes. As a possible cause of this, we recently found that PDX-1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the addition of a dominant-negative form of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibited the oxidative stress-induced PDX-1 translocation, suggesting an essential role of JNK in mediating the phenomenon. Taken together, the oxidative stress-mediated activation of the JNK pathway leads to nucleocytoplasmic translocation of PDX-1 and thus is likely involved in the progression of beta-cell dysfunction found in diabetes.
Published: 2005
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. α-Glucosidase inhibitor reduces the progression of carotid intima-media thickness

Author: Mitue Hatano, Keisuke Kosugi, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Rieko Hayaishi-Okano, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Munehide Matsuhisa, Naoto Katakami, and Masatsugu Hori
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid arteries, Type 2 diabetes, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Voglibose, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors, Prospective cohort study, Ultrasonography, Glycated Hemoglobin, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Patient Selection, α glucosidase, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Carotid Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Intima-media thickness, Regression Analysis, Female, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, business, Inositol, medicine.drug
Abstract: An open randomized prospective study was performed to elucidate the effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose, on the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes.Voglibose at a dose of 0.4-0.6 mg/day was added on 51 subjects out of 101 type 2 diabetic patients being treated with diet, sulphonylurea (SU) or insulin injections, and the average (AveIMT) and maximum intima-media thickness (MaxIMT) of their carotid arteries were examined for 3 years.Irrespective of the differences in treatments, addition of voglibose reduced the progression of AveIMT and MaxIMT to -0.024 +/- 0.047 (+/-S.D.) and -0.021 +/- 0.144 mm/year, respectively. Without voglibose, diabetic patients showed significant (P0.0001) progression of AveIMT and MaxIMT (0.056 +/- 0.046 and 0.098 +/- 0.122 mm/year, respectively). The administration of voglibose resulted in a significant reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, as well as an increase in HDL cholesterol concentration. Multivariate regression analysis showed that administration of voglibose independently reduced the progression of AveIMT by 0.069 mm/year (P0.0001).These results suggest that voglibose reduces the progression of IMT and may be a candidate for an anti-atherosclerotic drug for type 2 diabetic patients.
Published: 2005
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Role of Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction

Author: Yoshitaka Kajimoto and Hideaki Kaneto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, Carbohydrate metabolism, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Enzyme activator, Endocrinology, History and Philosophy of Science, Apoptosis, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Oxidative stress is produced under diabetic conditions and is likely involved in progression of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction found in diabetes. Possibly caused by low levels of antioxidant enzyme expressions, pancreatic β-cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress. When β-cell-derived HIT-T15 cells or isolated rat islets were exposed to oxidative stress, insulin gene expression was markedly decreased. To investigate the significance of oxidative stress in the progression of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the effects of antioxidants in diabetic C57BIL/KsJ-db/db mice. According to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, the treatment with antioxidants retained glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and moderately decreased blood glucose levels. Histological analyses of the pancreata revealed that the β-cell mass was significantly larger in the mice treated with the antioxidants, and the antioxidant treatment suppressed apoptosis in β-cells without changing the rate of β-cell proliferation. The antioxidant treatment also preserved the amounts of insulin content and insulin mRNA, making the extent of insulin degranulation less evident As possible mechanism underlying the phenomena, expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (also known as IDX-l/STF-1/ IPF1), an important transcription factor for the insulin gene, was more clearly visible in the nuclei of islet cells after the antioxidant treatment. Under diabetic conditions, JNK is activated by oxidative stress and involved in the suppression of insulin gene expression. This JNK effect appears to be mediated in part by nucleocytoplasmic translocation of PDX-1, which is also downstream of JNK activation. Taken together, oxidative stress and consequent activation of the JNK pathway are involved in progression of β-cell dysfunction found in diabetes. Antioxidants may serve as a novel mechanism-based therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Tissue characterization identifies subjects with high risk of cardiovascular diseases

Author: Munehide Matsuhisa, Hidehiko Waki, Naoto Katakami, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Tohru Masuyama, K. Kosugi, Masatsugu Hori, and Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Subjects: Male, Research design, Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Arteriosclerosis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Disease, Disease, Logistic regression, Sex Factors, Endocrinology, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Odds Ratio, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Integrated backscatter, Aged, business.industry, Age Factors, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Tissue characterization, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Carotid Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Regression Analysis, Female, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, business
Abstract: Objective: This study was conducted to examine whether tissue characterization of the carotid artery wall by determining integrated backscatter (IBS) can identify subjects with a recent history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or atherothrombotic infarction (ATI). Research design and methods: The maximum thickness (Max-IMT) and IBS value (corrected-IBS) of the carotid artery intima–media complex were measured ultrasonographically for 132 type 2 diabetic subjects (62.9±8.5 (±S.D.) years old, 87 men and 45 women) with or without cardiovascular diseases. Results: The diabetic patients with recent ACS or ATI had a significantly lower corrected-IBS and higher Max-IMT than those with Max-IMT ≧ 1.1mm but without cardiovascular diseases. The product of Max-IMT and corrected-IBS (IMT-IBS product) of the patients with recent ACS was significantly lower than that of the patients with chronic stable angina. The multiple logistic model showed that only the IMT-IBS product was associated with a recent history of ACS (odds ratio 0.94, P P Conclusions: Diabetic patients who had a recent history of ACS or ATI showed a lower IBS value and higher IMT for their carotid artery. Both the size and tissue characteristics of the carotid plaque may identify subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance in Zucker fatty rats

Author: Tsutomu Nakagawa, Minoru Kubota, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Ayumu Hoshi, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Itsuro Nakahara, Mutsuo Taiji, Yasushi Itakura, Munehide Matsuhisa, Shin-ichi Gorogawa, Yutaka Umayahara, Masatsugu Hori, Akio Kuroda, and Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carboxy-Lyases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Biology, Carbohydrate metabolism, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Glucokinase, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Obesity, RNA, Messenger, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, medicine.disease, Rats, Rats, Zucker, Liver, Basal (medicine), Glucose-6-Phosphatase, biology.protein, Insulin Resistance, Glycogen, Glucose 6-phosphatase
Abstract: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophins, has been reported to ameliorate hyperglycemia in obese diabetic animal models. To elucidate the mechanism of BDNF on glucose metabolism, we determined the glucose turnover under basal and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (insulin infusion rate, 54 pmol · kg−1 · min−1) clamp conditions in obese insulin-resistant rats, male Zucker fatty rats, which had been acutely administered a subcutaneous injection of BDNF (20 mg/kg) (n = 9, BDNF) or vehicle (n = 8, vehicle). Under the basal condition, acute administration of BDNF did not affect the blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, rate of glucose disappearance (Rd), and endogenous glucose production (EGP). Under the clamp condition, the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was significantly higher in BDNF than in vehicle (mean ± SD, 61.4 ± 19.1 v 41.4 ± 4.9 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P
Published: 2003
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Tea Catechins Reduce Serum Cholesterol Levels in Mild and Borderline Hypercholesterolemia Patients

Author: Osami Kajimoto, Kozo Nagata, Ayumu Nozawa, Mitsuharu Yabune, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, and Takami Kakuda
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Cholesterol, Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Catechin, Lipid metabolism, medicine.disease, Placebo group, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Total cholesterol, Hyperlipidemia, medicine, business, Serum cholesterol
Abstract: Blood cholesterol-lowering effect and safety of tea catechins were examined in a placebo-controlled double-blind study in which a beverage containing tea catechins (a 250ml beverage containing 197.4mg of catechins) was given twice a day at breakfast and dinner for 12 weeks. The subjects used were adult males and females with mild and borderline hypercholesterolemia with the range of serum total cholesterol levels 180-259mg/dl (male/ female, 38/22; age, 48±9 years; total cholesterol, 222±20mg/dl), who were not taking drugs that may affect lipid metabolism. The study was initiated with a 2-week pre-observation period followed by a 12-week intake period and a 2-week post-observation period. The results revealed that the serum total cholesterol levels in the test beverage group (initial intake level) was significantly decreased at 8 weeks (228±23mg/dl to 220±21mg/dl, p
Published: 2003
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. PDX-1 Induces Differentiation of Intestinal Epithelioid IEC-6 Into Insulin-Producing Cells

Author: Shigeru Yoshida, Masatsugu Hori, Takahiro Gotow, Yutaka Umayahara, Yoshio Fujitani, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Hirotaka Watada, Tetsuyuki Yasuda, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Hiroshi Kosaka, and Takeshi Miyatsuka
Subjects: endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Cellular differentiation, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Amylin, Gene delivery, Biology, Arginine, Transfection, digestive system, Cell Line, Cell therapy, Islets of Langerhans, Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Betacellulin, Intestinal Mucosa, Growth Substances, Calcimycin, Homeodomain Proteins, Glucokinase, Cell Differentiation, Recombinant Proteins, Clone Cells, Rats, Cell biology, Glucose, Endocrinology, Cell culture, Trans-Activators, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Subrenal Capsule Assay
Abstract: A homeodomain containing transcription factor PDX-1 can induce beta-cell-specific gene expressions in some non-beta-cells and may therefore be useful for future diabetes gene/cell therapy. Among the potential target organs or tissues for transcription factor-mediated induction of beta-cell-like differentiation are the intestinal epithelial cells. They have certain merits over other tissues and organs in terms of accessibility for gene delivery and of similarity in developmental background to the pancreatic primordium. In this study, we used an intestinal epithelium-derived cell line, IEC-6 cells, and investigated the possible effects of PDX-1 expression in those cells. By exogenous expression of the PDX-1 gene, IEC-6 cells started expressing multiple beta-cell-specific genes such as amylin, glucokinase, and Nkx6.1, which were not found in the original IEC-6 cells. Insulin gene expression, which was missing initially even in the PDX-1-transfected IEC-6 cells, became detectable when the cells were transplanted under the renal capsule of a rat. When the PDX-1(+) IEC-6 cells were kept in vitro, treatment with betacellulin could also confer insulin gene expression to them. Although insulin secretory granules became visible by electron microscopy, they were secreted regardless of glucose concentration. The in vivo or in vitro inductions of the insulin gene expression were not observed in the PDX-1(-) IEC-6 cells. Thus, our present observations demonstrate the potency of intestinal epithelial cells as a tool for diabetes gene/cell therapy and provide further support for the potency of PDX-1 in driving beta-cell-like differentiation in non-beta-cells.
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Probucol preserves pancreatic β-cell function through reduction of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes

Author: Yutaka Umayahara, Hideaki Kaneto, Hirotaka Watada, Shin ichi Gorogawa, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Akio Kuroda, Tetsuyuki Yasuda, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Masatsugu Hori, Munehide Matsuhisa, and Dan Kawamori
Subjects: Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Probucol, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Insulin Secretion, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Insulin, chemistry.chemical_classification, Glucose tolerance test, Reactive oxygen species, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pancreatic islets, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oxidative Stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Female, business, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug
Abstract: Oxidative stress is induced under diabetic conditions and causes various forms of tissue damage in patients with diabetes. Recently, pancreatic beta-cells have emerged as a putative target of oxidative stress-induced tissue damage and this seems to explain in part the progressive deterioration of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes. As a step toward clinical trial of antioxidant for type 2 diabetes, we investigated the possible anti-diabetic effects of probucol, an antioxidant widely used as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, on preservation of beta-cell function in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Probucol-containing diet was given to mice from 6 to 16 weeks of age. Immunostaining for oxidative stress markers such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified proteins and heme oxygenase-1 revealed that probucol treatment decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pancreatic islets of diabetic animals. Oxidative stress is known to enhance apoptosis of beta-cells and to suppress insulin biosynthesis, but probucol treatment led to preservation of beta-cell mass and the insulin content. According to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, the probucol treatment preserved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance at 10 and 16 weeks: insulin, 280+/-82 vs. 914+/-238 pmol/l (120 min, at 16 weeks; P
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. A phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cilostazol, prevents the onset of silent brain infarction in Japanese subjects with Type II diabetes

Author: N. Hakui, T. Shinoda-Tagawa, M. Hori, Shigeru Yoshida, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Masayasu Matsumoto, Takafumi Tsujino, and Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tetrazoles, Type ii diabetes, Asian People, Japan, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Aged, Ultrasonography, business.industry, Cerebral Infarction, Human physiology, Middle Aged, Cilostazol, Carotid Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Intima-media thickness, Brain infarction, Cardiology, Female, business, Diabetic Angiopathies, medicine.drug
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cilostazol, on the prevention of silent brain infarction in diabetic patients without symptoms of vascular events.A total of 89 subjects were allocated at random to the cilostazol group ( n = 43) or the control group ( n = 46).After the study period (3.2 +/- 0.5 years), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (means +/- SD) had increased ( p0.01) by 0.18 +/- 0.19 mm in the control group. In the cilostazol group, intima-media thickness showed almost no change (-0.00 +/- 0.16 mm). In the control group, 2 out of 46 subjects showed symptomatic brain infarctions and 10 out of 34 subjects without infarct-like region assessed by standard brain MRI examination showed silent brain infarctions after the observation period. On the other hand, no subjects in the cilostazol group showed silent brain infarction or strokes during the study period. Both at the beginning and end of the study period, the number of infarct-like regions positively correlated with IMT ( r = 0.335, p0.001 or r = 0.347, p0.001 respectively). The progression of infarct-like regions was directly related to the increase in IMT during the study period ( r = 0.299, p = 0.004).These data demonstrated that cilostazol could prevent the onset of silent brain infarction in Japanese subjects with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Also, an increase in intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall could be able to predict the onset of silent brain infarction.
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. A Missense Mutation of Pax4 Gene (R121W) Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese

Author: Hiroto Furuta, Takayuki Nakagawa, Yoshinori Shimajiri, Kishio Nanjo, Tadashi Hanabusa, Nobuyuki Takasu, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Tokio Sanke, and Yoshio Fujitani
Subjects: Adult, Male, Heterozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, DNA Mutational Analysis, Mutation, Missense, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Type 2 diabetes, Biology, Gene mutation, Transfection, Impaired glucose tolerance, Japan, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Paired Box Transcription Factors, Missense mutation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Luciferases, Aged, Homeodomain Proteins, Genetics, Insulin, Homozygote, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pedigree, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, COS Cells, PAX4, Female, TCF7L2, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Pax4 is one of the transcription factors that play an important role in the differentiation of islet β-cells. We scanned the Pax4 gene in 200 unrelated Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and found a missense mutation (R121W) in 6 heterozygous patients and 1 homozygous patient (mutant allele frequency 2.0%). The mutation was not found in 161 nondiabetic subjects. The R121W mutation was located in the paired domain and was thought to affect its transcription activity through lack of DNA binding. Six of seven patients had family history of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, and four of seven had transient insulin therapy at the onset. One of them, a homozygous carrier, had relatively early onset diabetes and slowly fell into an insulin-dependent state without an autoimmune-mediated process. This is the first report of a Pax4 gene mutation that exhibits loss of function and seems to be associated with type 2 diabetes. This work provides significant implications for the Pax4 gene as one of the predisposing genes for type 2 diabetes in the Japanese.
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Heart rate elevation and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normoalbuminuria

Author: Takeshi Miyatsuka, Munehide Matsuhisa, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Tsutomu Kanda, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Eiichi Imano, Masaaki Motomura, and Masatsugu Hori
Subjects: Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulatory blood pressure, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Endocrinology, Heart Rate, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Heart rate, Internal Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Medicine, Glycated Hemoglobin, Analysis of Variance, Diabetic Retinopathy, business.industry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, General Medicine, Diabetic retinopathy, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Circadian Rhythm, Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Cardiology, business, Retinopathy
Abstract: To investigate the role of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) for diabetic retinopathy, 24-h ambulatory HR and BP were monitored for 162 in patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria. The fundus was assessed as no retinopathy, simple diabetic retinopathy (SDR) and proliferative retinopathy (PDR). Comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of diabetic duration, the relative risk for retinopathy was 9.3 and for nocturnal HR, it was 3.6. Comparison among three retinopathy groups (no retinopathy, group 1, n=122; SDR, group 2, n=24; Pre-PDR or PDR, group 3, n=16) showed that 24-h and nocturnal HR were significantly higher in group 3 (80+/-9 and 71+/-9 beats per min) than in group 2 (73+/-8 and 64+/-8) and group 1 (72+/-7 and 60+/-7). In multiple logistic analysis, the odds ratio of diabetic duration and nocturnal HR to the existence of retinopathy was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.10-1.25, P=0.00001) and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05-1.17, P=0.0002). We concluded that diabetic retinopathy is related to diabetic duration and high heart rate in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normoalbuminuria. Heart rate elevation may be a predictor of advanced retinopathy.
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects: predictors of progression and relationship with incident coronary heart disease

Author: Hideko Nishizawa, Ken’ya Sakamoto, Y Shimizu, M Kodama, Munehide Matsuhisa, Ryuzo Kawamori, Masatsugu Hori, K. Kosugi, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, and Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Subjects: Male, Tunica media, Research design, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Coronary Disease, Type 2 diabetes, Carotid imt, Asian People, Japan, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Ultrasonography, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Smoking, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary heart disease, Surgery, Carotid Arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Intima-media thickness, Disease Progression, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Regression Analysis, Female, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, business, Diabetic Angiopathies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), predictors of its progression, and its relationship with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetic Japanese patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Carotid IMT of 287 subjects with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61.6 years) without CHD or cerebrovascular disease was examined at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. RESULTS: The annual progression of IMT (means +/- SEM) was 0.04+/-0.004 mm/year. Stepwise multivariate analysis demonstrated that independent risk factors for progress of IMT were the initial IMT (P
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Antiplatelet Drugs Attenuate Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

Author: N. Ueda, Mineo Kodama, Ken’ya Sakamoto, Munehide Matsuhisa, Keisuke Kosugi, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Rieko Yoshioka, Masatsugu Hori, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Tunica media, medicine.medical_specialty, Antiplatelet drug, Arteriosclerosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, Asymptomatic, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Ticlopidine, Aged, Aspirin, business.industry, Hematology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Carotid Arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Intima-media thickness, Disease Progression, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, business, Diabetic Angiopathies, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract: The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery has been established as a surrogate of definite atherosclerosis in subjects with high risk of vascular events. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term antiplatelet therapy in attenuating progression of the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects who had an intima-media thickness over the threshold of the normal subjects but showed no symptoms of vascular events were randomly divided into groups given antiplatelet drugs [ticlopidine (n = 34) or a small dose of aspirin (n = 40)] or no drugs (n = 74). For the follow-up period (3.0+/-0.06 years), the subjects not given antiplatelet drugs showed a significantly higher progression of intima-media thickness (0.067+/-0.009 mm/year) than those given ticlopidine (0.034+/-0.013 mm/year) or aspirin (0.033+/-0.010 mm/year). Stepwise multivariant regression analysis showed that long-term administration of ticlopidine or aspirin significantly reduced the progression of intima-media thickness of diabetic subjects by 0.041 mm/year or 0.032 mm/ year, respectively. These data indicated that despite differences of their pharmacological mechanisms, antiplatelet drugs could attenuate the progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall of asymptomatic type 2 diabetics who had early-stage carotid atherosclerosis.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Induction of glycation suppresses glucokinase gene expression in HIT-T15 cells

Author: Ken’ya Sakamoto, Yoshio Fujitani, M. Hori, Hirotaka Watada, Hideaki Kaneto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Ryuzo Kawamori, Michihiko Kishimoto, Munehide Matsuhisa, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Glycosylation, Transcription, Genetic, Ribose, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Gene Expression, Biology, Transfection, medicine.disease_cause, Guanidines, Cell Line, Islets of Langerhans, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glycation, Internal medicine, Glucokinase, Gene expression, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Phosphorylation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription factor, Homeodomain Proteins, Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1, Promoter, DNA, Acetylcysteine, DNA-Binding Proteins, Endocrinology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Cell culture, Hyperglycemia, Trans-Activators, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative stress, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis. Chronic hyperglycaemia in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus often leads to a decline in glucose-responsive insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, a phenomenon called glucose toxicity. Upon hyperglycaemia, glycation reaction occurs in the beta cells and induces oxidative stress. To understand the molecular basis of the beta-cell glucose toxicity, we investigated the possible effects of glycation on the expression and enzymatic activity of glucokinase, which plays a crucial part in glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Methods. Glycation and reactive oxygen species were induced in HIT-T15 cells by treatment with d-ribose and effects on glucokinase gene transcription, glucokinase protein amount, glucose phosphorylation activity, and DNA-binding activities of putative glucokinase gene transcription factors were evaluated. Results. When glycation was induced in HIT-T15 cells, the activity of the human glucokinase gene beta-cell-type promoter was suppressed substantially (83 % reduction at 60 mmol/l d-ribose). Also, similar reductions in mRNA and protein amounts of glucokinase and in the Vmax of its enzymatic activity were observed. In agreement with the reduction in the promoter activity, the two major transcription factors of the glucokinase gene, the Pal-binding factor and PDX-1, reduced their binding to their target sequences in the glucokinase gene promoter in glycation-induced HIT cells. Because these effects of d-ribose were counteracted by aminoguanidine or N-acetylcysteine, reactive oxygen species, generated by the glycation reaction, appears to be involved in the phenomena. Conclusion/interpretation. The induction of the glycation reaction, which is known to occur in pancreatic beta cells in chronic hyperglycaemia, suppresses the glucokinase gene transcription and its enzymatic activity. Thus, hyperglycaemia-dependent inhibition of glucokinase activity could in part explain beta-cell glucose toxicity. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1417‐1424]
Published: 1999
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Demonstration of Two Different Processes of β-Cell Regeneration in a New Diabetic Mouse Model Induced by Selective Perfusion of Alloxan

Author: Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Akihisa Imagawa, Yuji Matsuzawa, Masako Waguri, Hiromu Nakajima, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshihiro Tochino, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Issei Yoshiuchi, Katsumi Yamamori, Mitsuyoshi Namba, Masamichi Kuwajima, Koji Yamamoto, and Naoto Itoh
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Enteroendocrine cell, Biology, Pancreatic Polypeptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Precursor cell, Alloxan, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Regeneration, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice, Inbred ICR, geography, Glucose tolerance test, geography.geographical_feature_category, medicine.diagnostic_test, Body Weight, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glucagon, Islet, Immunohistochemistry, Perfusion, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Trans-Activators, Keratins, Beta cell, Somatostatin, Pancreas, Cell Division
Abstract: To clarify the regeneration process of pancreatic beta-cells, we established a new mouse model of diabetes induced by selective perfusion of alloxan after clamping the superior mesenteric artery. In this model, diabetes could be induced by the destruction of beta-cells in alloxan-perfused segments, while beta-cells in nonperfused segments were spared. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests showed glucose intolerance, which gradually ameliorated and was completely normalized in 1 year with a concomitant increase of insulin content in the pancreas. Histological examination showed neo-islet formation in the alloxan-perfused segment and the proliferation of spared beta-cells in the nonperfused segment. In the alloxan-perfused segment, despite a marked reduction of islets in size and number at an early stage, both the number of islets, including islet-like cell clusters (ICCs), and the relative islet area significantly increased at a later stage. Increased single beta-cells and ICCs were located in close contact with duct cell lining, suggesting that they differentiated from duct cells and that such extra-islet precursor cells may be important for beta-cell regeneration in beta-cell-depleted segment. In addition to beta-cells, some nonhormone cells in ICCs were positive for nuclear insulin promoter factor 1, which indicated that most, if not all, nonhormone cells positive for this factor were beta-cell precursors. In the nonperfused segment, the islet area increased significantly, and the highest 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-labeling index in beta-cells was observed at day 5, while the number of islets did not increase significantly. This indicated that the regeneration of islet endocrine cells occurs mostly through the proliferation of preexisting intra-islet beta-cells in the nonperfused segment. In conclusion, the regeneration process of beta-cells varied by circumstance. Our mouse model is useful for studying the mechanism of regeneration, since differentiation and proliferation could be analyzed separately in one pancreas.
Published: 1997
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. PDX-1 Induces Insulin and Glucokinase Gene Expressions in αTC1 Clone 6 Cells in the Presence of Betacellulin

Author: Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Hirotaka Watada, Koji Yamamoto, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Ryuzo Kawamori, Yuji Matsuzawa, Kazuyuki Hamaguchi, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, and Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Subjects: Amyloid, endocrine system, TGF alpha, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Gene Expression, Amylin, Biology, Transfection, Islets of Langerhans, Epidermal growth factor, Internal medicine, Glucokinase, Gene expression, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Betacellulin, Growth Substances, Homeodomain Proteins, Growth factor, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Cell biology, Endocrinology, Trans-Activators, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Abstract: The pancreatic beta- and alpha-cells are developmentally related to each other but reveal diverse gene expression patterns. Among the two important transcription factors for insulin gene expression, IEF1 is present both in alpha- and beta-cells, but PDX-1/IPF1/STF-1/IDX-1, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, is present in beta-cells but not in alpha-cells. To elucidate the function of PDX-1 in the expression of beta-cell-specific genes, we established stable alphaTC1 clone 6 (alphaTC1.6)-derived transfectants expressing PDX-1 and examined the changes in the gene expression patterns in them. The exogenous expression of PDX-1 in alphaTC1.6 cells alone could induce islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) mRNA expression in the cells but not the expression of insulin, glucokinase, or GLUT2 gene. However, when betacellulin was added to the medium, the PDX-1-expressing alphaTC1.6 cells, but not the control alphaTC1.6 cells, came to express insulin and glucokinase mRNAs. This did not occur with other growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, and insulin-like growth factor I. GLUT2 mRNA remained undetectable in the PDX-1--expressing alphaTC1.6 cells. These observations demonstrate the potency of PDX-1 for the expression of the insulin, glucokinase, and IAPP genes and suggest that certain regulatory factors, which can partially be modified by betacellulin, also contribute to the beta-cell specificity of gene expression.
Published: 1996
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. The Human Glucokinase Gene β-Cell-Type Promoter: An Essential Role of Insulin Promoter Factor 1/PDX-1 in Its Activation in HIT-T15 Cells

Author: Hideaki Kaneto, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Takenobu Kamada, Yutaka Umayahara, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshi Fujitani, Ryuzo Kawamori, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Restriction Mapping, CHO Cells, Biology, Transfection, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Antibodies, Cell Line, Islets of Langerhans, Genes, Reporter, Cricetinae, Glucokinase, Gene expression, Internal Medicine, Transcriptional regulation, Animals, Humans, Insulin, Amino Acid Sequence, Luciferases, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription factor, Gene, Homeodomain Proteins, Regulation of gene expression, Reporter gene, Binding Sites, Base Sequence, Mesocricetus, Nuclear Proteins, Promoter, Molecular biology, Peptide Fragments, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Trans-Activators
Abstract: The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a primary role in the glucose-responsive secretion of insulin, and defects of this enzyme can cause NIDDM. As a step toward understanding the molecular basis of glucokinase (GK) gene regulation, we assessed the structure and regulation of the human GK gene β-cell-type promoter. The results of reporter gene analyses using HIT-T15 cells revealed that the gene promoter was comprised of multiple cis-acting elements, including two primarily important cis-motifs: a palindrome structure, hPal-1, and the insulin gene cis-motif A element-like hUPE3. While both elements were bound specifically by nuclear proteins, it was the homeodomain-containing transcription factor insulin promoter factor 1 (IPF1)/STF-1/PDX-1 that bound to the hUPE3 site: IPF1, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, became bound to the hUPE3 site and activated transcription. An anti-IPF1 antiserum used in gel-mobility shift analysis supershifted the DNA protein complex formed with the hUPE3 probe and nuclear extracts from HIT-T15 cells, thus supporting the involvement of IPF1 in GK gene activation in HIT-T15 cells. In contrast to the insulin gene, however, neither the synergistic effect of the Pan1 expression on the IPF1-induced promoter activation nor the glucose responsiveness of the activity was observed for the GK gene promoter. These results revealed some conservative but unique features for the transcriptional regulation of the β-cell-specific genes in humans. Being implicated in insulin and GK gene regulations as a common transcription factor, IPF1/STF-1/PDX-1 is likely to play an essential role in maintaining normal β-cell functions.
Published: 1996
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Mutation of the Pax6 gene causes impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

Author: Y. Yamasakai, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Hideaki Kaneto, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Hirotaka Watada, M. Fujiwara, Akio Kuroda, Yoshio Fujitani, and Munehide Matsuhisa
Subjects: Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, PAX6 Transcription Factor, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biology, Arginine, Rats, Mutant Strains, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Islets of Langerhans, Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Insulin, Paired Box Transcription Factors, Eye Proteins, Insulin secretion, Aniridia, Gene, Homeodomain Proteins, Human physiology, Glucose Tolerance Test, Rats, Insulin oscillation, Repressor Proteins, Insulin receptor, Glucose, Endocrinology, Multigene Family, Mutation (genetic algorithm), biology.protein, PAX6
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Expression of CD38 Gene, but Not of Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene, Is Impaired in Pancreatic Islets of GK Rats

Author: M. Kubota, T. Kamada, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Ryuzo Kawamori, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Y. Umayahara, Hirotaka Watada, and T. A. i Matsuoka
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Biophysics, Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biochemistry, Islets of Langerhans, Species Specificity, Antigens, CD, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Insulin, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, ADP-ribosyl Cyclase, N-Glycosyl Hydrolases, Molecular Biology, Messenger RNA, geography, Membrane Glycoproteins, geography.geographical_feature_category, Pancreatic islets, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Islet, ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1, Antigens, Differentiation, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, Glucose, Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gene Expression Regulation, Cyclase activity
Abstract: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a rodent model of spontaneously occurring non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), exhibits impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. To explore the background of the β-cell dysfunction in NIDDM, we investigated whether and how the expression pattern of factors that would potentially be involved in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion machinery is changed in GK rats. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method, we found that the gene expression of CD38, a type 2 membrane protein which has ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, is reduced by approximately 50% in islets of GK rats. Despite previous studies showing reduction in the FAD-linked mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) activity in GK rats, the mGPDH mRNA amounts were equal to those in the control Wistar rats, suggesting a difference that arose post-transcriptionally. These observations support the idea that multiple defects of the glucose-responsive insulin secreting machinery are involved in the development of diabetes in GK rats.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Asymptomatic hyperglycaemia is associated with increased intimal plus medial thickness of the carotid artery

Author: Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Takenobu Kamada, Masashi Kubota, Hiroyuki Matsushima, Mineo Kodama, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Ryuzo Kawamori, and Hideko Nishizawa
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Arteriosclerosis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Carotid arteries, Coronary Disease, Asymptomatic, Impaired glucose tolerance, Electrocardiography, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose Intolerance, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Ultrasonography, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Vascular disease, Ultrasound, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary heart disease, Surgery, Carotid Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hyperglycemia, Cardiology, Regression Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, Tunica Media, business
Abstract: Atherosclerotic changes have not been demonstrated directly in asymptomatic hyperglycaemic non-diabetic subjects, although high mortality due to coronary heart disease has been reported. We measured arterial wall thickness non-invasively, in order to directly demonstrate atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries of hyperglycaemic non-diabetic subjects and to evaluate its risk factors. The thicknesses of the intimal plus medial complex (IMT) of the carotid arteries of 112 asymptomatic hyperglycaemic non-diabetic subjects (aged 22-81, 95 males and 17 females) were compared with those of 55 healthy male subjects and 211 non-insulin-dependent NIDDM male diabetic patients. The subjects were subgrouped into impaired glucose-tolerant (IGT) subjects who had a 2-h glycaemic level of more than 7.8 mmol/l, and non-IGT subjects whose 2-h glycaemic levels were within 6.7-7.7 mmol/l. Non-IGT and IGT subjects showed significantly greater IMTs than age-matched healthy males and showed no significant differences compared to age-matched NIDDM patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for IMT of non-IGT and IGT subjects were age and systolic blood pressure. According to data on the accumulation of atherogenic risks (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and smoking), IMT increased linearly in non-IGT and IGT subjects. However, non-IGT and IGT subjects without hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, or smoking risk still had significantly greater IMT than age-matched normal males (1.019 +/- 0.063 vs 0.770 +/- 0.111 mm, p0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. A Case of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with Antiinsulin Antibody: Effect of Subcutaneous Injection of Human Recombinant Insulin-like Growth Factor-I

Author: Ryuzo Kawamori, Toyohiko Morishima, Minoru Kubota, Yoshio Fujitani, Takenobu Kamada, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Michihiko Kishimoto, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Recombinant Insulin-Like Growth Factor, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Growth factor, medicine.medical_treatment, Insulin, Hypoglycemia, medicine.disease, Subcutaneous injection, Endocrinology, Postprandial, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract: We saw a 57-yr-old female non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patient with antiinsulin antibody, in whom insulin-like growth factor- I (IGF-I) was shown to be effective as a blood glucose-lowering agent. Due to the presence of the antibody, the patient suffered from postprandial hyperglycemia and frequent hypoglycemia, which were uncontrollable even by multiple insulin injection therapy. In contrast to insulin injection (0.24IU/kg body wt) which showed a delayed glucoselowering effect, subcutaneous injection of recombinant human IGF-I (0.05-0.1mg/kg body wt) caused a quick fall in plasma glucose levels. Prolongation of the glucose-lowering effect of “rapid-acting” insulin frequently caused subsequent hypoglycemia in this patient, but the effect of IGF-I seemed to have disappeared within the first three hours.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Improvement in blunted glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia by strict glycemic control in diabetics

Author: Minoru Kubota, Takenobu Kamada, Yoshikazu Goriya, N. Iwama, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Ryuzo Kawamori, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Masaru Katsura, and Motoaki Shichiri
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Hypoglycemia, Glucagon, Insulin Infusion Systems, Endocrinology, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Insulin Secretion, Internal Medicine, Humans, Insulin, Medicine, Pancreatic hormone, Artificial endocrine pancreas, Glycemic, Glycated Hemoglobin, C-Peptide, business.industry, Glucagon secretion, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract: To elucidate the mechanism of impaired pancreatic A cell function in hypoglycemia in diabetics, the effect of long-term strict glycemic regulations on hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion was studied. Firstly, the effect of plasma insulin concentrations on suppressing A cell was studied in healthy volunteers by injecting insulin at doses of 0.1 U/kg and 0.3 U/kg. With 0.3 U/kg of insulin, the rate of fall in glycemia and the nadir of blood glucose were made similar to those with 0.1 U/kg of insulin by glucose infusion with artificial endocrine pancreas. Plasma glucagon response after 0.3 U/kg of insulin was significantly suppressed as compared to that after 0.1 U/kg of insulin, demonstrating that not only hypoglycemic stimulus but also plasma insulin concentration were important determinants responsible for glucagon secretion in insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Secondly, effect of strict glycemic control was studied. Short-acting insulin at a dose of 0.1 U/kg was injected in an intravenous bolus form into 12 insulin-dependent (IDDM) and 9 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetics before and 1–3 months after strict glycemic control with multiple insulin injections therapy. Before strict glycemic regulations in IDDM, no significant rise in plasma glucagon concentrations was observed during the insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In NIDDM, a rise in plasma glucagon concentrations was observed, though the response was delayed. After strict glycemic regulations, in patients with residual endogenous insulin secretion, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia improved considerably in IDDM and normalized in NIDDM. In IDDM and NIDDM, improvement in glucagon response to hypoglycemia related positively to daily urinary secretion rate of C-peptide. From these experiments, it is clearly shown that blunted hypoglycemia induced glucagon secretion in diabetics is secondary to poor glycemic control, and that the existence of endogenous insulin secretion is essential to glucagon response to hypoglycemia.
Published: 1993
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Vinegar intake enhances flow-mediated vasodilatation via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity

Author: Ryuichiro Murakami, Syoji Sakakibara, Masafumi Kitakaze, Takayuki Kaga, Mikio Takahashi, Mikiya Kishi, Toyoaki Murohara, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, and Takashi Fushimi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endothelium, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Vasodilation, Biology, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Umbilical vein, Analytical Chemistry, Cell Line, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enos, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Phosphorylation, Protein kinase A, Molecular Biology, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Acetic Acid, Organic Chemistry, AMPK, Endothelial Cells, Biological Transport, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Up-Regulation, Nitric oxide synthase, Enzyme Activation, Plethysmography, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Regional Blood Flow, biology.protein, Female, Biotechnology, Signal Transduction
Abstract: This study examined the effect of acetate on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by immunoblotting assay and the ability of acetic acid to upregulate flow-mediated vasodilatation in humans. In HUVECs, acetate induced a biphasic increase in the phosphorylated form of eNOS. The amount of phosphorylated eNOS was significantly increased by exposure to 200 mumol/l acetate for 20 min (early phase) and for 4 h (late phase). The inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) blocked acetate-induced eNOS phosphorylation in the early and the late phase respectively. Furthermore, in postmenopausal women, maximum forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to shear stress increased in the vinegar (acetic acid) administered group compared to the placebo group. These results suggest that acetic acid-induced eNOS phosphorylation contributes to upregulation of flow-mediated vasodilatation in humans.
Published: 2010

33. Effect of crocetin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis on sleep: a pilot study

Author: N. Umigai, Hirohiko Kuratsune, R. Takeno, T. Nakano, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, Crocetin, Pharmaceutical Science, Pilot Projects, Gardenia jasminoides, Placebo, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Drug Discovery, Medicine, Humans, Vitamin A, Pharmacology, Cross-Over Studies, biology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, Plant Extracts, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Gardenia, Sleep in non-human animals, Crossover study, Carotenoids, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Fruit, Molecular Medicine, business, Phytotherapy, Sleep
Abstract: Crocetin is a pharmacologically active carotenoid compound of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis used as a traditional herbal medicine and natural colorant. The present pilot study investigated the effect of crocetin on sleep. The clinical trial comprised a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 21 healthy adult men with a mild sleep complaint. It included two intervention periods of 2 weeks each, separated by a 2-week washout period. We measured objective sleep quality using an actigraph, and assessed the subjective symptoms using St Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire. Actigraph data showed that after administration of crocetin, the number of wakening episodes was reduced compared to that of the placebo (p=0.025). Subjective data from St Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire showed that crocetin tended to improve the quality of sleep compared to sleep before its intake. Additionally, no side effects from crocetin intake were observed. The results suggest that crocetin may contribute to improving the quality of sleep.
Published: 2009

34. Mental and physical fatigue-related biochemical alterations

Author: Masaaki Tanaka, Kaoru Yoshida, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Asami Eguchi, Tsuyoshi Tahara, Kei Mizuno, Hiroshi Mizuma, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Tomoko Shirai, Hirohiko Kuratsune, Tomohiro Sugino, Osami Kajimoto, Suzuka Ataka, Satoshi Nozaki, and Kaori Okuyama
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Relaxation, Time Factors, Urinalysis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Creatine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Vanillylmandelic acid, Carnitine, Saliva, Fatigue, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nutrition and Dietetics, Cross-Over Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, Fatty acid, Mental Fatigue, Endocrinology, chemistry, Muscle Fatigue, Ketone bodies, Uric acid, Female, Blood Chemical Analysis, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective To confirm fatigue-related biochemical alterations, we measured various parameters just before and after relaxation and fatigue-inducing mental or physical sessions. Methods Fifty-four healthy volunteers were randomized to perform relaxation and fatigue-inducing mental and physical sessions for 4 h in a double-blind, three-crossover design. Before and after each session, subjects were asked to rate their subjective sensations of fatigue, and blood, saliva, and urine samples were taken. Results After the fatigue-inducing mental and physical sessions, subjective scores of fatigue were increased. After the fatigue-inducing mental session, the vanillylmandelic acid level in urine was higher and plasma valine level was lower than after the relaxation session. In contrast, after the fatigue-inducing physical session, serum citric acid, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, ketone bodies, total carnitine, acylcarnitine, uric acid, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, plasma branched-chain amino acids, transforming growth factor-β1 and -β2, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, saliva cortisol and amylase, and urine vanillylmandelic acid levels were higher and serum free carnitine and plasma total amino acids and alanine levels were lower than those after the relaxation session. Conclusion Some mental or physical fatigue-related biochemical changes were determined. Various biochemical alterations reflecting homeostatic perturbation and its responses might be shown. We believe that our results contribute to clarifying the mechanism of fatigue, developing evaluation methods, and establishing a basis for treatment.
Published: 2007

35. Antihypertensive effect of casein hydrolysate in a placebo-controlled study in subjects with high-normal blood pressure and mild hypertension

Author: Osami Kajimoto, Naoyuki Yamamoto, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Keiichi Matsuura, Seiichi Mizuno, Shingo Nishimura, Mitsuharu Yabune, and Takanobu Gotou
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Dose, Aspergillus oryzae, Placebo-controlled study, Medicine (miscellaneous), Hemodynamics, Administration, Oral, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Blood Pressure, Gastroenterology, Hydrolysate, Body Mass Index, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, Volunteer, Antihypertensive Agents, Analysis of Variance, Nutrition and Dietetics, Lactotripeptides, business.industry, Body Weight, Caseins, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, chemistry, ACE inhibitor, Dietary Supplements, Hypertension, Female, business, Oligopeptides, medicine.drug
Abstract: We describe a clinical trial to study the efficacy of a casein hydrolysate, prepared using an Aspergillus oryzae protease, containing the major angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 131 volunteers with high-normal blood pressure and mild hypertension were randomly divided into four groups (n 32 or 33 in each group). Each volunteer was given two tablets containing four different dosages of VPP and IPP (VPP+IPP: 0, 1·8, 2·5 and 3·6 mg), daily for 6 weeks. A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed at 6 weeks in the active group receiving 1·8 mg (PPPPPPn 20 or 21 in each group) than in any of the other subjects. No significant change of diastolic blood pressure was observed for all the test groups, and no differences in diastolic blood pressure in the test sample groups compared with the placebo group were observed during the test period.
Published: 2005

36. Effect of bread containing resistant starch on postprandial blood glucose levels in humans

Author: Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Takashi Tanaka, Seio Hosoya, Osami Kajimoto, Yuji Yamada, Shigeru Nishimura, and Akira Nishimura
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Starch, medicine.medical_treatment, Blood Pressure, Placebo, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Placebos, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Double-Blind Method, Heart Rate, Internal medicine, medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Insulin, Resistant starch, Molecular Biology, Cross-Over Studies, Anthropometry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Organic Chemistry, food and beverages, General Medicine, Bread, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period, Crossover study, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Postprandial, chemistry, Female, Biotechnology
Abstract: We examined the inhibitory effect of a single ingestion of bread containing resistant starch (bread containing about 6 g of resistant starch derived from tapioca per 2 slices) (test food) on the postprandial increase in blood glucose in male and female adults with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 140 mg/dl. Bread not containing resistant starch (placebo) was used as the control. The study was conducted in 20 subjects (9 men and 11 women with a mean age of 50.5+/-7.5 years) using the crossover method, with a single ingestion of either bread containing resistant starch or the placebo. Blood glucose and insulin were measured before ingestion, and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h after ingestion. The blood glucose level before ingestion was stratified into a borderline group (blood glucose level/= 111 mg/dl) and a normal group (blood glucose level/= 110 mg/dl), with the upper limit of the normal range defined as 110 mg/dl. Postprandial increases in both blood glucose and blood insulin were significantly inhibited in subjects in the borderline group who took the test food in comparison with the placebo group (blood glucose: p0.05 and p0.01 at 1 and 1.5 h after ingestion respectively; insulin: p0.05, p0.01 and p0.05 at 1, 1.5, and 2 h after ingestion respectively). These results indicate that bread containing resistant starch is useful for prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, and as a supplementary means of dietetic therapy.
Published: 2005

37. Modulation of the JNK pathway in liver affects insulin resistance status

Author: Dan Kawamori, Munehide Matsuhisa, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Hideaki Kaneto, Takeshi Miyatsuka, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Masatsugu Hori, and Masahiro Hatazaki
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sucrose, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins, Mice, Obese, Biochemistry, Mice, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Animals, Phosphorylation, Molecular Biology, Glucose tolerance test, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Kinase, Wild type, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Cell Biology, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, Phosphoproteins, Dietary Fats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Insulin receptor, Endocrinology, Liver, biology.protein, Insulin Resistance
Abstract: The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is known to be activated under diabetic conditions and to possibly be involved in the progression of insulin resistance. In this study, we examined the effects of modulation of the JNK pathway in liver on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Overexpression of dominant-negative type JNK in the liver of obese diabetic mice dramatically improved insulin resistance and markedly decreased blood glucose levels. Conversely, expression of wild type JNK in the liver of normal mice decreased insulin sensitivity. The phosphorylation state of crucial molecules for insulin signaling was altered upon modification of the JNK pathway. Furthermore, suppression of the JNK pathway resulted in a dramatic decrease in the expression levels of the key gluconeogenic enzymes, and endogenous hepatic glucose production was also greatly reduced. Similar effects were observed in high fat, high sucrose diet-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that suppression of the JNK pathway in liver exerts greatly beneficial effects on insulin resistance status and glucose tolerance in both genetic and dietary models of diabetes.
Published: 2004

38. Insulin secretory defects and impaired islet architecture in pancreatic beta-cell-specific STAT3 knockout mice

Author: Yoshio Fujitani, Yasuhide Miyamoto, Mark A. Magnuson, Shizuo Akira, Hideaki Kaneto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Shin-ichi Gorogawa, Yoji Hazama, Masatsugu Hori, and Kiyoshi Takeda
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Leptin, Male, STAT3 Transcription Factor, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Transgene, Biophysics, Appetite, Biochemistry, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Obesity, Transgenes, STAT3, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Molecular Biology, Cell Size, Mice, Knockout, geography, Glucose tolerance test, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Growth factor, Body Weight, Cell Biology, Glucose Tolerance Test, Islet, Insulin oscillation, Rats, DNA-Binding Proteins, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, Trans-Activators, Female, Beta cell
Abstract: Normal islet formation and function depends on the action of various growth factors operating in pre- and postnatal development; however, the specific physiological function of each factor is largely unknown. Loss-of-function analyses in mice have provided little information so far, perhaps due to functional redundancies of the growth factors acting on the pancreas. The present study focuses on the role of the transcription factor STAT3 in insulin-producing cells. STAT3 is one of the potential downstream mediators for multiple growth factors acting on the pancreatic beta-cells, including betacellulin, hepatocyte growth factor, growth hormone, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. To elucidate its role in the beta-cells, the STAT3 gene was disrupted in insulin-producing cells in mice (STAT3-insKO), using a cre-mediated gene recombination approach. Unexpectedly, STAT3-insKO mice exhibited an increase in appetite and obesity at 8 weeks of age or older. The mice showed partial leptin resistance, suggesting that expression of the RIP (rat insulin promoter)-cre transgene in hypothalamus partially inhibited the appetite-regulating system. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, performed in non-obese 5-week-old mice, showed that the STAT3-insKO mice were glucose intolerant. Islet perifusion experiments further revealed a deficiency in early-phase insulin secretion. Whereas islet insulin content or islet mass was not affected, expression levels of GLUT2, SUR1, and VEGF-A were significantly reduced in STAT3-insKO islets. Interestingly, STAT3-insKO mice displayed impaired islet morphology: alpha-cells were frequently seen in central regions of islets. Our present observations demonstrate a unique role of STAT3 in maintaining glucose-mediated early-phase insulin secretion and normal islet morphology.
Published: 2004

39. 40(th) EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

Author: S. Artigas, A V Dreval, Mark I. McCarthy, C Watson, Peter H. Bennett, M Quint, Y Ikeda, E Alpert, F Schiele, H Sekihara, Erik Gylfe, P Lowe, J Kuhlmann, Alain Golay, V Longo, Shahidul Alam Khan Akm., L G Mantovani, M Zawodniak-Szalapska, G Winkler, T Harrity, L Virág, U Johne, Kuo S-W., Linda C Tapsell, J Rodriguez, Michel Komajda, K Kankova, Carole A. Cull, M Sporna, E Estilles, U Ribel, M C Spruce, E Buzzigoli, T Prazak, J K McLaughlin, M K Lingohr, M Lim, F Calara, A Siebenhofer, G Meregalli, Roberto Anichini, A D Baron, R Kurashvili, P C Butler, G I Fantus, T. E. De Gooyer, Park Y-M., R. Walther, S Heinrich, Agnieszka Zawiejska, S Mukherjee, Nikolaos Papanas, G Wong, Ian D. Caterson, David M. Maahs, Shuichi Kaneko, Alexandra E. Butler, Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, O N Kong, Attali J-R., C A Hedman, K Oshinyemi, Nicolle Müller, I C Cranston, N Okumus, M V Vlaiculescu, Balasubramanian Ravikumar, W W Cheatham, K Mukasa, K B Biswas, Annunziata Lapolla, Phil McEwan, G Mader, Gilles Chassot, Dragi Anevski, Werner A. Scherbaum, M Donath, C Hesselmann, R A Gandhi, David E. Moller, Ezio Bonifacio, C Garcia, V Ifandi, P Hornnes, Nieuwenhoven Fav., C Puech, S Pérez-Del-Pulgar, Kim S-R., G Hines, C Rubio Terrés, Michael Gaster, N. Hosszufalusi, A Scholze, Andrew A. Young, Stavros Liatis, F Hariri, S Tan, Paul Valensi, Allan E. Karlsen, J Kim, E. Moberg, J Kaiser, L Berman, G Nelson, A Altkrüger, P Kothare, D B Cook, S Doran, G. van Dijk, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Kim C-S., P Stahl, M Manousaki, S Sigrist, S K Lim, M. P. Stern, A Guberti, C Rezzani, J McKenney, Karl Thomaseth, Sofia Carlsson, M Julia, R Brillante, I Rubesova, T Darkow, E Matsumoto, Wendy M. Macfarlane, M Di Martino, G Bardini, Rossella Menghini, D Duhot, E Farcasiu, Annalisa Natalicchio, I Lindner, J Buvat, Christian L. Brand, Harry Dorchy, Iwona Pietrzak, Z T Luo, P Home, M Ekelund, Jesper Gromada, Kristine Færch, F Piarulli, H Kim, R Mentel, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér, Dullaart Rpf., Anton Luger, Thomas A. Pearson, V Manicardi, P Rösen, Feng Y-M., R Morganti, Lars Hansen, Demuth H-U., Haruo Kasai, A Shostak, Rudi Steffensen, G Taylor, Markolf Hanefeld, C Santini, E Hamaguchi, Roberto Miccoli, F Storms, M Cooper, Y Lee, Allison E. Aiello, P Smith, T Suehiro, K Treece, M Waluś, Timothy A Welborn, Simone Baltrusch, E Kontela, S Chai, J Crean, H Yokoyama, Johan G. Eriksson, Rafael Hernández Hernández, J Rodríguez-Saldaña, M P Tornero, G Formoso, D. Lovell, E Bingham, A Mylonakis, M Manteghetti, D Fedele, Antonio Martín-Duce, Ralph A. DeFronzo, D Salcedo, Kurt Højlund, Antonio Petrone, Sheu Whh., C Gutierrez, Flavia Pricci, S Kurita, Z G Abbas, M M Benedetti, Philippe A. Halban, Daniel J. Cox, O Ljungkvist, Justine Davies, J Palsgaard, Lars Sjöström, E Bosi, L Janin-Manificat, W. F. Kelly, M. Fernandez, E Colak, O V Mulyarchik, B Kronshage, F Lang, M Erfurth, Takashi Kadowaki, N Jendrike, U Walter, J Wishart, Y. Neye, D Kim, N Furuhashi, M Barsotti, D Florow, L Ke, L Borgquist, N C Jackson, Ffolliott M. Fisher, V Baskar, K Yoshioka, Bryan A. Wolf, G Chabrier, R Skoumal, Livio Luzi, H Kose, I Pharisien, B. Klein, H Winiarska, M C Johnson, L Griffiths, Nonna Kravchun, C Combe, Baptist Gallwitz, J Zdychova, L Skorda, Jorma Ilonen, W Gao, I N Steen, A Terrinoni, P D Ambery, W Kern, C M Kusminski, Cho M-H., Paolo Pozzilli, Louise G. Grunnet, E Schönle, David R Matthews, Robert W. Taylor, Y Cohen, Kim H-S., M P Eccles, N B Tutuncu, D McDowell, Richard M. Bergenstal, K Takamatsu, T Steiner, Jaan Palgi, Valdemar Grill, N Niculescu, G Federici, S Lehto, P. M. McKeigue, M Barone, Michael E. Trautmann, S Smirnov, J Mannion, M Eto, C Rousseau, M Conti, C S Ernest, Antonio Ceriello, D H Schweitzer, Jung E-D., Andreas Festa, Avijit Lahiri, A Shepelkevich, A Murro, A Kollmann, Jonathan R.S. Arch, R Landgraf, Son H-Y., I Engelsberger, E Agardh, S Rodríguez-Mulero, P J Kraml, K Lee, D. F. Du Toit, E Kim, G Fadini, Williams Ajk., Philip Home, M B Antcieferov, C Perlemoine, D Perrea, Song X-L., D Ruggieri, Krister Bokvist, Heidi Sørensen, Bilbao, G Yoshino, J P Taylor, Shen H-M., S M Furier, R Urquhart, J Wohlgelernter, Jianping Weng, T. Baba, Q Hong, C Silva, Castaigne J-P., M Felaco, X X Zhang, M Jaroň, Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, J G Papp, Toshio Miyata, Lervang H-H., Park M-K., I Kinalska, A Long, Oomen Phn., N Kogawa, Ippolita Patrizia Patera, S. Karadeniz, Dinesh Selvarajah, D S Chung, A Wensaas, Richard Imrich, M Recasens, J Ruxer, O Buchea, E Wilpart, S P Stepanenko, Le Ttd., H Ohgawara, Mariaconsuelo Valentini, A Mondok, M Peltonen, Marianne O. Larsen, K Chatzianagnostou, Agneta Ståhle, A L Ferrari, L Bordier, F Maingrette, A Matsuda, G Vukomanovic, Jakob D. Wikstrom, T Yamakita, E Gorostiaga, J Jin, B Gopalan, Heinz Drexel, S Hewitt, Rury R. Holman, C Dieterle, T L Ruchti, N Asatiani, M Sidira, A Iezzi, A J Sommerfield, D Châtenet, M L Olsen, R Bergemann, C Koehler, T L Kuraeva, B Balas, Christian Berne, E Santos-Mazo, G Smith, A Siejka, R Kožnarová, A Mattina, S Sheikh, A Adomeit, M Rasmussen, J. Fagerudd, N Busciantella Ricci, Nuria Vilarrasa, E Hammar, T L Thoms, L Aydın, Ron G. Rosenfeld, A Nikolajuk, R Gos, C L Morgan, H L Yu, D Dheelchand, S Ramrath, N Boudriga, Jerome I. Rotter, C Jahannault, W M Weston, Folke Lindgärde, M Hertlova, D Knight, A Monroy-Mayorga, E Pardini, A Chamson-Reig, B Franke, Janie McCluskey, Joseph Bryan, C Nikolopoulou, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fausto Santeusanio, L Pegoraro, M Lee, A Klimenko, S Jaiveer, K. Pettersson-Fernholm, Michael A. Nauck, A Ekbom-Schnell, G Deferrari, Riccardo Schiaffini, S. Pampanelli, Khan Aka., David Hopkins, Maija Wessman, M Kamarinos, Noh J-H., O Ebisui, K McCarroll, Jeppe Sturis, Peter Nowotny, N Gorbenko, Åke Sjöholm, David G. Maggs, A E Halseth, B Cresci, A A Ortiz-Gress, A Korakovouni, O Matejkova, C E Mogensen, C J Lin, Ramon Gomis, H Seaman, C Granier, Yang C-H., F Assah, O Sanchez, Fausto Machicao, Peter G. Morris, Alberto Ortiz, A Giardinelli, D Bracaglia, A Gonzalo, S Pavlatos, Andreas Lechner, F Canovic, L Sjolind, Allan Vaag, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, David A. Ziegler, Vito Lampasona, R Gershoni-Baruch, A. Dei Cas, H Renz, E Mena, Matthew Waltham, Kim D-M., H Levanen, D D Mick, Valentina Alexandrovna Peterkova, E Meskhishvili, Sarah Nutland, R Bustani, John R. Lindsay, M Christoforidou, A Abicht, E Harno, K Cyganek, A Fitchet, S Neelotpol, P Nikishin, P Serradas, J Hinrichsen, M Halvorson, M Chovatia, B Voet, Jinny Willis, E Parretti, M Haslbeck, M Wellard, L Teng, Julio Wainstein, J S Fischer, K. Lalic, D Roggenland, I Gich, R Anwar, Maurizio Cassader, D Serota, X J Li, R J Schotzinger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Björn Zethelius, S A Wootton, W Andrzejewski, R Rezsohazy, R Gao, T Klimentova, T Mazurek, I Bruckner, C Dohrmann, R E James, G daSilva Xavier, Kim S-Y., A Dorca, Stuart J. Pocock, Terri J. Allen, I Giovos, P B Parab, N H Andersen, P Fotinakis, Miriam Cnop, H Lee, Norbert Tennagels, Omorodola I. Abatan, F Ailett, I. Lager, D Manzella, H Hut, Larry A. Distiller, G Lip, Lim S-K., Rong Zhang, T Tsuno, Steen Knudsen, M. Bajardi, Manuel Benito, Dai Sugimoto, Melvin J. Prince, D W Dunstan, D Rankins, K A Majali, G Ozansoy, Isabella Russo, S Uçak, G Annuzzi, R Talar-Wojnarowska, K Lange, S Neugebauer-Baba, Campbell H. Thompson, Eric Renard, P. D. Mountjoy, Z Morrison, Elizabeth A. Davis, Franco Cavallo, C Corvaja, R Antuña, Craig John Currie, H Linnebjerg, He Y-L., A J Palmer, Mariola R. Chacón, H Malinska, M. Jones, R Lichnovská, K Mandes, Paolo Tessari, T Mokhort, A Laina, H. L. Y. Chan, I Schmidt, R Banks, Richard G. IJzerman, L Ksinantova, G Setti, H Vaudry, A Gallo, V Spallone, Chen J-W., Thomas Danne, A Chong, M Hallschmid, S Aczel, S Hulme, N Islam, M Hosoi, P M Ternan, P Di Bartolo, N Bishara, T Shibasaki, Martin A. Osterhoff, Im S-S., M Jecht, T Hamaguchi, S Mattera, K Ways, Elizabeth Northam, U Rajala, Reinhard W. Holl, L Yang, S Panaiotopoulos, K Horvath, R Kluge, Thora B. Bodvarsdottir, Y Dong, Irene Alemanno, C McDougall, Reimar W. Thomsen, M Campbell, W Rabl, John Öhrvik, Yuichiro Yamada, Paola Ungaro, W Benzer, Mike Sampson, Roberto Trevisan, R G Radu, Aas A-M., P E Lobo, Ricardo Scott, S M Son, Josephine M. Forbes, T A Hillier, K L Wyne, Louis L. Nguyen, J Farmer, M H Tan, Kwon H-S., J Yang, L Sandvik, Franco Folli, A K Jenum, M Nguyen, W Pratipanawatr, A L Frederiksen, Rebecca Smith, Lee H-J., A Schäfer, C Manuelli, G S Denver, T Vukovich, B Maceira, K Matsumoto, K. Chokkalingam, Nurcan Üçeyler, P Modi, Timothy M. Morgan, S Mertens, B M Singh, Michaela Riedl, K Iso, C Cucurullo, G. F. Bottazzo, M Calvani, K Hur, J Wetzels, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Y Aso, H Stammer, M G Masding, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, J L González-Sánchez, L Armstrong, Alberto Maran, Peter G.F. Swift, S S Popovic, J Starczynski, E Vitacolonna, Luigi Laviola, R W Gelling, Marina Cardellini, D Barilla, Rosa de Diego Martínez, W H Landschulz, Anne Mette Rosenfalck, R K Wong, Kevin E. Schneider, K Peros, Giuseppe Nanni, F Zhang, I Rákóczi, T Iburi, M Nakhjavani, X Q Zhang, S Tournis, Per Lav Madsen, Graham A. Hitman, A. Tura, K Laubner, N D Kostic, Lawrence M. Dolan, R. Sinha Roy, J A Wagner, J. Tuomilehto, J Hauptman, M Abdel-Ghany, D Lacombe, Toralph Ruge, Johannes A Maassen, Triantafyllos Didangelos, K Sasaki, I Argüelles, Klaus Levin, C Popow, Emanuel Christ, R Chetty, L Baillet-Blanco, Jo-Ann Salmon, T Mine, James L. Trevaskis, I Franke, J Gorski, E A Andrianova, A Dayan, A Caballero, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, M Yasujima, Z Kasalová, C.D.A. Stehouwer, F. K. Gorus, G A Nichols, A Glowania, David P. Strachan, P Fredlund, N. F. da Silva, P Reboldi, M Sausbier, K H Groenier, G Stuccio, N Guttman, K R Ahmed, A D Ristic, T Kapellen, J Coutcher, Aldo V. Greco, Oswald Wagner, A Zagayko, Maria Alevizaki, B B Zhang, W F Ferris, Jenny Fredriksson, Lois Jovanovic, J Hänninen, R De Giglio, Kazuo Yagui, O Potterat, P Hamliton, R E Scranton, B Mankovsky, A Stylianou, B Fellström, Abdel-Wahab Yha., M Kitagawa, Katherine L. Baldock, F R Johnson, F Baigts, S D'Addato, F J Sanz, A Mistry, S D Wise, T Pratipanawatr, U R Fölsch, James R.C. Parkinson, Claudia Sommer, C Park, F E Griffiths, M L Martí, R Demirtunc, S Taniguchi, J Lundkvist, T Siegmund, Juan Sztajzel, C Dienesch, F Baumgartner, L Scalone, T M Mckolanis, K Otake, Ullrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, T M Vriesendorp, Michael B. Wheeler, Henry Schmitt, Peter Hovind, S Lange, Stephane Roze, L. Van Gaal, B Klaproth, Anthony E. Civitarese, D Eckland, A Dagar, D F Hopkins, Kari Stefansson, C Gonzalez-Yanes, B Meyboom-de Jong, D. J. Betteridge, K Buhling, M Crepaldi, Ana M. Wägner, L Renna, L Volpe, R McBride, V Corbo, E O Brennesvik, R P Hayes, R Abdollahnia, G Viviani, C F Liew, Francisco Pérez-Bravo, Jeffrey Baron, Brian M. Frier, H H Samira, D Szentendrei, K. J. Schjoedt, W K Waldhäusl, D Gniuli, D Zou, G Tschank, V Urbančič, A L Nolan, Albertini J-P., J Malcomson, M Larbig, C Cheyssac, K Aurich, C M Kesson, S Heller, Maija E. Miettinen, R F Luco, Adrian J. Cameron, Luigi Mattiello, Z. Metelko, X E Zhang, M Parramón, I. G. Obrosova, J Fruchart, M Ilic, Björn Eliasson, Gilles Chatellier, M A Martín, D M Kendall, Holger Luthman, V F Varillas, D Maccubbin, Jang S-A., Amalia Gastaldelli, E Salzsieder, P. de Mol, A Yoshida, H D Lindner, D Gostiljac, M Just, Pan C-Y., J M Fujitaki, G Eiermann, K Bergenheim, A D Frick, A Agacdiken, K Varytimiadis, K Cseh, D A Jackson, S Calderari, Dena G. Hernandez, H M Liebich, K Min, F. de Zegher, Bernd Kulzer, K Han, Ulrich A. Müller, D Marrero, H Hatakeyama, René Koopman, Doo H-K., Petr Wohl, P. Sharp, P Forder, Thor Aspelund, N Meneveau, R M Schmülling, R Aubert, Thom Sam., H Youshikawa, M Ankelo, D Bowden, I Kelly, Frédéric Fumeron, M Sartini, Robert S. Sherwin, L Varadhan, A Criscimanna, John Betteridge, V Jelic, M Bartnik, N Lemke, B Ursø, A Bertoldo, A M Owona, H Okochi, L Pérez-Tamajó, S L Monfre, Daniel Brandhorst, K T Legg, Andries J. Smit, Veronica Sancho, Masashi Hirai, C Klein, Paul J. Thornalley, A Chaidaroglou, K Miura, B Zinman, O M Dvoynishnikova, J Plank, Jan Bolinder, C Lush, B Rubi, R Pozzilli, M Bashir, S A Shtandel, F Mosca, A Naskalska, Josef Vcelak, U Sausbier, P Cavaiani, T U Baehring, Michele Solimena, P Formisano, M Rastaldi, Bernard Thorens, J Ruzzin, E Arbit, M. Hori, Torkel B. Brismar, E Soltes Rak, A Filo, P Heinke, Matthew P. Coghlan, M Masotti, I Perevozskaya, K Ahn, I Moules, K Van Dyck, I Goldstein, Z Mathe, G Z Zhao, S Fajardo, J Taylor, S Chrul, J C Pareja, D Hadjidakis, A J Scheen, N Siddiqua, D C Cavan, R Grella, Krabbe S, H J Rochlitz, A E Hinkkanen, W Wilpshaar, Richard Stevens, M Dreyer, S Hara, X Wang, Melania Manco, D Gillen, Magalie A. Ravier, Olli Simell, John C. Lawrence, Kohnert K-D., Agardh C-D., A Berghold, L Kristensen, Grant Sfa., N Gursoy, Leif Groop, N Freemantle, Anja Schweizer, L Pala, Legros J-J., C. Di Pietro, N. Yamamoto, J Magyar, B Nikolovski, H Ikeda, D Lee, Bruce A. Buckingham, A O Wollitzer, I Kennedy, C Ernest, Neville H. McClenaghan, S Tanaka, Asimina Mitrakou, T Heinze, W Kerner, Moeenaldeen Al-Sayed, Charles Thivolet, L Klaff, A Miconi, Cristina Valeri, J. O. Christensen, K. Ekberg, A Jardine, T Endo, X Zhang, D F Child, A Kienitz, D K Seidel, H. Tada, Sylvie Abouna, Cyrus Cooper, Catherine R Chittleborough, Roberta Assaloni, S Corbi, A K Bose, K Ozawa, C Ahn, K A Deans, G Jackowski, Martin Gibson, Patrick McElduff, O A Mojiminiyi, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, O Dupuy, A L Davydov, Iwar Klimes, Sten-Anders Ivarsson, N Ichino, R Matsutomo, E R Smith, A Stefanovska, B Dehmel, K Koniavitou, E Agascioglu, M Hatazaki, J. M. Gibson, T Yada, P Ribaux, M Rupnik, K Fridell, G Scutaru, L Chugunova, Henrietta Mulnier, A Kendereski, H Lehnert, C Billi, M Sobczak, Francisco M-Mj., L K Archibald, S Sukumvanich, David B. Dunger, I. Benke, G Yillar, N Stingemore, J. M. Boavida, Y Shi, Jimmy D. Bell, L Bozzetto, Andrew J. Ahmann, E Jebens, J Keiding, Elena Henkel, Mark Fineman, J F McRae, Carol Forsblom, S Martemucci, Lourdes Ibáñez, P G Prieto, L Ringholm Nielsen, S Pratas, B von Stritzky, Julio Rosenstock, Lee K-W., J Stocks, L J Strow, I Samarguliani, L Wennekes, R Cheung, Abhishek Nag, Roberto Gambino, Y Suleymanoglu, E Murphy, T T Durck, M F Peyrot, Y Unno, Alexander Mayorov, Eleuterio Ferrannini, D. C. Rao, D Neely, H Karunajeewa, J Palmisano, Julia B. Lewis, M Ravid, G Pons, E Junca, P Vexiau, S Sailesh, D K Miloslavskiy, O N Bondarenko, U Smith, S Torri, Constantine Tsigos, Cesario Bianchi, Mattia Locatelli, D Jaquet, Virpi Lindi, M Moroi, M E Tushuizen, P Pelicci, R Scognamiglio, Pal Pacher, S M Thyssen, A Péterfalvi, Y Ho, S Guntram, L Romics, T Nakagami, Clive S. Cockram, Irina Kowalska, K Brodbeck, Gojka Roglic, J. Dörig, Lise Tarnow, Therese Tillin, A López-Alba, Martin Krššák, Moses Elisaf, S Hata, D P Snoeck, D Schmoll, O V Udovichenko, A Scaramuzza, J Paul, John H. Fuller, Nicholas Katsilambros, Michele Muggeo, Pia Ekbom, Piero Marchetti, V Melki, C Bailleau, H Stavrianos, A D'Errico, Geremia B. Bolli, Amabile Maier, Kelter A-R., Anders Green, Q J Morélis, Steffen Thiel, C Watkins, R C Cheung, A Clark, Elvira Fioriti, N Ari, Nam J-Y., Y Cottin, L G Krinelke, H Al Mohammedi, Simon C. Fleming, C Jones, Z Kerényi, Ahn Y-H., Meile M-J., P Nánási, M Graner, V Canonico, Gangnerau M-N., Hugh R. Taylor, Giovanni Sartore, A. Dejgaard, Carol Kelley, S. Ali, Stéphane Dalle, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Elena Šeböková, Alexander Beck, Ingo B. Leibiger, M Rosu, C Pencea, Werner Waldhäusl, Kaltenbacher M-C., R Butzer, S Thore, Adam G. Tabak, Angelo Avogaro, E Standi, Boris Kovatchev, O Bradescu, Patrizia Dentelli, A Fujita, C Verri, R Chlup, Prasad Ydm., S V Hörsten, van der Merwe M-T., D Hilliard, W Klein, D Worthley, M Udvardy, Berit R. Jensen, A D'Avanzo, J Monaghan, K P Yeo, Guivarch P-H., B Bauduceau, D Weghuber, P Tatti, J Ybarra, S Gwozdziewiczová, E Gasparini, B Saltin, Charlotte Granhall, Howard Leventhal, R Marin, M Tumiati, Cicero Afg., L Csémy, B Berger, S Mikros, D Dall'Asta, M Shahmanesh, Y G Vasiljev, F Potthoff, H S Randeva, G De Berardis, J O Logan, K Warncke, P Uitterlinden, E Rehring, K Gilmore, K Shankhdhar, V V Bojko, M Vahatalo, E A Korolyova, D Wiemann, P G Lankisch, D Hendrie, F Galtier, M Rybarczyk, Gisela Dahlquist, N N Rudovich, G Stein, A Liebl, F Tan, A Westerlund, S Gronemann, I Franklin, Jonathan A. Prince, Peter Arner, E Skliros, T. Sparre, M Vigas, Maddalena Trombetta, L. Bjerre Knudsen, A C Sima, I Dubroca, Alastair Gray, I Weets, R Ferraresi, Schauer Ujw., E. Leinonen, S Corazza, Jonathan Levy, P K Prakash, R Guzder, S. Barnhill, John Blangero, J Herreros, G. de Vries, Cheng Ptw., A Macías-Batista, K. Capito, R Thomas, G Thomas, G Boemi, Lotte Pietraszek, Pierre Fontaine, I Holme, J Smedegaard, C A Harrop, U Helwig, B Levy, A P Gribben, Hiroto Furuta, P Beckett, S Giannini, Ruth L. Coleman, Eva Fernqvist-Forbes, N Cugnardey, A Dumas, Jane Pinaire, S E Hofer, D Shimono, Erik H. Serné, Alain D. Baron, C Battista, M Tanen, M Klementova, V Adams, J Komorowski, Antonio Nicolucci, E. C. Burns, H Sydall, M G Fanara, M G Giovannitti, N Okabayashi, Magdalena Szurkowska, I A Eroshkin, M. I. J. Uusitupa, D Ma, C C Dieguez, J Sutcliffe-Goulden, A V Gaddi, Michał Arabski, Serge Halimi, Wendy C. Burns, S Seclén, H Sugano, A Vinterby, K Backx, L F Diaconu, Fernando Gomez-Peralta, O'Harte Fpm., G Lepeniotis, D Laune, H Kvasničková, N H Wallén, G Boner, G Cieślik, Robert Hermann, Paul Q. Thomas, Y Kumon, Maria Maiello, M Atkins, Kenneth A. Earle, Guowang Xu, H Y Bae, I Reynisdottir, D Perez, D E Cannon, P Fabietti, I Geronooz, J Østergaard, K J Jeitler, S Skourtis, A Zambanini, A Saemann, K Kuboki, Helen L. Lutgers, A C Thai, Arne Melander, D Pinkowski, S G Straub, S A Wolfe-Coote, A Totora, Hayley Dickinson, A Lindenmair, A Ginis, I Faturos, F Van Eylen, C Huard, F Fu, N Wang, B M Rasmussen, Angela Napoli, L Granato, Markus M. Lerch, M. Frandsen, A Lyras, Lawrence S. Phillips, J Mabley, R Goldschmeding, B K Kilhovd, W Liu, Greg Poffenberger, P Cipriano, Anna Maria Charlotte K Lindqvist, A Matsuzawa, J Wang, T Yu, M S Pepper, Lena M. Thorn, Y Sakamoto, Blanche Schwappach, Anna L. Gloyn, P Dupraz, A. M. Schmidt, M Psallas, V Tsirimbis, Carl D. Langefeld, D Sass, H E Scholtz, M. Cailleau, Lauren Julia Brown, K Phillips, M. Iezzi, C Jayawarna, Eleni Anastasiou, R Lobmann, R Lundershausen, H Fujiwara, H R Nan, I C Smith, I A Karpova, A Navazio, S Kang, T. Hansen, T Watanabe, Gang Hu, Malik Rja., T Kennedy-Martin, Ulla M Smidt, J.M. Dekker, A A Fisher, H Liu, R E Pratley, B Sun, C Fledelius, J F Raposo, R Langham, Ahn S-Y., B R Waterhouse, Shaoping Deng, W Ricart, S V Melnichenko, Henrike Sell, M. Tomalino, N Takeda, Paola Massucco, A Harlan, W Henrich, C D Byrne, R Junik, Khalid Hussain, D Pop Gorceva, Torben Hansen, C Ritterath, K Ogawa, D V Phan, Bradley S Metcalf, Robb E. Moses, Juan P. Frias, Hitoshi Ishii, C Brisard, P Wolkow, H H Maurer, Ingo Rustenbeck, Juris J. Meier, Octavian Savu, S D Lin, V B Bregovski, A Fox, S Cicala, M. Koenen, L Vignati, O de Divitiis, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Kilian Rittig, J Song, Riccardo Candido, F Cohen-Boulakia, U Shankhdhar, P Jahan, Antonio Tiengo, E Liepinsh, C Álvarez, Sigurd Lenzen, James E. Foley, A. del Arco, M A Maitan, U Mollenhauer, M A Na, A Beha, B Aicher, Gabriele Meyer, E Sommariva, J Åman, B Gmeinhart, Theede A-M., Bjorn Bolinder, Giulio Ceolotto, S Sbrana, F Biarnes, Damini Dey, Barbara Thorand, H H Klein, Juliana C.N. Chan, L Piconi, S Gudbjornsdottir, E Bobbioni-Harsch, Joanna Polanska, Cristian Serafinceanu, S Gambardella, Olivier Huber, J D Brunzell, T Nagasawa, Loretta Vileikyte, A Szocs, H Löwel, Z Lin, Anders Juul, H Tsuneki, L Sauriol, G Siebert, Marit E. Jørgensen, K Matthies, Brian D. Green, P Jurowski, Z Gao, M Furuya, Silvia Manfrini, Efthymios Motakis, E Souvatzoglou, Qian Y-Z., Byun S-H., T Nguyen, M R Anwar, Geltrude Mingrone, B. Idzior-Walus, Mamas A. Mamas, G Scholl-Schilling, C Bittner, A E Raptis, L Laghi, Murray Stewart, M Orel, Janet M. Bryson, Chris P Gale, Åke Lernmark, A B Escorza-Domínguez, C Fuentes, A S Einarsdottir, M O Akinsola, P Maisonneuve, K S Leong, B Missler, Simona Frontoni, Con Tsalamandris, Flavio Francini, D Rouiller, B.E. de Galan, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, M Fioravanti, A E Weber, M Nargis, P Nowacki, Y Chen, B Larsen, Ruth E. Gimeno, A Wojciechowska Luźniak, R Meisterfeld, Limei Liu, A Ohashi, T Pieber, Bin Yao, G A Herman, M Pallini, R E Honkanen, H Nyblom, R Humbrecht, Takashi Tsuboi, Pinar Topsever, Monika Kellerer, J Woods, Steen Stender, C Kapitza, Sherwyn Schwartz, M Taskiran, N Hashimoto, A Jabin Gustafsson, K C Silva, I Nitz, S Dzienis-Straczkowska, H Elouil, L Sommese, Patricia A. McKinney, S Ogawa, E Carr, I Porchay, Robyn G Langham, Bruno Vergès, K H Usadel, S Sivakumaran, H M Hearnshaw, José Luis Santos, R Ishibashi, F Huq, Lebrethon M-C., Z Leshchenko, Elisabetta Torlone, A Saltiki, A Plaschke, Wolfgang Koenig, D. D'Avola, C L McTernan, Haruhiko Osawa, G Cazzetta, S J Lee, S Al Jebely, Hoogma Rpl., A Shimizu, Tack Cjj., Itamar Raz, Adrian Vella, P. B. M. de Andrade, Aguiar Lgk., Wolfgang E. Schmidt, T Wolthers, W. Gatling, T S Purewal, Philipp E. Scherer, E Heller, Stephan Gielen, Jo S-R., Monica Vedovato, L Nosek, R Ryder, G Giassakis, A Cretti, A Wajngot, T Waldhör, S Zoric, H C Lee, L Pulkkinen, L Lacey, I Tomescu, R S Patarrao, X C Liu, Lauge Schäffer, Jarkko Ustinov, Anders Thorell, K Kangawa, P J Wood, T Yeoh, Jo Satoh, G Psaras, Volker Burkart, Karin Schindler, Dario Pitocco, M Kolopp, Gabriela Roman, E Renström, M Goldberg, M Beregszaszi, S Senkel, M F Meyer, María Luisa Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, Elena Beltramo, J E Snaar, A Hayward, C Abreu-Padí, S E Vielwerth, R Krones, C C Stanciu, M Izquierdo, I Elbing, R Astorga, V I Bouloukos, P Zabielski, S Precerutti, Kang S-Y., K L Pratt, Joost H-G., Matthew L. Iorio, Naomi S. Levitt, Yutaka Seino, Peter A. Gottlieb, I Ehrén, Y Matsuyama, Jean Claude Mbanya, S Parveen, R Purvis, A Cappadona, V V Afanasyeva, K Löbner, S Del Guerra, V Valle, Victor A. Gault, M Tan, M M Budge, I Ioannidis, M Ishizawa, Castelli, D Nowak, János Rigó, Claudia Bleck, E Degli Esposti, C Tortul, M Klebach, E Schvarcz, L Pauline, D Krusova, J Csillag, Park K-G., Kaichi Kida, P Bialasiewicz, S Seeliger, B A Williams, P Mistry, T Nicer, N Ahmed, H Ohashi, Peter Achenbach, van Hessen Paw., Jesús Cancelas, E Cizmarova, D Takahashi, K Tanaka, A M Rojo Llobet, Q Chen, A J Garber, P Halban, B Brunmair, A Barthel, M R Katdare, Dominique Laude, M E Pavkov, C Leach, C M Breschi, S Okada, B Balent, Ornella Massa, Ravi K. Garg, van Loon Ljc., K Obuobie, W Moll, L Varanese, V Smejkalova, B Royer, M Roth, M Belfiglio, Chae M-K., I Kimura, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Hans-Jürgen Hedrich, Heinsbroek Acm., Jared Rutter, Ken Williams, K O Lee, A N Symeonidis, J B Brown, M Pfeuffer, W. C. Knowler, A N Barsukov, A Woods, T W Kim, Khalid Bak., Andrea Mari, David J. Pettitt, Y Tomioka, J Hochman, Mireia Mora Porta, K Pagava, Krzysztof C. Lewandowski, J Taton, T Yasaka, M Tyrberg, M Sargin, P Szenthe, R Sicree, C Abreu-Padín, Magdalena Lundgren, J Radziuk, Eili Tranheim Kase, W L Goudzwaard, Yanbing Li, E Ramos, H Monastiriotis, J Cur, S Pu, Lakka H-M., Park J-S., Fabrizio Barbetti, S. Ciani, Pavel Flachs, N C Correia, Angela A. Rivellese, F Ebara, Nicolas Musi, H van Ahlen, Helen M. Colhoun, Anna Czech, Steen B. Pedersen, N Jost, N Da Silva, J Nóvoa, Y Onuma, Anna Körner, D Michael, M Straczkowski, I. Truyen, R. Schmid, Søren Paaske Johnsen, H Koenig, B. Miranda-Palma, E Wasén, F Pervin, P Cavallo-Perin, M Niessen, E P Shavrikova, P Tarkun, M Vavlukis, H Gang, O Sánchez-Vilar, C Dalla Man, S. M. Haffner, R Eggertsen, L Pucci, F T Fiedorek, E I Mainas, H Holdass, Peter R. Shepherd, A Banu, R Lichiardopol, Lee M-K., N Zaytseva, B Gumbiner, Strotmann H-J., L Y Baranova, A Kissebah, A Pezzatini, I Kharroubi, N A Thornberry, A J Buckley, B Pontiggia, T Chen, M Ikebukuro, J Leach, C Frost, J Han, H Hashizume, G Poulsen, H Eckert, Paul Zimmet, Lee J-H., Peter E. Heding, S A Ross, Nils J. Færgeman, Giuseppe Penno, T Varbanova, H S Shon, Z Canturk, S Akahane, Noel G. Morgan, A Sener, Seronde M-E., P K Thaware, W Insull, S Forst, K E White, Christoffer Hedetoft, M R Holland, K Okamoto, F Yamagata, Markus Lassila, N Tanaka, Kristian Midthjell, R Isoaho, D A Legemate, M Motzkau, Y H Kang, A P Nescheret, J Boiko, Hemmo A. Drexhage, Gagik R Galstyan, Naim Shehadeh, Henning Beck-Nielsen, T I Justesen, O Kalter-Leibovici, T Vahlberg, M Mozdzan, G Siegert, V Dumenil, Katsumi Eguchi, J A Vazquez, Sally Hollis, H Haberland, A Souvatzoglou, M L Gavete, K. S. Nair, Katharine R. Owen, C Garcia-Rodenas, Gerald I. Shulman, Peters, H A Parkes, Y S Kim, Mats Rönnback, Isabelle Leclerc, Marie-Hélène Giroix, I D Caterson, S G Rønn, L Scionti, Silvia Pinach, Hans Christian Reinecker, Kathryn Noyes, P McTernan, C Y Tan, N. Lalic, Richard D. Carr, M. Toman, D Papazoglou, Domenico Bosco, G Lübben, F. Costanza, Tania Maffucci, Jonas Nygren, Ole Lander Svendsen, Kristin Taylor, Ugo Boggi, A Kayserilioglu, Gudmar Thorleifsson, G J Dunseath, B. Balkau, T Zieher, M Schwarts, A. R. Cobitz, P de Pablos, I Recas, Carlos Lorenzo, Pamela J. Shaw, Y Cho, C Münscher, Anna Maestroni, Milan Zdravkovic, Gerstl E-M., L L Xiu, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, A Deb, F Osaki, G Kirilov, B Staffler, Běla Bendlová, M Rebelatto, Frank Reimann, B Ø Christoffersen, S Durant, Fruchart J-C., Ravinder J. Singh, V Connolly, Q Zhang, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Francesco Andreozzi, N Talai Rad, V Loyková, Trampisch H-J., Stefano Menini, F. Rodríguez de Fonseca, W Hanif, H J Böhles, S Fotiadis, Philippe André, T Kubiak, T Friede, J Murin, Erwin Schleicher, Adam Garrow, M Takahashi, P Valensi, S Pappas, E Lim, D N Staroverova, C Tadgell, C Dessapt, Brittany A. Rasmussen, L Cheung, L E Porter, R Ishihara, J Ravisy, T Inukai, Christine Winzer, E M Özer, Nish Chaturvedi, Ana Chico, Ville-Petteri Mäkinen, N Bellili, Howlader, Jansson P-A., A Martella, Jan Frystyk, T Kakko, K Hershon, S Hoashi, B Nag, C Chabrolle, B Leatherdale, J. Lu, Stephen Colagiuri, C Brendel, Michael Roden, Peter Clausen, A L Macdonald, R A DeFronzo, F A VanNieuwenhoven, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Jonas J-C., Hobbs Fdr., H Uchino, S Del Prato, E Polakowska, L Shankhdhar, Hedrich H-J., S Rodriguez-Cuenca, A Schwarzmaier-D'Assie, K Fukuda, Robert H. Eckel, A. Hilding, A Rutscher, D Kerr, Junhua Li, C. Köhler, A Banaszak, Peter Lönnroth, P Wulff, M A Gruzov, Fariba Shojaee-Moradie, S Matsumoto, J P New, N Barthes, M G Leyck Dieken, Mian Li, O Ivanova, G Papalia, K A Nilsson, Parving H-H., P Merz, M. A. Schweitzer, A Morris, P. Andersen, O Tschritter, M Fitch, V Fejfarova, Elisabeth Bernroider, E C Kiawi, M de Kerdanet, Claus B. Juhl, C Taxvig, Kerstin Berntorp, Birgitte Andersen, C Coscelli, C Ktori, Norio Abiru, R Mössner, Hiroko Hirooka, Jens J. Holst, Q Dan, H F Gu, C Gimpelewicz, A Oeckinghaus, B DelBuono, J Kuroda, P Kastner, Clemens Fürnsinn, H Usui, R Mosqueda-Garcia, P De Meyts, K Yamagami, M Tóth, V Leite, H Alberti, M Meneses, Gregory Collier, E G Starostina, C Delaporte, Agostino Consoli, François Alhenc-Gelas, S Tonstad, G Schuler, J Juszczyk, G Hoefle, M Wilken, Mark A. Yorek, Volker Lodwig, G Edwards, E Catellani, Ewa Wender-Ozegowska, Kurt Hoffmann, I Markova, Steven J. Hunter, A Venkataraman, Bente Klarlund Pedersen, A Kengne, Ken K. Ong, L A Calo, M Huckova, Y Morikawa, Pierina Richiusa, D Giuffrida, Sonia Brichard, Giuseppe Paolisso, Andrew T. Hattersley, M Vankova, Jon G. Mabley, G Salvidio, M Montolio, X Yang, Barbara N. Campaigne, Ralph R. Turner, Andrew J.M. Boulton, P Johnston, S Berchtold, Roger Corder, D Ledwig, M. Di Mauro, Houweling, J H Bowker, J Hilsted, Shin D-W., B Kiran, E Esteve, A J Cameron, S Spera, Kathrin Maedler, S Tsujii, J. H. DeVries, S Cailleaux, M Walter, A Florén, R Lehtonen, Davis Tme., N Patsourakos, J. Marco, G Lepore, L Morcillo, J Burén, Paul Smits, Juraj Koska, Chung J-H., Katherine S. Elliott, Bong Soo Cha, Christian Weyer, F Montorsi, L G Søndergaard, H Horie, M Herten, N Aghamohamadzadeh, L A Scrocchi, A Oyarzún, Rutten Geh., K Yamada, M Zivkovic, R S Beifort, Lee I-K., S D Bouman, H Böhles, Dwight E. Matthews, Orville G. Kolterman, Bidda Rolin, I Shymanskyy, P Thomakos, John Strand, A Virkamäki, C M Clark, Y Tokumasa, Odusanya Pot., Joel F. Habener, Abel López-Bermejo, Anders Tengholm, D Argon, Lajoix A-D., N Aki, L Kessler, N Takahashi, A Zmysłowska, Kåre I. Birkeland, D Soon, Lars Køber, M Vaňková, Lee W-C., F Payeras-Más, C Lau, E Ramos Lopez, L Lukic, A Suehiro, Stephan J-A., I Estalella, Jørgen Jensen, Liaqat Ali, V S Dimitrijevic Sreckovic, V P Maximova, G Salietti, M Ding, Yuksel Altuntas, Chung K-D., F Kaufman, Ludwig Wagner, C Calvi, D X Gram, David G. Bruce, K Sprenger, M Schweers, D Kush, D B Panagiotakos, J. M. Currie, Luis Castaño, Dag E. Undlien, D. Haspel, A Suzuki, J Cederholm, S Garcia, L Cynober, P O'Hare, A Tsur, Christine Zimmermann, M Faimalie, V V Poltorak, S Alba, Axel Haupt, J Varga, Tetsuya Yamada, M Shoji, R H Lloyd-Mostyn, Péter Pusztai, Doney Asf., M N Gangnerau, I Shimizu, Henrik Ortsäter, F Liska, Mandeep Bajaj, H Sarui, Michal Andel, S Chiheb, Diane Barker, A. van Tol, Brigitte Reusens, I Anafaroglu, Giel Nijpels, F Bongardt, K Taxildaris, M. Orsini Federici, V A Horton, K Ota, A McCall, M Vladica, Anita M. Hennige, Karsten Müssig, A Philotheou, I Chronopoulos, N A Perrin, B Janand-Delenne, Søren S Lund, S Duarte, R Bernardi, R Holman, Safia Costes, Hubert Kolb, G J Schlömer, Rainer Lehmann, Lusson J-R., J K Malone, X I Nkomo, Lars Melholt Rasmussen, E G Chittilapilly, J Satrústegui, A M Abbatecola, M Cristini, U Hanson, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Frida Renström, Luigi Uccioli, A Hennige, T Akhobadze, U Raval, D J McCarty, Didac Mauricio, S Horiuchi, V V Nosikov, B Wierusz-Wysocka, K Xiang, H L Fehm, Elaine Gutierrez, S Salman, E Siekierka-Kleiser, P Martul, N Kajaia, A W Herling, Tony R. Merriman, Kirsten J. Ward, René Gross, S K Althouse, S Woodhead, Emmanuel Cosson, T Rönnemaa, T M Filiz, Jerzy Loba, S Sha, Klas Malmberg, Carlo Pesce, Jung D-S., I Majdrakova, Thomas Forst, M Schütt, Hierl F-X., A M Efanov, I Verschraegen, H B Jensen-Holm, D Deckhut, Frida Leonetti, N Selzle, G Cassetti, Jose L Mesa, G Morrison, Christian-Heinz Anderwald, C Kliebe-Frisch, J H Moffitt, P Lahm, Hiroshi Ishiguro, E. Borgo, A Keech, L Quagliaro, Thomas O. Ola, Henquin J-C., W J Sluiter, F Leprêtre, Kalliopi Kotsa, Peter Karl Jacobsen, E Sanchez-Largo, E Gaia, Daniel R. Witte, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, G Seebohm, E Cacès, R G Khalifah, W Wilson, Avan Aihie Sayer, C Raffaitin, J Gumprecht, T Lehmann, E Migliaccio, R Urrutia, E Shelestova, A V Chervonsky, Stefan Mustafa, Y Hisano, Erik A. Richter, J Miettinen, K M Gottesdiener, Gangyi Yang, D Chevenne, A Girach, P Samuelsson, Taskinen M-R., D Ciociaro, D Aydemir, Yang S-B., P De, Dongliang Zhuang, Nathan R. Hill, B V Hansen, Hideki Katagiri, M Saryusz-Wolska, G Y Gandhi, Nicholas Witt, D Berzi, B J Mejía-Pedraza, D G Burrin, R Mather, V Ashkenazi-Katalan, Y Yamasaki, G B Jensen, Emma L. Edghill, Y Wang, I J Deary, M Langenfeld, J L James, K Yozai, T Appleton, Jamal A-M., A. Di Benedetto, Yutaka Nakaya, Elin Rebecka Carlsson, Y Park, T Carpenter, Attila Bokor, Patrick Harriott, S Ait El Mkadem, B Lormeau, A Ceylan-Isık, Stefania Bandinelli, Isabel Valverde, N Brevnova, Pietro Passera, F Escrivá, J El-Din, G Ertl, Tringham, S Wakabayashi, J Soler-Soler, T Tenenbaum, Kurt Widhalm, S Yoshizumi, M Masin, L Tsibina, S Shutler, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Nigel J. Crowther, M C O'Neill, A N Pehlivanidis, A Kürklü, P Bouter, Savontaus M-L., Sharp Gwg., Kivelä S-L., A Krasner, E Carrasco, Ravi V. Shah, A Skytthe, P Roca, B O Boehm, Felicia Ranta, Ulrich Werner, A Shearer, D Hosaka, P Papadimitriou, C Dimosthenopoulos, L Farkas, K Short, S Futakuchi, Z Garamvölgyi, C Hohberg, B Heckmann, M S Fineman, H Akahori, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, K Hashimoto, Zhihui Zhong, S Shubeska Stratrova, G M Cvijovic, C Neumann-Haefelin, Amna Khamis, J D Betteridge, P Fratino, Itxaso Rica, L Tsutskiridze, S Nakajima, S N Koval, Paolo Brunetti, J Buithieu, A K Rasmussen, John P. New, V W Rahlfs, S Pellitero, Claude Bouchard, P D van Poelje, A Ghio, S Barcelo-Batllori, B Götz, Fernando Djs., Antonio E. Pontiroli, P Lim, M Eckhard, Norbert Stefan, L Alviggi, G A Thomson, S Bergmann, E De Amici, Elisa Pagnin, C Gatsiou, Markku Laakso, M. Massi Benedetti, Szabo, E R Trimble, H Konya, T Örn, G Valsamakis, J Zhang, S Mcintyre, H Yu, C Huang, Ken’ya Sakamoto, David A. Savage, Martin Whyte, S Vakkalanka, G C Webb, R. Reitano, D James, D Bradshaw, K G Parhofer, Napoleone Ferrara, P Boucek, Henry J. Dargie, V Artikis, R A Flett, Giovanni Anfossi, I S Simeonov, D J Drucker, A Chamson, Phillips Diw., Charlotte Malis, Bernd Schultes, M. I. Hawa, Shanta J. Persaud, S Geloneze, J Sponarova, S. Lahdenperä, Y Komatsu, B Capaldo, Wojciech Młynarski, D Brasacchio, G Allochis, H Takeda, W Doering, J Grimshaw, Ichiro Niki, D Degiannis, C Köder, Carla Iacobini, Norbert Hermanns, Voss, A Grimaldi, R. Wassmuth, L Bernardi, A. Crinò, T S Temelkova-Kurktschiev, C Nita, Michail Antsiferov, A Balini, Yoo H-J., Giovanna Oddi, A C Bossi, D. S. Harry, Á Vatay, Peter R. Flatt, M Fukumoto, Sebastio Perrini, Halfoun Vlc., R Helal, Donald C. Simonson, B L Shine, E Maltezos, J Ryskjær, H Bessho, Yoichiro Kamatani, M Veitenhansl, M Farnier, N Hole, M Abbasi, Cha B-Y., Gall M-A., M Bogatean, Amitha Gopinath, M Vettore, O Seda, V J Willey, Carl Johan Östgren, R M Parhimovich, Rennings Ajm., B G Kravitz, D Lipkin, Andrea Galgani, A Nakajima, Alvin C. Powers, J E Paiker, E Souhami, Per Hildebrandt, Charlotte Kragelund, C Lindloh, M Sasaki, Torben F. Ørntoft, Nilima Biswas, G Giani, J Lazarus, H U Janka, H Li, F Reeß, S Athanaselis, S Sankar, Carlos Hernández, A Tone, R Capani, E Biermann, C. N. Hales, Petersen Jla., M Federici, Torben Jørgensen, P Kurtzhals, Michael N. Weedon, Eva Lind Rasmussen, Rupert Beale, B Leiting, Per K. Christensen, R J Young, M J Wooddell, Guy P. Nason, Jean-François Martin, J A Ruggles, C De Natale, Renu A. Kowluru, Alexandra Schneider, M E Cerf, S Galande, V. Miselli, Romano Regazzi, I Gkioulmpasanis, D Voinovich, Susanne Ullrich, Zhao P-L., R Rabasa, W G Towers, D Cerrato, G A Nuttall, Halimi J-M., Marco Falasca, Antonio Zorzano, D Bottino, C J Mullany, Michael Alvarsson, Matthias Nauck, E Pankowska, S Bulgurlu, U Hoss, Eiji Kawasaki, Davide Lauro, Ha Kbn., Beauvieux M-C., Enzo Bonora, J Lane, H Mahtab, N. Klöting, D L Winter, Freyse E-J., G. Biemer-Daub, Cecilia Invitti, J Dabrowski, Laurence Ladrière, Catherine Born, A Hiukka, Y Inoue, M Cimmino, Y K Kim, Jeanette Kuhl, J Peiker, J Szánthó, B. Zierhut, P Blazicek, M Calbacho, L Marenah, M Zbinden, Y Nakasone, David R. Owens, P Ross, T Vilsbøll, A Šmahelová, E Boldrini, S Santos-Palacios, T Krarup, J Bonnet, Dorte Vistisen, R A Ritzel, Tsuguhito Ota, L Guja, B Chappuis, Nils Billestrup, A Grilli, Polly J. Bingley, Sabine Fischer, Kenneth Robertson, P M Bell, R Coll, Y Uchigata, A Glebocka, L Rizzo, Swangjit Suraamornkul, Egberts E-H., E Zapanti, K Oi, Hideichi Makino, N. Visalli, Häkkinen A-M., Uwe Voelker, Ian Lawrence, Marju Orho-Melander, Mary-Elizabeth Patti, K Herrmann, B Hultberg, Hoekstra Jbl., Nael Shaat, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, E Canbek, E Madarász, A Marsocci, N A Foxwell, P Sorichetti, Eva Aguilera, A Bronisz, J LaSalle, M Freeman, M S Kipnes, K Ažman-Juvan, Stefan R. Bornstein, Y Kainou, Francesca Porcellati, Bart Keymeulen, Y Takemura, Joanne Rasschaert, L Juurinen, M Broch, Paddison Cam., Jens Faber, M Sanges, R Swift, S D Luzio, T Kuchmerovska, J. De Schepper, Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, C. Herder, Peter Rossing, C L Frost, K Kaku, Zhiguang Zhou, Thomas C. Wascher, Song B-R., S Bai, M Vázquez, B. Van der Auwera, A Pavanini, Luisa Gilardini, K S Sunnerhagen, Claes B. Wollheim, S Shinn, Christian Dina, Yoichiro Iwakura, L Thomas, K C Lasseter, J Crook, V Kraft, C. J. Bailey, E Estimes, A Jiménez, Georgeanna J. Klingensmith, G Menzinger, C Rinsch, Anna Jonsson, Masakazu Kobayashi, A Goertz, K Papatheodorou, J. Lopes de Faria, C Karasu-Yilmaz, C H Hobbs, J Behjati, R Buckingham, A Patruno, A Heinrich, L. Kalbe, A Oglesby, Y Fujita, O Zacharopoulou, P Di Fulvio, G Poggi, J Jowett, W Isley, Susumu Suzuki, M Zamaklar, A M Carter, S. Efendic, Claude Knauf, Stephen B. Williams, Wu H-S., S de Kreutzenberg, Susanne Schwenke, A Coppelli, S Maxeiner, E Stridde, M Zurawska, J. H. Fuller, P Di Tomo, D Pisarczyk-Wiza, J Dudenhausen, Robert G. Nelson, Catherine Pihoker, M F Bullano, Tuomo Rankinen, J Wada, R A Greiner, L A Tchugunova, T Okada, M Bosevski, G Dentan, S Bruce, H Rittmeier, I Peovska, B Augendre-Ferrante, Zsolt Bosnyak, H van Wasen, Peter Almgren, Lut Overbergh, Bernard R. Landau, D Schumann, Frédérique Diraison, B Dietrich, Q Zhou, Alan D. Cherrington, Ottavio Giampietro, Margaret M Band, G Brandrup-Wogsen, R Eher, N Kim, Merlin C. Thomas, V Anand, K Szosland, B Gustafson, Aina S. Lihn, Mamputu J-C., Dosch H-M., G Paragh, Robert E. Ratner, C D Kim, A Heckel, Adrian J. Bone, V G Athyros, Léopold Fezeu, M A Denke, N Karlovich, M Morgutti, N Villela, Mathias D. Brendel, Peter Krippeit-Drews, Akira Matsutani, Gyula Tamás, Ole Schmitz, Chae S-H., J T Willerson, L Galuska, A Vanoli, G Habib, Giuseppe Remuzzi, R. R. Rizza, R. Sillard, S Longhitano, Hongliang Li, Y I Karachenzev, J Denne, M Grenningloh, J Hayes, B J Goldstein, S Erdmann, A Midtgaard, D F Giannakopoulou, Dick de Zeeuw, A. Holstein, J Brązert, M Zmudzinska, R E Davis, Felipe F. Casanueva, F Huet, Stephanie A. Amiel, Y Miyake, N Hiroi, Eberhard Standl, G Sebag, Caroline Kistorp, R Jaziri, Rita Basu, M Mertl-Roetzer, Flavia Franconi, U. Di Mario, M Brammer, U Langel, Meghan L. Marré, F Garcia, G H Thoresen, Ingrid Kockum, H Gin, L Sedova, Susanne Rudberg, Martin Prázný, Diana Rubin, I Kyrou, T. J. Wilkin, A D Kriketos, E M Egido, K. Sugimoto, Janssen Pgh., E Aktas, E Rylander, M Ramazashvili, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Mackay Djg., J Skupien, Yoshihisa Nakatani, I Karádi, Jurg Ott, H Makki, A J Ló, T B Bödvarsdóttir, Timo A. Lakka, J Nerup, Anders Rasmussen Rinnov, F Assimacopoulos-Jeannet, G Beretta Anguissola, F U Rodriguez, A Garcia-España, B Neve, P Curtis, M Boldrin, E Csongradi, M E Hossain, Jürgen Kasper, Concetta Suraci, Lex M. Bouter, Z Skrivanek, H Bischoff, H Yamazaki, Nicola Jackson, Irene M Stratton, D Vogelsang, E Baranyi, Andrei I. Oprescu, X Yan, L A Resnik, A Wajman, M J Sheetz, R T Ribeiro, K Oono, Angelika Thon, A H Boss, K U Wittrup-Jensen, Nanne Kleefstra, E. Ferrari, Thomas Strack, Häring H-U., R Chow, Gabriele Perriello, R Z Timar, R Giannarelli, Y Saito, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Peter Bergsten, D Raunig, A Rovira, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Z Melczer, L Gu, R Elli, C Chan, F N Wang, Carmine G. Fanelli, Thomas Illig, M Szabó, K Holtz-Neiderer, R Kominato, Nieves González, M Pfohl, D. P. Bataille, R Peter, Robert J. Heine, E Bacillo, S J Creely, D Bruttomesso, D Karagianni, I O Shymanskyy, Lüddeke H-J., D P Kurktschiev, H J Kim, K Nanjo, B R Lee, Valeriya Lyssenko, Y Hasegawa, P Langer, C Gemma, Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico, Dale S. Edgerton, C Romano, Sotirios A. Raptis, S Ishida, S Frantz, U Ott, D Simmons, Philippe Morel, P M George, E Müller, F Saleh, M. Grabert, John A. Todd, V Golozoubova, M Sikter, Carla Giordano, P K Awah, M Colding-Jorgensen, O Schoeffski, T Suda, A V Kulikovskaya, T. Lauritzen, Y Fujii, Philip G. McTernan, G V Donchenko, D P Hancock, G Renier, G Maclaine, Nita G. Forouhi, O Kolterman, S Nag, Bengt Vessby, J Genescà, D Moruzzo, P Dittrich, Aristidis Veves, M Sacco, Christopher Shaw, F Agrò, F Oana, I I Dedov, P Sergeev, A Sotiropoulos, L Moretti, Paolo Pinton, Nigel P. Jones, K Takemoto, Mary A. Cotter, Mauro Castellarin, N Roper, Peter Gæde, E Cerasi, T Hoffmann, D Gabellini, Ramzi A. Ajjan, Y Yu, Huh K-B., G I Kuntchevich, Kenichi Shikata, U Puch, Hirofumi Misu, P García, J Shen, S M Katzman, Marco Castagneto, H H Hundborg, E Kaszas, Choi M-H., R Battiato, H Shi, Y Oh, Adela Penesova, C Xipnitos, Julie C. Price, T Imamura, A M Tonkin, C Tang, A A Barros-Filho, N Chartrel, A Findlow, Z V Caparevic, Jukka Westerbacka, T Ishii, A R Vlad, O V Tuzova, M Y Gorshunska, Knut Borch-Johnsen, P Pizzocri, Bernt Lindahl, T M Wallace, H C Deng, Mikael Knip, M Shimodahira, Renato Lauro, F Zelaya, Giovanni Pacini, I Franzetti, E Karagiannis, L Wood, Wendy A. Davis, Karen J. Mcneil, M Scott, Mariella Sorcini, G Lasfargues, Philippe Froguel, Kjersti S. Rønningen, R Chotmongkol, G Zasadzinska, R Iakoubov, E Kiwanuka, M Arribas, M Schuler, K Pyörälä, H. de la Calle, Maciej Wideł, V Lowe, Ilaria Dicembrini, D H Beran, R Morikawa, K Satani, G Scarselli, Lea Bruhn Nielsen, Ahn Y-M., Aveni Haynes, Leslie Rdg., Basem M. Abdallah, K V Allen, Max Bulsara, Masataka Kusunoki, D L Duhamel, F Cipollone, Lee S-J., È Palik, A I Gladkich, T Sato, Yogish C. Kudva, L Gardete-Correia, Yoshinori Hinokio, Martin Rossmeisl, Lorena Amadio, G Gates, K Wittrup-Jensen, A Pfützner, E Tourel, V Moya-Suri, Y Imai, U Zeymer, A I Santos, J Mueller, M Lombardi, K Luz, Olga Kotova, Angela Scipioni, Bernard Portha, Reinhard G. Bretzel, Risa Ozaki, I A Katz, L Dakovska, Sampath Narayanan, T P Levchenko, M Lazarova, J Stock, D D Kim, J J Vendrell, Heikki O. Tikkanen, Ostenson C-G., Ronan Roussel, Hideaki Nakagawa, Gabriel I. Uwaifo, Paul D. Griffiths, Klaus Moeschel, Lee B-W., I Rojas, K. Staiger, Brendan T. Kinsley, J Gebel, Alessandra Bertolotto, Anthony Zagar, Domenico Accili, Richard H. Jones, A Mayorov, J M Morrell, S Soedamah-Mathu, R Obrenovic, T C Cavakcanti, J Łopatyński, Ottavia Porzio, A Barbera, R Piechatzek, Ewa Małecka-Panas, M M Mocanu, David W. Dunstan, A Y Tokmakova, Sei Hyun Baik, A De Bellis, D Kallend, D Melloul, C Rosak, S G Paule, Vicki Thallas, A Schrodter, P Roesen, G M Steil, Sabine E. Hofer, P Juretschke, D Zozulinska, Slavisa Ninkovic, V Pauvaday, D A Darko, Kim J-I., David R. Tomlinson, Fach E-M., A Papaefstathiou, L Gürtler, N Wiernsperger, J Simcox, L M Dickson, S Fujii, J Schwarz, Lars S. Rasmussen, M Trautmann, M Uzan, A Sato, Hans Günther Wahl, Tore Julsrud Berg, Kar Keung Cheng, C J Emery, M Lipsett, U Belz, Majlinda Lako, E M Gould, Rikke Due-Andersen, J N Mbanya, C Fiore, Takao Nakamura, Shield Jph., B Nadal, Lene Simonsen, Barry M. Brenner, D Fedak, J Chen, Laura E. Parton, Gao H-Y., John B. Buse, B Vialettes, M Y Guo, T Evers, Melanie J. Davies, Joan Soler, D Schmiegelt, Bárbara Angel, Hoe, B Parker, G Giovannitti, Ross Lawrenson, O Rigal, J Raastam, D S Kim, Björn Olde, Berggren P-O., Calum Sutherland, F Vittone, A Gauthey, A. M. Wagner, Paul Czernichow, Arturo Rosso, A Peter, J Hřebíček, V Martínek, B Jardin, A Fiorito, M V Trigo, S Bassan, N R Busciantella, C Turpini, G Seghieri, R Gelisio, K Nakanishi, D Pittasch, A Kamaratos, Irminger J-C., Monika Cahova, Y. Miyazaki, D V Coppini, Avierinos J-F., Erifili Hatziagelaki, S Schmauss, Richard G. Feltbower, Giancarlo Viberti, P G Steg, S Paulin, S M Marcovina, C. Marzari, Keld Fosgerau, S A Constantin, Adam Kretowski, K Yoshiuchi, K Cypryk, Geloneze, Jason L. Eriksen, Luis Garcia, L A Lavery, A Paroli, C A Ellery, M Morales de Teresa, Martin Ridderstråle, Riccardo C. Bonadonna, Solomon Tesfaye, N Gebeloglu, S Odenbach, A Baumgarten, Frank Schaper, K Dimitriou, F Costantino, O Basat, C A Mathis, V Lassmann-Vague, Kim D-J., J E Pessin, Shi Y-F., Michael Ristow, Kerstin Brismar, V Padilla, M Paganelli, Katinka Stoffels, A Caselli, R Cioni, G Nosso, C Conde, J Foley, M Tsuchiya, I Naumenkova, J M Pou, D Holmes, Richard J MacIsaac, M J Davies, G Jenkins, F Lavalle-Gonzalez, Daphne Owens, E Gibson, Richard E. Gilbert, Foster Avm., Sieradzki J, M W Davis, S Lahiry, James Mason, S Di Silvestre, Ken Walder, B Sporleder, B P Nixon, S Murao, Claus Thamer, V Kren, M A Buyukbese, B Burwinkel, M L Bigelow, C Bellin, P Mayr, J C Beer, Kim K-S., Willy Malaisse, A Ojeda, M Macugowska, A Varró, E Hammer, A R Baker, Alan W. Stitt, Rayaz A. Malik, H A Keizer, A Poscia, V Suri, K Kusterer, Allan D. Struthers, Martin J. Hessner, L A Anderson, Nigel Irwin, J S Christiansen, H V Schaff, D Hancock, L Nielsen, J J Mukherjee, M Essenpreis, C R Stephenson, D Betoulle, T Shibata, L Blonde, S O'Neil, T Hrachovinova, B Mirkiewicz-Sieradzka, G M Valorani, S Jahan, P Luzniak, Stephanie Halford, B Young, E Zabala, P Jousilahti, Hubert Vidal, P Kowey, G Hawthorne, A Zalewski, D Cokkinos, J Maroni, S Drewelow, Y Gao, Maria Paula Macedo, Wendy Dean, Janusz Blasiak, Delporte M-Ll., J Doupis, S Marcu, G Su, D Christakidis, Sabine Sewing, P Pánczél, H Matsumoto, K Rickenbach, A Calì, Giuseppe Derosa, A Linke, H Piperidou, Y Miura, B Kocher, D Nelson, Jo Y-Y., Päivi J. Miettinen, D Leontsini, M Prasek, A R Jones-Leone, H Ahn, R Alemzadeh, Yoshitomo Oka, Anna Solini, Fernanda Ortis, Neville Owen, Simona Cernea, Maciej Pawłowski, Sherry Martin, J L Selam, T Tulokas, K Lammi, Rolland J-F., Stephen Thomas, R.T. de Jongh, C Diehm, S Altimir, E. Manzato, W Szymczak, Michael Khan, S Lally, S Aycheh, I Stengele, Kim S-I., Zbigniew Szybiński, Carol Bower, Koichi Kato, I Evangelista, Eveline Eschwège, S Fujimoto, J Born, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, O Schnell, Y Zhang, C Jørgensen, Lorenzo Piemonti, P Pithova, M Shirai, B. Kilhovd, M Dzabic, A.D. Hughes, Denis Raccah, P Berto, K Nizheradze, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Thomas Nyström, J A Shu, J Ostman, E Cicconetti, Helen E. Thomas, Margareta Svensson, P Vautrin, Andreas Fritsche, Lawrence Rosenberg, K Stoschitzky, M Yamakoshi, B Pandey, Kazuaki Nagashima, N Pound, W Srikusalanukul, D D Sandeman, L Wu, M C Stapperfend, P Saxena, SE Jones, C Colombo, C Caccioppoli, A K Keenan, P Piatkiewicz, H Frobøse, H-Erich Wichmann, J Marquez, C A Maloney, F Stasini, Elena Matteucci, J Arezzo, M Dalfrà, Maria Aisporna, M Nastoll, M Germán, M Riddle, Munehide Matsuhisa, Alessandro Sartorio, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Lars Rydén, I Panagiotou, M Fisher, J P Yeo, M C Riddle, K Anthony, Patrizia Ippolita Patera, T Bobkiewicz-Kozłowska, A Gasiorowska, M Artwohl, Kim K-W., Lutz Heinemann, P V Voss, A Tsuchida, N Ueda, Huriya Beyan, Joachim Rosenbauer, M Sultana, N I Gorbenko, B B Rønn, J Bělobrádková, Michael Haap, J Després, K Cooper, C Tzioras, J Goodwin, J A Myers, Eriksson A-K., M Sahilli, H Sasaki, D Grassetti, S Nencioni, Suzuki J-Y., F Wang, Erica L. Fletcher, H Chen, P Augstein, W J Valentine, Burkhard Göke, Damien Jolley, K Raun, A Seftel, K Okumura, N Follak, A Risse, M Stolinski, Vineet M. Arora, L Vaur, Steven Patterson, T. Heise, Rossi Mce., L. Quarré, D Dorigo, K P Bouter, H Serghides, M. Matsuda, Astrup Av, R Cramb, S Chipchase, Andrzej Lewiński, R Wadwa, C Friedrich, S Giordanetti, Joan Vendrell, Souvik Das, D McGechie, E Locatelli, E Sossidou, D Li, Meinardi, G Thalhammer, Jay S. Skyler, C J Muller, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Susan M. Ring, Richard R. Rubin, S Pramming, Attila Brehm, D Klomp, C Plachot, E Santeusanio, F Roquet, A Naassan, B Pini, Patricia B. Carroll, Maura Pettiti, David S. Rowlands, Jandeleit-Dahm Kam., Timothy M. Frayling, A. K. Sjølie, A. de la Peña, M Franciosi, P A Torjesen, Jonathan C. Levy, S Caruso, B M Sreckovic, S Kim, L Arnaldi, H. B. Holt, M. Parkkonen, Francesco Dotta, M Diamant, H Hilden, A Manginas, N Tsokos, Davis, Barbara Leibiger, M Vaxillaire, V Deschamps, S Hernandez Campos, M Benchimol, Meftun Ahmed, S J Murdoch, Z V Zabarovskaya, Christine Waterman, T Werner, L Brunerova, D Coca-Robinot, D Pejkovic, Jesper Lau, Andreas Melidonis, R A Afonso, V Bronte, W Kotowa, C Broca, Orian S. Shirihai, Stehouwer Cda., Y Nishi, S Wanyonyi, R Fabregate, P A Khanam, S Nepal, Aimin Xu, Jan S. Ulbrecht, S M Ilic, H Hattori, A Panadero Moya, Pietro Castellino, Chiara Guglielmi, Masaru Sakurai, C Barrett, T Trüb, Christine Darwin, S Gross, Carmine Gazzaruso, J Coulaud, L Carbillon, Choi N-H., Anna C. Calkin, U Besenfelder, W Horn, K P Zak, S Nordman, L Zajdenverg, Y Sunaga, G A Spinas, P M Whitty, Kentaro Ohtoshi, Daniela Gasperikova, T Rinaldi, M R Nangle, Vincenzo Positano, C Lasseur, Paul Marsden, M Cinteza, Jeannet Lauenborg, M Párrizas, B Arslan, D Oakley, N S Mason, F Lauster, A B Lowenfels, A H van den Meiracker, M De Smet, P Politakis, Martin Tfj., M Watanabe, Gianna Toffolo, M Kimura, Sudhesh Kumar, A Petrov, G A Raciti, A. M. Umpleby, T Pervin, Maciej T. Małecki, E Tuomilehto-Wolf, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen, R Bonfante, R Gerona, L F Zang, T Sundsten, Mogens Kruhøffer, Johanne Tremblay, Naoto Katakami, L E Foster, Jorge Ferrer, D M Yellon, G Macdonell, T Appl, Levendal R-A., Arany Ejr., B Glisic, R Lestrade, M Dolci, F Pellegrini, K B Rooney, T Ishikawa, H Mayaudon, G Freckmann, V Asnaghi, N Rajkovic, Markus Tiedge, J Marniemi, Jian Peng, D Treacher, P. Z. Zimmet, V Jewhurst, H S Chaudhury, Magnus Møller, E Mathiesen, S Triscornia, Michael Stumvoll, Dirk Wedekind, T Todo, N Schifino, Jacek Kasznicki, C McHorney, Am Sironi, V Patel, N A Abdella, K Ohno, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, Rafn Benediktsson, K Sztefko, D Yin, Michael R. Christie, J Hill, Simi Ahmed, A Behar, Borys J-M., Don Johns, David G. Armstrong, B Hare, B Szepietowska, S Frojdo, B Meyer, H Hanaire-Broutin, R Reich, A T Ali, A A Dreval, A J Stears, Y Sui, V Mattoo, Wilding Jph., F Azizi, M A Heise, Dana Dabelea, Afshan Siddiq, A. P. Lambert, L Steen, Giuseppe Pugliese, Steen Andersen, F Salman, G Parnaud, Hahn J-U., R A Silvestre, B Idzior-Waluś, B Guy-Grand, Linda D. Voss, Peter G. Jones, E Konoue, G Mello, Vigdis Aas, Yoshifumi Suzuki, Allan Flyvbjerg, L Mogylnytska, J B Hansen, Finn Gustafsson, Jürgen Schrezenmeir, S Kondo, A Ruggiero, I Tarkun, Jan Kopecky, A Umehara, K J Wiefels, D Ogawa, M Austen, F Bataller, John Wahren, Birger Thorsteinsson, G. H. Tomkin, I Pogliaghi, Ahn C-W., M Ishizaki, I Peiró-Martinez, Webb D-L., Ketan Dhatariya, Akihisa Imagawa, Roberto Lupi, P Petit, F Fehse, Jason D. Cooper, Pfeiffer Afh., V Cunsolo, E E Agardh, R Nieuwland, F Ekram, Jensen Rbb., Jens Bülow, HU Häring, Quynh Ntt., D Kawamori, M Herná Alarcó, M Kolpe, Gianfranco Parati, N Labastie, U Mager, D Krenova, M Aragona, Wolffenbuttel Bhr., Pierre Maechler, B P Kovatchev, L Mordhorst, C Coghi, L Wassef, G Füst, Z M Lu, Ewan R. Pearson, D De Cesare, S V McLennan, K Mikoudi, Ali Naji, O Apostolou, A Roussin, J I San Pedro, L N Scherbacheva, A Baroni, McNamara Mrj., M Perez-Maraver, A P Shepelkevich, M Ehren, Alex Harper, C Merezak, M Morrissey, Leena Kinnunen, H Goto, P Maincent, Oluf Pedersen, R. R. Lyu, G Rizzo, V V Bogomolov, N Krasova, G M McGuire, Tina Parkner, A Timi, Johann Bauersachs, S Foussas, S A Schreiber, T Monauni, Schwarz Peh., Allenberg, J D Lee, S Dewan, Y G Zheng, D Carroll, E Sarti, C Wollheim, Anna Kaminski, C Menneila, P Bucher, Xu Jyu., Vincent Rigalleau, A Schöpfer, Hans Jörnvall, A Ben Drief, X Jeunemaitre, E Schuster, Chan Slf., S Bilgic, J Coverly, K Szafraniec, Stalenhoef Afh., H Bergert, David I. W. Phillips, J Maksimovic Pavlovic, Sergio E. Starkstein, E Chaim, T Lehmann-Lintz, P Salacone, Tim Armstrong, Ingrid Klöting, C M Frampton, Franco Cavalot, A.K.Azad Khan, H Rose, Marta Letizia Hribal, Jette Kolding Kristensen, H Gröbe, M Nishi, A Vanderplas, Howlett Hsc., L E Bowen, R Malik, A Wu, Charles C. Richardson, Y Li, P G McNally, Yoon K-H., A Baleydier, M J Murphy, P. M. Nilsson, U Lindblad, Sten Madsbad, T Bíró, Riitta Veijola, Charlotte Glümer, Assunta Pandolfi, Lydia Aguilar-Bryan, M Namba, C Franzen, S Lopatriello, David Russel Jones, S. Cellek, T Derezinski, Ronald P. Stolk, B Yermen, Marina Trento, Christine Feinle-Bisset, T S Futers, Ahn S-K., D Yue, R Nakamura, Shin Tsunekawa, Ortwin Naujok, Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova, Matthew Wintle, M P Guarino, Giovanni Camussi, B Persson, M Brahimi, Raffaella Buzzetti, H Hendrickx, H Schuster, Anthony J. Brookes, N K Hoa, A Ianni Palarchio, T Marte, N H Redemann, M Pufal, Roya Babaei-Jadidi, C Glüimer, Susanne J. Szabo, G Zuodar, Laura Calvillo, M Homering, K Stegner, L Min, Y Haider, S Evangelista, N Soydan, Y Yerushalmy, Z Karimi Anderesi, A Bernjak, Laine A-P., A E Udovichenko, Eva Corpeleijn, A Rieger, Tahseen A Chowdhury, D Schmid, Krystyna Matyka, O V Ivanova, G Ciampittiello, P Vague, I Schmoelzer, Groop P-H., J Weidenhammer, Luis Arnes, A Khoruzhenko, Jelena Skibova, W Jefferson, M Catala, J K Wilson, G Dunseath, A D Tselepis, S. Leotta, A. Sämann, R A Gerber, T Busila, P E Fraser, William J. Jeffcoate, J Pariès, K Huoponen, Anne Jörns, G Shanmugam, A Tsiavou, S Yoshida, Kim M-J., Annapaula Giulietti, S Paillasson, K Tsuchiya, Divyen K Shah, P Saar, S S Juarez, Stefanie Maxion-Bergemann, J Briody, V Schmitz, C M Pena, J Fernádez-Real, S Naruse, M Kalis, A P Klimenko, X H Chen, H.H. Lervang, G Bock, Mirja Tiikkainen, J Potockova, N Pekcanli, George Dragicevic, Timothy M. Rose, David C. Goff, H Komori, V Vasseur-Delannoy, S Hanley, P Hajos, C W Ahn, Matsuoka T-A., J Burns, Petar M. Seferovic, Yuki Kita, K Lyons, K Kohri, Eleftheria Zeggini, Y Ding, G Belcher, Steven V. Edelman, N Dinççaǧ, Christopher J. Rhodes, Manders Rjf., S Giveon, Dario Iafusco, L Li, M C Ribaudo, Kang S-K., Laurie J. Goodyear, L Martinez, C Vermigli, H Dabire, R Raymond, J de Haan, Christopher J. Groves, Å Norberg, H Jahr, M Gloster, Christopher D. Byrne, R Nagase, M Gorska, S Jinagouda, Marcin Baranowski, J M Bruun, L F Fan, Marco Bugliani, Ferdinando Nicoletti, S Born, T Milicic, C Haug, A Imbroinise, Rafael Carmena, G Gedulin, Benoit R. Gauthier, M Ptak, Schweitzer M-A., A Kayserilioǧlu, Rory J. McCrimmon, Ludmila Kazdova, D Pittrow, M Unal, L G Hunsicker, B Komsuoglu, E V Titovich, N L Petrova, M F Saad, T Lindström, D Koev, G Pigas, Pamela Phillips, Timo Otonkoski, S Kanhasura, Ignacio Conget, L Forga, B Rokeya, K Naraine, M Kuroda, F W Hanna, N Hancu, O E Voronko, A Urrutia, E Krusinova, K Stenlof, G. Philippou, W E Brady, Shlomo Sasson, I Cuccuru, S Welte, Md. Shahidul Islam, P Burian, S Creely, B Reinsen, Seema Garg, R Froguel, S Mathi, Myriam Nenquin, R S Crow, L Wogensen, J Brumberg, M Saito, E Hak, C Caravaggi, B Veldman, R E Gregg, A Swaminathan, S Allgauer, F Whitehouse, J Saban-Ruiz, S Rössner, A B Lewandowska, Toshinari Takamura, Elaine M. Dennison, Eugenia Carvalho, Rafael Simó, F Gigli, Chiasson J-L., H Weiss, E Jaeckel, T Krarup Hansen, F Bonnet, J Wu, L A Atramentova, F Murray, Flemming Pociot, A Arne, C. Valadas, F Boomsma, Marketa Sjögren, C Richart, Stefan Schreiber, M M Musri, M Dworacka, E Zakja, Peter Båvenholm, R Gelfand, Steven W. J. Lamberts, Temel Yilmaz, F Péan, K Rave, M Hirata, C Helbig, Y Kido, M Sumarac-Dumanovic, Emma Bingham, N Saadat, L Strindberg, R G Brodows, J Rihl, N C Unwin, Peter Watt, P. Van Rooy, Alexander V. Chibalin, M Michelini, Chantal Mathieu, Samy Hadjadj, W M Sallas, E Schroeder, E Woźniakiewicz, U Golbach, Jeong I-K., M Nam, M Thompson, E Berrone, Leena Ryysy, S Matsuno, G R Fulcher, Jan Schulze, Rachele Berria, Abdol-Reza Esteghamati, Claire Pentecost, D Begic, D Bailbé, J Seo, A Caduff, M Hompesch, E Nishimura, Soroku Yagihashi, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, A L Harte, M. E. Trujillo, Dreyfus J-F., G Golor, O Serri, George A. Werther, S Pahler, M Traversa, A. Jotic, I Seljeflot, Renata Krupa, K Irjala, M P Manns, V Sasseville, M R Yun, I Tauveron, Moira Harrison, C Müller-Brandes, Jan Škrha, L Javashvili, C Giusti, Jørgen Rungby, R M Segura, Oh Y-S., P Cavallo Perin, A Piazza, Fumihiko Sakakibara, F Caricato, K Manolopoulos, H. Aladdin, Elena Delgado, C Negut, R Hougaard, H Feldmeier, Francesca Cannata, B Mylari, C Kloos, Xia Li, A Turco, P Thieblot, J Lee, K Koczwara, Gan Huang, I M Briaud, L. Williams, J Ibáñez, Wing-Yee So, Joachim Størling, Kamadjeu Rkk., Sarah J. Bailey, J M González-Posada, M Brändie, M Adiseshiah, N Boschetti, K Tsukiyama, R Iwasa, Naoko Tajima, K K Seah, K Gorbenko, B Saha, Bettina Fischer, M Boronat, Y Kaneko, P K Jaiveer, T Østergård, S Pye, J Rosada, M Fazia, S Duran, Jonas Lindström, Muller Lma., Lee H-C., B Wilke, U Wohlrab, Y López, Philip Hougaard, H B Mortensen, G Riccardi, I Dedov, S Mauri, P G Matthews, D Holt, C Schöfl, N D Hancu, P Tong, Frank Döring, Michael Edmonds, Krystyna Wyka, R Citarrella, M J Mohler, Fabio Vistoli, J Gabaldon, T Gambling, T Barnera, Patrick Gilon, F Hadj Brahim, T M Kuchmerovska, Joachim Spranger, G Collier, Małgorzata Szelachowska, V Hwa, J Herwig, Asish K. Saha, Antje Wienbergen, P Merkouris, V R Driver, G Pellegrini, C Tusek, D Kuhl, J Salvador-Rodríguez, A Rivero, Af Björkesten C-G., L P Aiello, Ángela M. Valverde, A. Sola-Gazagnes, M Lenz, N Duffy, T. Charniauskaya, H Vavrinkova, B B Dokken, N García-Hernandez, M. C. Matteoli, W Neuhuber, B Gutt, Haiyan Wang, C De Tullio, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Susan E. Ozanne, A El-Ouaghlidi, R A Blacken, P K Marsden, S Saragoni, E Fernández, P Thams, Yukio Tanizawa, Cora Weigert, A Bajo-Martinez, A Icks, Yu Liu, Jan Erik Henriksen, J Lupón, C Chrysohoou, C Y Pan, M Enslen, Carsten F. Gotfredsen, S Paxian, C Sert, B Lescrauwaet, Nikolaos Karachalias, Harald Staiger, Soon Dkw., S Mandica, Arild C. Rustan, T Kokko, Luigi Gnudi, L Mantione, Y Mitchel, K Takebayashi, K Lindström, A Akhter, I Calota, Z A Leshchenko, R Henry, E Hagström-Toft, J A Sloniger, C Gredal, Palmer Cna., C Remade, Marion Marchand, S Liew, F Oriente, R Roesen, Ekaterine Bakhtadze, J Bodalski, Věra Lánská, U Baicchi, Terezie Pelikanova, Aniko Varadi, Trudy J. Smith, R Vettermann, Daniel Pipeleers, Becker Rha., S Speier, Saeger H-D., A Tedeschi, Peter J. Grant, W A Scherbaum, R Scardapane, C Arntz, L J Kerr-Bayles, V Poltorack, Sol E-R., G Deniz, Kasper Rossing, Scott J. Jacober, D Lucchesi, Kees J. Gorter, Shin J-S., F Bifari, Ravi Retnakaran, P C Tsiotra, Anna Möllsten, K Mironczuk, A Erdei, Gerry Melino, S G Kauschke, E Stenninger, A Morsanutto, Carmen Fajardo, A. Khan, M S Rasmussen, A Villena, C Ilic, G Gruden, S Uhles, M I Freed, I K Temple, Marco Giorgio, Z Radikova, M Lou, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Sorin Ioacara, Patrick A. Ott, Christine Longuet, E Baldassari, Ian Chapman, Cristian Guja, S Seber, K Lundin, Juretschke H-P., A Kanatsuka, Schumicki D-M., Boris Mankovsky, E Liva, Johan Wadén, G Steil, P Chauveau, K Schafer, V Borzì, A S Andersen, D P Mikhailidis, L Groop, Hans J. Arnqvist, M Salvadorini, H. J. Bodansky, Johnny Ludvigsson, A De Paoli, A de Prado, P Olesen, P Syrovatka, V V Klimontov, E Rodriguez, Arthur S. Leon, Alberti Gkm., A Opel, S Kokkoris, S B Hong, Philippe Courtois, L Haque, Maria Sörhede Winzell, M C Beauvois, A Szypowska, D Yu, M Gutniak, D Petzinna, B Isomaa, K S Prickett, Maria Felice Brizzi, Pavel Hamet, P J Hammond, K. F. Michelmore, Yumie Takeshita, N Hariharan, Corrado M. Cilio, G Pogatsa, W G Jerome, E Bartley, K Schlembacher, G Blohmó, Guy A. Rutter, Kyung Mook Choi, S. C Tamer, Felix K. Assah, K A Jandeleit-Dahm, M Chan, H Darius, Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, A Papazisi, M Amaya, A Knopff, M Tadayyon, I J Kim, W Russ, T Myrnäs, M. Tryon, S Poonsatha, Noel Cameron, Kim M-H., Alejandra Tomas, F Homo-Dekarche, G. Di Cianni, M Stotzka, C Solimine, Mikhail Borisovich Antsiferov, H Naserke, M Bianchi-Biscay, J I Lara, Moon C-K., Alain Ktorza, Alison N. Jeffery, V Lilla, Eun Seok Kang, Hanley Ajg., J Widder, R Ratner, C Goretti, P J Weston, J Perkins, V Rasmussen, M Evans, T M Gibson, A Jaffe, S I Chisalita, C Owman, L Hiltunen, E Kakishita, C M Mack, H C Potter, M Femerling, M Desai, M Soinio, K Yang, Patricia L. Brubaker, M Meyer, V Dy, J Berden, R Komers, Milos Adamec, R Petzoldt, Alan G. Robinson, R Stevens, A Doi, A Leunda, Eduard Montanya, Alessandra K Cardozo, N Kraenkel, Claudio Cobelli, U A Mueller, S Yamashiro, B R Gedulin, G Francisco, J Dennenmoser, Lesch K-P., Martin G. Bischof, M Ichita, C Fernandes, Jochen Hampe, S Kern, D Kelly, E Zeender, P Perna, J D Best, A C Calkin, Vivian Fonseca, J Prestle, D G Parkes, Satish K. Garg, T Burrell, B M Fischer, D Kruger, J S Skinner, Lin T-M., Jozef Ukropec, Maria Jeziorska, K Arii, David D. D’Alessio, M B Gomes, L Quandt, I Fragaki, M C Brindisi, A Gladkih, E Kitsou, S Di Cola, T Iwasaki, Peter Diem, T Lakka, V V Popova, G Lee, Hannah J. Welters, K Bonomo, Gavin Kelsey, Y Yerushalmi, A. H. Barnett, H. von Boehmer, K Blomberg, B Haag, M C Preiti, V Sanchez-Margalet, Fowelin Jhr., Y Bernard, M Chalkiadaki, E Grandi, R M Gow, V Schippmann, E. A. M. Gale, R Schiel, R Iwai, O Olari, A Braun, D Koziarska, Bernhard Ludvik, Lee H-W., W P Battisti, N Oliver, M Pankop, H Vertigan, M Pibernik-Okanovic, D Gianneli, J Oh, R Giorgino, M Ballmann, Olle Korsgren, M Pantaleoni, S Zavarella, Göran Sundkvist, Hans Stenlund, Harleah G. Buck, David J. Glass, Morrissey, I Uchimura, M Pugniere, R E Warren, M Mikkola, Baradez M-O., M Weck, C Häuser, D Šrámková, D Voelkel, R Prager, Y L He, M Cornes, O K Vikulova, E Evdemon, Peter R. Cavanagh, Allen Taylor, M Balabolkin, G Schreier, E Stern, J Lips, V Serban, G Sparacino, Roser Casamitjana, Aine McKillop, I Groza, E Bernal, Kathleen M Gillespie, T Ledet, A Garzaniti, F Hawkins, K M Tushaus, C Renaudin, Christina Maier, A Dormi, A Ubertalli, Inge Tetens, M Ostojic, E Pierre-Justin, A Bhushan, E Ur, L I Jeltova, Tilo Moede, E Tibiriça, Zoran Gucev, Knoch K-P., G Pizzolanti, A M Şengül, T P Degenhardt, Cristina Lencioni, M Fitchet, E Santini, E Devangelio, C Panaite, Y I Karachentsev, S B Solerte, Christos Manes, M Lipka, C H Teng, P Mrak, G Fegan, R C Milton, M Negrean, Astrid Plamboeck, L Patti, M Houk, Ritva Kauppinen-Mäkelin, Christoph F Ebenbichler, O Sysoyeva, Frantisek Saudek, H Wysocki, Robert A. Rizza, J Altirriba, Bjørn Richelsen, L. Lam, Rémy Burcelin, A Antsaklis, G Galimberti, R. de Vries, A Lewin, Marcia A. Testa, Lee B-C., M Krauth, A Fonollosa, Marco Cappa, L Rieger, Edoardo Mannucci, André Herchuelz, H Corominola, I Gangat, G Rábago, S Dalla Noce, L Kunselman, J Diehl, M Nattrass, M Kaiser, R Kawamori, E Istoc, Á Pintér, D G Maggs, T Aoki, Csaba Szabó, B Oguzhan, Roberto Ferrari, D M Schumann, Yang Y-W., Hideaki Kaneto, Q Chai, E Blase, Katarzyna Wozniak, D Quijada, George Dailey, U Stier, M Skowronski, Thierry Berney, Adria Giacca, M Askenas, C Tikellis, T Zima, M Lufuma, P T Sawicki, M Dundua, Y Kitahara, M Winter, Janet Lutale, David E. Kelley, Alicia Acitores, Erion, Matthias Möhlig, S Dalal, Birgit Rami, Monster Tbm., Michael Horowitz, L A Leiter, Neil B. Ruderman, David R. Hadden, Mark Walker, I Garai, Michel Polak, A Somogyi, C G Walker, Claes-Göran Östenson, Ou H-C., Thomas Haak, G Kouri, W Pusch, J Fabrin, Robyn J. Tapp, E Zander, B Todorova, Peter Damm, Mine Yilmaz, Michel Pinget, Aila Rissanen, K Leppert, Darren J. Kelly, R B Zaid, A Bohbot, U Fennenkötter, Margot Umpleby, H Rodriguez-Rosas, R. Edwards, J Boavida, S Micheletti, E Bouskela, J Kreuder, N Mizutani, Pardo Icg., R Haberl, S Georgia, D Choi, Monika Lechleitner, R Guerrero, C G Bala, S Y Kim, R Oates, C Miele, E Witthaus, T Sakai, Albert Lecube, Anne Sofie Astrup, Teppo A-M., Margareta Norberg, G Dakovska, I Spanopoulos, P. Djordjevic, Nikolai Petrovsky, J M Fernández-Real, NanWei Tnw., Bilo Hjg., D L Lawlor, E J Henriksen, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, A McDougall, L Wong, M G Choi, Connie S Karschimkus, M Zaramella, M Gallo, I. G. Lawrence, Viswanathan Mohan, L Valera, H V Silveira, C Pitsavos, Kasper Hermansen, Cloos Pac., K F Hanssen, Samuel W. Cushman, Juergen Eckel, R E Hamman, N Scheffler, C Lengyel, D Bakri, M Fukuda, P Rossetti, A Heerschap, Barbara A. Fielding, Choi Y-H., M Massi-Benedetti, Mykola Khalangot, F. Campi, W A Al Dahi, G Hu, Q Dang, J Ruzickova, A Lifshitz, L M Scheek, A Penfornis, S.C. Campbell, T S Filters, A T Shearer, A Morosanu, M Yngen, K Dezaki, C Damgé, Robert B. Wallace, Neil Portwood, M Henricsson, M Yazawa, J Yantha, G Tepohl, Christopher S. Wendel, Oliveira Jep., R Tracy, M Schindler, M Nabli, H Hosoda, Linda Boselli, B Kunselman, Mentink Cja., L Waselle, P Šamalíková, J Kirchheiner, S Sejil, D Beebe, James D. Otvos, J. J. Holst, J. B. Lopes de Faria, Marian Rewers, Kenneth Cusi, Geng Y-J., F Esfahanian, Francesco Giorgino, D. Freedenberg, R De Caterina, J Seufert, M N Kerstens, W Sturm, M Fujiyama, Konstantinos Makrilakis, A Novials, Lars Berglund, P Strange, W Shim, Clive J. Petry, Michelle M Jack, A E Panteleon, S Wiltshire, G Radulian, C Leperlier, N Téllez, O Sekine, M Karlén, Noël C. Barengo, Qing Qiao, Christian Benedict, C H Saely, M Yoneda, C Gonzalez-Villalpando, Sara Giunti, W Roth, S Wein, E Com, Martin J. Stevens, Giovanni Ghirlanda, Darin Acosta, J Hokanson, M Hauschild, L. A. Powell, Vondra K, Haering H-U., F Afifiyan, K Bendtzen, D M Todd, Marc Y. Donath, Arleta Rewers, Francesco Prisco, R Maeda, A B Kanstrup, M Prats, Y Toledano, Timothy W. Jones, Simon C. Potter, Per Løgstrup Poulsen, M Ligueros-Saylan, Mark L. Evans, Jarl S Torgerson, G Zerbini, L A Ivanova, E Ohmura, C. Kupich, K. Yasuda, J Leprince, A Alaveras, R Ruetter, Kevin C.R. Baynes, Harald Sourij, Y Aramaki, du Prel J-B., Józef Drzewoski, van den Ouweland Jmw., Jochen Seissler, Iain D. Wilkinson, Irina A. Bondar, Y R Yu, S Miclea, S Galatius, T. Havrdova, L Montoya, M Zeller, G C Jones, R B Amazonas, T K Guseva, A Davidescu, Stavros Bousboulas, A. Sandbaek, C Ito, H Taniguchi, M L Simoons, Lars Weinehall, H. Boeing, M A Tambascia, R Grempler, C Speed, A M Mkrtum'yan, A A Darekar, K Hu, Firth Rgr., I Östlund, S Kawazu, P Chitson, B Perry, Joel Dunn, D G Rouiller, K Wagner, Oleg Dyachok, Algis J. Vingrys, S Habu, Mariella Trovati, H Sobajima, Pierre Lecomte, Kim T-H., D Virsaladze, M Oprean, F Pullen, A Rußmann, G J Bruining, Martina Düfer, Wen Xu, Min Y-K., Norman E Cameron, Gianfranco Pagano, K Harley, M Su, J P Le Berre, Sian Ellard, S Howard, D Russell-Jones, Z Li, S Carpenter, E L Thomas, W Tang, Lee M-S., N Ubrich, M. M. McMahon, G Vassilikos, N Brossa, M S Joergensen, S Smith, A Vania, Y Laurent, S Basir, A Freudenthaler, Sally M. Marshall, D Niedermayer, V I Pankiv, J Mentel, S Pruna, J M Pou Torelló, Y Ito, G Chrysos, Werner Kramer, Hironori Yamasaki, L Bowman, F Palumbo, P Ruth, G Lankas, Z H Liao, D Park, W Otter, C Montrone, Sevasti Zervou, Jennifer L. Wilkinson-Berka, Bo Feldt-Rasmussen, I Banu, Paolo Sbraccia, Bani Mukhopadhyay, Mark E. Cooper, M Kidron, Pål R. Njølstad, A M Jonsdottir, M R Burge, G Valpiani, Yutaka Oiso, David J. Hill, T Koch, J Park, A J Plaschke, M P Pye, A Totonelli, S Caronna, B Cremonesi, C Müller, K Tarhzaoui, Valentina Marchetti, M Rodier, Moshe Hod, C N Dang, Trevor A. Howlett, S J Thomas, C Penny, A. de Leiva, Gerald Vervoort, Ghislaine Fontés, Agnieszka Szadkowska, I Al-Zakwani, A Manari, M Eigenthaler, A. Björklund, K Nabe, Mohammad Abdur Rashid, Philips J-C., K Rebrin, Stefan Müller, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, A A Papageorgiou, L Franco, Paul Hjemdahl, Martine Laville, Flemming S Nielsen, A I Vinik, P Perelli Cippo, Mikael Lehtihet, M Zairis, H Takahashi, M Pietryga, M Kameyama, Jens Knudsen, W W Lautt, Z Rušavý, G Milic, E Pedersen, U Krause, B Balletshofer, J Reviriego, A Scatena, H C Chen, V Gottschall, Alberto Piaggesi, J Gebbie, Maurizio Galderisi, K Nikkiä, A Blayo, D S Fosmark, DL Eizirik, K Busch, Francesco Beguinot, F Capani, A Carrillo, L Nährlich, Thomas Høi-Hansen, Bernard Charbonnel, Edith Schober, Ananda Basu, Deborah J. Smyth, Gerd Plewe, S Vahsen, Claire Levy-Marchal, B S Hansen, V Holtman, S Roche, C Whiteside, A E Fowler, K Helleberg, M Gerl, G Jerums, L Menditto, G Dell'Antonio, A Miles, E Kahan, M Kaibara, V A Serhiyenko, Cees J. Tack, M Shamkhalova, T Linn, R. Koznarova, O Oliyarnyk, Regine Bergholdt, Margaret C. Cam, Matthew Knuiman, U Guiducci, Joanne E. Curran, V Qvisth, F Horkay, Brun J-M., J Jurado, Markku Saraheimo, S Kaltenbach, D D Yin, E Mukai, M Schlosser, Kilbane, K Kølendorf, Hsu Y-J., Steen Gammeltoft, M S Mizel, U Müller, J Bothner, H C Schønheyder, M Ho, I B Bauche, A Etemadi, R F Urdaneta, A Kocijančič, Kim K-R., P E Carey, Olov Rolandsson, S Bochnig, Takahisa Hirose, Baldomero González, Banga J-D., S Vol, R P Hill, F Velazquez, Kathryn Mitchell, S Bott, Z Ma, Richard E Gilbert, D. Mills, A K Gosby, Alison M. Thomas, D Alexander, W Tanaka, Klaus Badenhoop, N D Thuan, B Otto, Gisela Drews, Rui Duarte, S Cantaro, Boulton Ajm., Hélène Hanaire, A Gorski, L Prieto-Sanchez, M Shestakova, Xiaoning Fan, M Higa, J Gurushankar, T Kunitou, D D Trifunovic-Zamaklar, J Nourooz-Zadeh, T F Ørntoft, G Doronzo, P Levéen, B Geloneze, C Fotino, D W Quinn, A Wojciechowska-Luźniak, G Mazzilli, Kook Hwan Kim, M Kaplar, L Dzneladze, Gregory J. Cooney, M Stahlhut, Frances L. Game, E J Bastyr, R Hiles, S. Mariz, T R Pieber, Howlett Hcs., J H Wilmore, Cha B-S., J M Brown, C Laue, Fiona M. Gribble, Susan E. Manley, D L Linemeyer, S G Ashwell, R Sabbah, Hisamitsu Ishihara, N Tronko, M Pohl, H Tindali, Lam Ksl., K Vollmer, I Nagaev, F. Gras, M Corfini, D Lyngsø, A M Sanigorski, Aldo Galluzzo, Alessandro Roberto Dodesini, E Shishko, H Moustgaard, S Piquer, O Tenberken, Ingrid Mühlhauser, A Sturk, Dianne L. Wingate, C Albala, Marie Degerblad, A Kubaszek, Gary W. Cline, J F Markman, J Louw, Y A Redkin, J E Shaw, Gaetano M. De Ferrari, R M Budzinski, I A Snegurakaya, P Kühnen, D Mustapic, Bo Ahrén, C Laflor, Eva Fisher, A Semplicini, C Pandolfo, Myriam Khaldi, K Mattila, Stella Pelengaris, Olga Kordonouri, M Nagao, P I Mansell, K Rduch, R Fahey, R Filipczak, M Suetsugu, J C Vitoria, J Baumert, J Stewart, R S Bonser, Jean Tichet, Christer Andersson, A Şengül, McCuaig, Zorenc Ahg., Xiuqing Guo, H Jordan, K Bieback, Daniela Dietze-Schroeder, J Shin, S Ohga, J Lademann, K C Turner, I V Shutichina, M. Shamkhalova, K Rowley, Rosario Rizzuto, Saraheimo, G. da Silva Xavier, Doss W. Neal, K Akram, H Virtamo, E Dios, K Begum, A Pfuetzner, Tsvetalina Tankova, S Katayama, Christoph Otto, Philip J. Barter, K Zitouni, R Madonna, S Söderberg, S Diaz-Troya, Leszek Czupryniak, S Dietz, P Luźniak, K S Nair, Mark A. Myers, L L Want, S Shaikh, Wolfgang Rathmann, E Wozniakiewicz, L Jönsson, Pernille Poulsen, D F Orr, A B Hauber, F Kelly, Carlo Maria Rotella, J V Costa, Elaine Vieira, E Grodzinsky, Lilianna Majkowska, E Draeger, S Näf, Philip Clarke, S Akter, A Bagust, A Vassibosis, E Lourida, P Chase, G Mardarowicz, Carlo Ricci, A Ugalde-Canitrot, A Wutte, R Streicher, P Ebeling, Taishan Zheng, Marcus Korn, K Summers, Lennarth Nyström, Y Kaburagi, T Furuta, S Freeman, D Skoutas, A A Serhiyenko, K Tryfinopoulou, I. P. Gray, Peter Bjerregaard, R H Elder, M Hosokawa, Marcela Brissova, Kent D. Taylor, R. Da Ros, Carolyn F. Deacon, Andrew D. Morris, N Aydin, Alicia J. Jenkins, L M Serhiyenko, M Sjöstrand, M A Sayeed, A Ardelean, Rolf Holle, I Broom, Giuseppina Imperatore, Massimo Federici, W Sajid, C Bradley, C V Phenekos, W Leonhardt, L Bahia, Veitenhansl, M, Stegner, K, Hierl, F, Dieterle, C, Feldmeier, H, Gutt, B, Landgraf, R, Garrow, A, Vileikyte, L, Findlow, A, Waterman, C, Boulton, A, Shankhdhar, K, Shankhdhar, L, Shankhdhar, U, Petrova, N, Foster, A, Edmonds, M, Ferraresi, R, Caravaggi, C, De Giglio, R, Cavaiani, P, Pogliaghi, I, Sommariva, E, Katz, I, Harlan, A, Miranda palma, B, Prieto sanchez, L, Armstrong, D, Bowker, J, Mizel, M, Cernea, S, Wohlgelernter, J, Kidron, M, Modi, P, Raz, I, Arbit, E, Nosek, L, Kapitza, C, Beckett, P, Gelfand, R, Goldberg, M, Heise, T, Testa, M, Turner, R, Hayes, J, Scranton, R, Simonson, D, Yang, Y, Hsu, Y, Naujok, O, Francini, F, Jörns, A, Tiedge, M, Lenzen, S, Abdel wahab, Y, Marenah, L, Orr, D, Shaw, C, Flatt, P, Chokkalingam, K, Mansell, P, Clausen, P, Ekbom, P, Damm, P, Feldt rasmussen, U, Nielsen, B, Mathiesen, E, Feldt rasmussen, B, Dewan, S, Da Silva, N, Ternan, P, Leong, K, Wilding, J, Asatiani, N, Kurashvili, R, Dundua, M, Shelestova, E, Pagava, K, Ramazashvili, M, Hod, M, Smirnov, S, Petersen, J, Justesen, T, Ringholm Nielsen, L, Müller, C, Højlund, K, Wensaas, A, Kase, E, Aas, V, Rustan, A, Thoresen, G, Levin, K, Beck nielsen, H, Gaster, M, Im, S, Kang, S, Kim, S, Ahn, Y, Lihn, A, Schmoll, D, Werner, T, Kienitz, A, Meyer, M, Barthel, A, Ailett, F, Sutherland, C, Walther, R, Grempler, R, Sasson, S, Reich, R, Tenenbaum, T, Alpert, E, Anfossi, G, Russo, I, Traversa, M, Massucco, P, Mattiello, L, Doronzo, G, Trovati, M, Lally, S, Tan, C, Owens, D, Tomkin, G, Porchay, I, Péan, F, Bellili, N, Betoulle, D, Balkau, B, Tichet, J, Marre, M, Fumeron, F, Chatellier, G, Alhenc gelas, F, Nichols, G, Brown, J, Hayes, R, Bowman, L, Drexel, H, Saely, C, Marte, T, Benzer, W, Langer, P, Hoefle, G, Moll, W, Aczel, S, Karagiannis, E, Lübben, G, Urquhart, R, Edwards, G, Bruce, S, Howlett, H, Cugnardey, N, Turner, K, Park, J, Fiedorek, F, Avogaro, A, Gallo, A, Pinton, P, Rizzuto, R, Murphy, E, Ceolotto, G, Caterson, I, Guy grand, B, Hill, J, Barone, M, Aiello, A, Allochis, G, Borzì, V, Cannatà, F, Caronna, S, D'Avanzo, A, Elli, R, Formoso, G, Paroli, A, Scardapane, R, Sorichetti, P, Tatti, P, Viviani, G, Santeusanio, F, Manzella, D, Grella, R, Abbatecola, A, Paolisso, G, Søndergaard, L, Monster, T, Johnsen, S, Olsen, M, Mclaughlin, J, Sørensen, H, Lervang, H, Rungby, J, Lyssenko, V, Fredriksson, J, Almgren, P, Anevski, D, Orho melander, M, Sjögren, M, Tuomi, T, Groop, L, Jaziri, R, Aubert, R, Tuomilehto, J, Hu, G, Jousilahti, P, Peltonen, M, Lindstrom, J, Laina, A, Alevizaki, M, Philippou, G, Souvatzoglou, A, Anastasiou, E, Alba, S, Metcalf, B, Voss, L, Jeffery, A, Wilkin, T, Glüimer, C, Colagiuri, S, Vistisen, D, Borch johnsen, K, Haynes, A, Bower, C, Bulsara, M, Jones, T, Davis, E, Mortensen, H, Hougaard, P, Holl, R, Swift, P, Pociot, F, Knip, M, Hansen, L, Szadkowska, A, Pietrzak, I, Zmysłowska, A, Wyka, K, Bodalski, J, Swift, R, Hougaard, R, Gerstl, E, Engelsberger, I, Rabl, W, Rosenbauer, J, Gröbe, H, Hofer, S, Krause, U, Dabelea, D, Morgan, T, Pettitt, D, Dolan, L, Mayer davis, E, Pihoker, C, Hillier, T, Imperatore, G, Ruggiero, A, Hamman, R, Stylianou, A, Tentolouris, N, Perrea, D, Tselepis, A, Lourida, E, Kitsou, E, Katsilambros, N, Vedovato, M, Dodesini, A, Lepore, G, Tiengo, A, Trevisan, R, Penno, G, Miccoli, R, Pucci, L, Lucchesi, D, Bandinelli, S, Fotino, C, Triscornia, S, Baldassari, E, Del Prato, S, Reboldi, P, Santeusanio, E, Fuller, J, Langham, R, Gow, R, Zhang, Y, Kelly, D, Christensen, P, Parving, H, Gilbert, R, Chibalin, A, Zhong, Z, Kotova, O, Davidescu, A, Ehrén, I, Ekberg, K, Wahren, J, Wassef, L, Buckley, A, Rooney, K, Briody, J, Thompson, M, Ozanne, S, Thompson, C, Chamson reig, A, Summers, K, Arany, E, Hill, D, Solerte, S, Gazzaruso, C, Locatelli, E, Precerutti, S, Schifino, N, Ferrari, E, Fioravanti, M, Phenekos, C, Ginis, A, Fragaki, I, Chalkiadaki, M, Tzioras, C, Powell, L, Mcguire, G, Jewhurst, V, Trimble, E, Rasmussen, B, Vessby, B, Uusitupa, M, Berglund, L, Pedersen, E, Riccardi, G, Rivellese, A, Tapsell, L, Hermansen, K, Da Silva Xavier, G, Rutter, J, Rutter, G, Briaud, I, Lingohr, M, Dickson, L, Mccuaig, J, Lawrence, J, Rhodes, C, Wikstrom, J, Katzman, S, Shirihai, O, Yang, J, Deng, S, Wang, X, Hessner, M, Wu, J, Wong, R, Sukumvanich, S, Markman, J, Naji, A, Wolf, B, Gao, Z, Rubi, B, Del Arco, A, Satrústegui, J, Maechler, P, Del Guerra, S, Lupi, R, Bugliani, M, Sbrana, S, Torri, S, Boggi, U, Vistoli, F, Mosca, F, Marchetti, P, Rennings, A, Smits, P, Stewart, M, Tack, C, Li, L, Nyström, T, Gutniak, M, Ahrén, B, Holst, J, Sjöholm, Å, Gomes, M, Cailleaux, S, Tibiriça, E, Albertini, J, Chen, H, Mather, R, Valensi, P, Chisalita, S, Arnqvist, H, Kraenkel, N, Adams, V, Linke, A, Gielen, S, Schuler, G, Humbrecht, R, Cipollone, F, Iezzi, A, Fazia, M, Pini, B, Cucurullo, C, De Cesare, D, Schmidt, A, Mazurek, T, Zang, L, Mannion, J, Diehl, J, Martin, J, Martella, A, Zalewski, A, Shi, Y, Otter, W, Winter, M, Doering, W, Standi, E, Schnell, O, Kragelund, C, Køber, L, Faber, J, Hildebrandt, P, Steffensen, R, Pankowska, E, Szypowska, A, Lipka, M, Herwig, J, Scholl schilling, G, Böhles, H, Robertson, K, Schönle, E, Gucev, Z, Mordhorst, L, Tamer, S, Gall, M, Ludvigsson, J, Hoogma, R, Hammond, P, Gomis, R, Kerr, D, Bruttomesso, D, Bouter, P, Wiefels, K, De La Calle, H, Schweitzer, D, Pfohl, M, Torlone, E, Krinelke, L, Conget, I, Storms, F, Rodriguez, J, Leperlier, C, Davies, M, Peter, R, Luzio, S, Dunseath, G, Miles, A, Hare, B, Backx, K, Pauvaday, V, Caselli, A, Marfia, G, Battista, C, Veves, A, Spallone, V, Uccioli, L, Gonzalez, J, Peyrot, M, Rubin, R, Leventhal, H, Scheffler, N, Ulbrecht, J, Cavanagh, P, Perrin, N, Oglesby, A, Bastyr, E, Ziegler, D, Siekierka kleiser, E, Meyer, B, Schweers, M, Selvarajah, D, Wilkinson, I, Emery, C, Shaw, P, Griffiths, P, Tesfaye, S, Obrosova, I, Arezzo, J, Phillips, K, Gribble, F, Williams, L, Reimann, F, Iakoubov, R, Whiteside, C, Brubaker, P, Acitores, A, González, N, Sancho, V, Valverde, I, Villanueva peñacarrillo, M, Martín duce, A, Trigo, M, Arnés, L, Burkart, V, Ichino, N, Ohashi, A, Klein, B, Paxian, S, Schmid, R, Karlsen, A, Heding, P, Frobøse, H, Rønn, S, Kruhøffer, M, Ørntoft, T, Nerup, J, Mandrup poulsen, T, Billestrup, N, Cardozo, A, Ortis, F, Feng, Y, Rasschaert, J, Van Eylen, F, Storling, J, Herchuelz, A, Eizirik, D, Wang, H, Kouri, G, Wollheim, C, Ribaux, P, Hammar, E, Parnaud, G, Rouiller, D, Bosco, D, Halban, P, Midthjell, K, Carlsson, S, Grill, V, Lau, C, Færch, K, Glümer, C, Tetens, I, Jørgensen, T, Tillin, T, Forouhi, N, Mckeigue, P, Chaturvedi, N, Zethelius, B, Hales, C, Berne, C, Coleman, R, Stevens, R, Holman, R, Christensen, J, Sandbæk, A, Lauritzen, T, Irwin, N, Gault, V, Green, B, Harriott, P, O'Harte, F, Bouman, S, Ursø, B, Brand, C, Rolin, B, Ribel, U, Schäffer, L, Maggs, D, Ceriello, A, Frias, J, Wang, Y, Ruggles, J, Kolterman, O, Piconi, L, Weyer, C, Want, L, Ratner, R, Uwaifo, G, Thornberry, N, Eiermann, G, Kim, D, Lankas, G, Leiting, B, Li, Z, Lyons, K, Petrov, A, Sinha Roy, R, Woods, A, Woods, J, Zhang, B, Fisher, M, Moller, D, Weber, A, Dreyer, M, Bellin, C, Schmitz, V, Roesen, R, Nescheret, A, Bose, A, Mocanu, M, Carr, R, Yellon, D, Manolopoulos, K, Born, S, Wagner, A, Jeziorska, M, Ben Drief, A, Bashir, M, Tomlinson, D, Malik, R, Zeymer, U, Schwarzmaier d'assie, A, Petzinna, D, Chiasson, J, Stratton, I, Af Björkesten, C, Fagerudd, J, Rosengård bärlund, M, Forsblom, C, Pettersson fernholm, K, Waden, J, Saraheimo, M, Rönnback, M, Thorn, L, Groop, P, Mollsten, A, Svensson, M, Kockum, I, Rudberg, S, Brismar, K, Dahlquist, G, Hovind, P, Hansen, T, Tarnow, L, Thiel, S, Jensen, B, Flyvbjerg, A, Kankova, K, Hertlova, M, Krusova, D, Schwenke, S, Ott, J, Thom, S, Mistry, P, Sjolie, A, Larsen, B, Witt, N, Hughes, A, Samira, H, Lahiry, S, Howlader, S, Parveen, S, Azad Khan, A, Clarke, P, Gray, A, Phillips, L, Phillips, P, Chittleborough, C, Baldock, K, Taylor, A, Davis, W, Davis, T, Knuiman, M, Hendrie, D, Worthley, D, Nicolucci, A, Pellegrini, F, De Berardis, G, Franciosi, M, Belfiglio, M, Rossi, M, Sacco, M, Valentini, M, Richardson, C, Jones, P, Persaud, S, Hussain, K, Clark, A, Christie, M, Gniuli, D, Hribal, M, Accili, D, Khan, M, Zervou, S, Cheung, L, Abouna, S, Ifandi, V, Pelengaris, S, Luco, R, Ferrer, J, Ma, D, Shield, J, Dean, W, Leclerc, I, Knauf, C, Burcelin, R, Kelsey, G, Powers, A, Shostak, A, Ferrara, N, Poffenberger, G, Jerome, W, Brissova, M, Geloneze, S, Tambascia, M, Pareja, J, Chaim, E, Silveira, H, Geloneze, B, Ravikumar, B, Carey, P, Snaar, J, Dheelchand, D, Cook, D, Neely, D, Taylor, G, Morris, P, Taylor, R, Stears, A, Masding, M, Wootton, S, Sandeman, D, Klimes, I, Wein, S, Gasperikova, D, Ukropec, J, Wiernsperger, N, Sebokova, E, Manco, M, Mingrone, G, Granato, L, Greco, A, Nanni, G, Castagneto, M, Vidal, H, Calvani, M, Ferrannini, E, Alvarsson, M, Sundkvist, G, Lager, I, Henricsson, M, Berntorp, K, Fernqvist forbes, E, Steen, L, Örn, T, Shutler, S, Bianchi biscay, M, Rosenstock, J, Sugimoto, D, Strange, P, Stewart, J, Soltes Rak, E, Dailey, G, Kloos, C, Müller, U, Sämann, A, Femerling, M, Risse, A, Jecht, M, Haak, T, Garg, R, Lawrence, I, Akinsola, M, Mcnally, P, Garber, A, Kim, H, Draeger, E, Aydın, L, Şengül, A, Kürklü, A, Uçak, S, Basat, O, Seber, S, Altuntaş, Y, Jin, J, Yu, Y, Yu, H, Zhang, X, Mattoo, V, Eckland, D, Widel, M, Duran, S, Fajardo, C, Strand, J, Knight, D, Oakley, D, Tan, M, Sato, A, Nagao, M, Aki, N, Nakagami, T, Iwamoto, Y, Zhou, Z, Li, X, Huang, G, Yan, X, Yang, L, Peng, J, Wang, J, Tan, S, Tang, W, Fürnsinn, C, Brunmair, B, Wagner, L, Gras, F, Artwohl, M, Zierhut, B, Waldhäusl, W, Shine, B, Hopkins, D, Anand, V, Lim, E, Raval, U, Sharp, P, Corder, R, Lipkin, D, Lahiri, A, Bartnik, M, Rydén, L, Ferrari, R, Malmberg, K, Pyörälä, K, Simoons, M, Standl, E, Soler soler, J, Öhrvik, J, Bruce, D, Starkstein, S, Schauer, U, Astrup, A, Pietraszek, L, Nielsen, F, Rossing, P, Ali, S, Smidt, U, Yokoyama, H, Pavkov, M, Knowler, W, Bennett, P, Nelson, R, López alba, A, Morcillo, L, Caballero, A, Montoya, L, Jiménez, A, Maceira, B, Lewis, J, Ravid, M, Wajman, A, Tadgell, C, Remuzzi, G, Hunsicker, L, Wadén, J, Wessman, M, Taskinen, M, Pugliese, G, Amadio, L, Menini, S, Oddi, G, Ricci, C, Iacobini, C, Pricci, F, Sorcini, M, Pesce, C, Migliaccio, E, Giorgio, M, Pelicci, P, Di Mario, U, Lassila, M, Jandeleit dahm, K, Seah, K, Calkin, A, Allen, T, Cooper, M, Lopes De Faria, J, Cavakcanti, T, Silva, K, Ferrari, A, Cellek, S, Foxwell, N, Cotter, M, Cameron, N, Tennagels, N, Jordan, H, Stahl, P, Voss, M, Welte, S, Werner, U, Lehmann, R, Moeschel, K, Baumgartner, F, Oeckinghaus, A, Beck, A, Weigert, C, Hennige, A, Schleicher, E, Häring, H, Müssig, K, Staiger, H, Natalicchio, A, Laviola, L, De Tullio, C, Renna, L, Giorgino, R, Giorgino, F, Falasca, M, Maffucci, T, Park, D, Song, J, Lee, D, Lee, Y, Hariharan, N, Kunselman, L, Gu, L, Sasseville, V, Harrity, T, Cheng, P, Pratley, R, Schweizer, A, Mills, D, Ahren, B, Kim, T, Song, X, Van Poelje, P, Potter, S, Dang, Q, Fujitaki, J, Linemeyer, D, Landau, B, Erion, M, Pankop, M, Golay, A, Després, J, Sjöström, L, Lawlor, D, Legg, K, Ur, E, Houweling, S, Kleefstra, N, Meyboom de Jong, B, Bilo, H, Schlömer, G, Meyer, G, Kasper, J, Mühlhauser, I, Young, B, Taylor, J, Friede, T, Hollis, S, Mason, J, Long, A, Gambling, T, Pauline, L, Burns, E, New, J, Gibson, M, Betteridge, D, Leiter, L, Whitty, P, Eccles, M, Hawthorne, G, Grimshaw, J, Steen, I, Vanoli, A, Wood, L, Speed, C, Mcdowell, D, Rewers, M, Maahs, D, Wadwa, R, Eckel, R, Tracy, R, Pfützner, A, Strotmann, H, Schulze, J, Hohberg, C, Pahler, S, Forst, T, Ambery, P, Sydall, H, Cooper, C, Dennison, E, Sayer, A, Barker, D, Phillips, D, Lalic, N, Ostojic, M, Lalic, K, Zamaklar, M, Jotic, A, Ilic, M, Rajkovic, N, Lukic, L, Milicic, T, Vergès, B, Zeller, M, Steg, P, Beer, J, Brisard, C, Brindisi, M, Dentan, G, Laurent, Y, Janin manificat, L, Makki, H, Ravisy, J, Cottin, Y, Ajjan, R, Grant, P, Futers, T, Carter, A, Rasmussen, M, Bruun, J, Pedersen, S, Richelsen, B, Dietze schroeder, D, Sell, H, Koenen, M, Eckel, J, Delporte, M, Bauche, I, Brichard, S, Ait El Mkadem, S, Rezsohazy, R, Tsiotra, P, Tsigos, C, Gatsiou, C, Raptis, S, Walker, C, Bryson, J, Hancock, D, Takahashi, N, Hatakeyama, H, Kasai, H, Gauthier, B, Iezzi, M, Fukuda, M, Duhamel, D, Ravier, M, Düfer, M, Neye, Y, Krippeit drews, P, Sausbier, U, Arntz, C, Sausbier, M, Neuhuber, W, Ruth, P, Drews, G, Beauvois, M, Rolland, J, Jonas, J, Merezak, C, Henquin, J, Gilon, P, Jabin Gustafsson, A, Dzabic, M, Islam, M, Vaxillaire, M, Cheyssac, C, Dina, C, Vasseur delannoy, V, Leprêtre, F, Siddiq, A, Froguel, P, Neve, B, Fernandez zapico, M, Ashkenazi katalan, V, Urrutia, R, Melloul, D, Froguel, R, Poulsen, P, Wojtaszewski, J, Richter, E, Vaag, A, Granhall, C, Renström, E, Luthman, H, Isomaa, B, Gloyn, A, Edghill, E, Pearson, E, Mackay, D, Temple, I, Noyes, K, Freedenberg, D, Gillespie, K, Lambert, A, Gale, E, Ellard, S, Hattersley, A, Fanelli, C, Porcellati, F, Rossetti, P, Busciantella, N, Billi, C, Burrin, D, Bolli, G, Bingham, E, Dunn, J, Sutcliffe goulden, J, Marsden, P, Amiel, S, Davis, R, Kennedy martin, T, Peters, J, Wittrup jensen, K, Mcewan, P, Morrissey, M, Currie, C, Akram, K, Pedersen bjergaard, U, Thorsteinsson, B, Pibernik okanovic, M, Peros, K, Begic, D, Szabo, S, Metelko, Z, Vlaiculescu, M, Calota, I, Busila, T, Bruckner, I, Giannakopoulou, D, Lindner, H, Hrachovinova, T, Fejfarova, V, Csémy, L, Malcomson, J, Campbell, M, Pandolfi, A, Giardinelli, A, Di Tomo, P, Di Silvestre, S, Di Fulvio, P, Capani, F, Consoli, A, Roesen, P, Patruno, A, Grilli, A, Capani, R, Felaco, M, Boner, G, Mccarroll, K, Brenner, B, De Zeeuw, D, Kowey, P, Shahinfar, S, Crow, R, Iso, K, Kuboki, K, Tada, H, Yoshino, G, Schjoedt, K, Andersen, S, Distiller, L, Degenhardt, T, Szabo, J, Khalifah, R, Schotzinger, R, Achenbach, P, Knopff, A, Naserke, H, Ziegler, A, Bonifacio, E, Valera, L, Jardin, B, Roche, S, Lampasona, V, Pugniere, M, Roquet, F, Granier, C, Laune, D, Afifiyan, F, Cheung, R, Yantha, J, Jackowski, G, Dosch, H, Nakanishi, K, Kogawa, N, Komatsu, Y, Fontés, G, Imamura, T, Ilic, C, Puech, C, Ktorza, A, Bataille, D, Dalle, S, Fosgerau, K, Gelling, R, Nishimura, E, Andersen, B, Madsen, P, Lau, J, Streicher, R, Wagner, K, Vettermann, R, Potterat, O, Renard, E, Panteleon, A, Kolopp, M, Rebrin, K, Steil, G, Hariri, F, Darwin, C, Saad, M, Buckingham, B, Kunselman, B, Wong, L, Istoc, E, Leach, J, Purvis, R, Monfre, S, Fischer, J, Garg, S, Ahmann, A, Ruchti, T, Gandhi, G, Nuttall, G, Mullany, C, Schaff, H, Williams, B, Rizza, R, Mcmahon, M, Gates, G, Mentel, J, Smith, R, Crook, J, Hosszúfalusi, N, Vatay, Á, Palik, È, Füst, G, Karádi, I, Romics, L, Pánczél, P, Aurich, K, Voelker, U, Braun, A, Nguyen, L, Kriketos, A, Denver, G, Üceyler, N, Schütt, M, Lesch, K, Mössner, R, Sommer, C, Seda, O, Liska, F, Kazdova, L, Sedova, L, Krenova, D, Zima, T, Tremblay, J, Kren, V, Hamet, P, Klöting, N, Follak, N, Klöting, I, Dessapt, C, Dei Cas, A, Baradez, M, Hayward, A, Thomas, S, Viberti, G, Gnudi, L, Gale, C, Thallas, V, Thomas, M, Candido, R, Burns, W, Forbes, J, Shymanskyy, I, Kuchmerovska, T, Klimenko, A, Jaeckel, E, Manns, M, Von Boehmer, H, Hedrich, H, Téllez, N, Montolio, M, Estimes, E, Rodríguez mulero, S, Soler, J, Montanya, E, Liu, Y, Chen, J, Rowlands, D, Chan, H, Simeonov, I, Anthony, K, Zelaya, F, Williams, S, Brammer, M, Mountjoy, P, Bailey, S, Shaw, J, Sicree, R, Dunstan, D, Cameron, A, Zimmet, P, Hewitt, S, Graff iversen, S, Assah, F, Fezeu, L, Kengne, A, Awah, P, Mbanya, J, Shu, J, Kamadjeu, R, Kiawi, E, Kerényi, Z, Péterfalvi, A, Bosnyák, Z, Madarász, E, Tabák, Á, Szánthó, J, Rákóczi, I, Tamás, G, Di Bartolo, P, Valpiani, G, Di Martino, M, Scaramuzza, A, Saragoni, S, Degli Esposti, E, Cannatá, F, Gudbjornsdottir, S, Cederholm, J, Nilsson, P, Eliasson, B, Miettinen, M, Miettinen, J, Nan, H, Dong, Y, Gao, W, Sun, B, Wang, N, Fu, F, Shi, H, Ding, M, Lorenzo, C, Serrano ríos, M, Martínez larrad, M, González sánchez, J, Seclén, S, Villena, A, Gonzalez villalpando, C, Williams, K, Stern, M, Haffner, S, Sakurai, M, Miura, K, Kita, Y, Takamura, T, Ota, T, Ishizaki, M, Morikawa, Y, Nakagawa, H, Szybiński, Z, Szurkowska, M, Mardarowicz, G, Łopatyński, J, Gilis januszewska, A, Szafraniec, K, Nicer, T, Kwon, H, Lee, J, Lee, H, Park, Y, Choi, Y, Jang, S, Song, B, Yoon, K, Lee, W, Cha, B, Lee, K, Son, H, Jørgensen, M, Moustgaard, H, Bjerregaard, P, Ebara, F, Salmon, J, Owen, N, Welborn, T, Armstrong, T, Jolley, D, Galtier, F, Deschamps, V, Borys, J, Lasfargues, G, Andre, P, Born, C, Royer, B, Wilpart, E, Cailleau, M, Eschwege, E, Timar, R, Serban, V, Vlad, A, Diaconu, L, Rosu, M, Olari, O, Sima, A, Qiao, Q, Chappuis, B, Diem, P, Christ, E, Iafusco, D, Prisco, F, Gemma, C, Mattera, S, Sanges, M, Menneila, C, Sommese, L, Jarosz chobot, P, Polanska, J, Feltbower, R, Mckinney, P, Stephenson, C, Bodansky, H, Icks, A, Du Prel, J, Grabert, M, Giani, G, Kyvik, K, Skytthe, A, Ioacara, S, Farcasiu, E, Bradescu, O, Guja, C, Scutaru, G, Savu, O, Ionescu tirgoviste, C, Ola, T, Hawa, M, Buzzetti, R, Scherbaum, W, Kolb, H, Thivolet, C, Hunter, S, Hadden, D, Guntram, S, De Leiva, A, Mauricio, D, Pozzilli, P, Leslie, R, Benediktsson, R, Jonsdottir, A, Einarsdottir, A, Reynisdottir, I, Aspelund, T, Grant, S, Thorleifsson, G, Sigurdsson, G, Stefansson, K, Gudnason, V, Wollitzer, A, Jovanovic, L, Lobo, P, Martí, M, Preiti, M, Urdaneta, R, Juarez, S, Schober, E, Thon, A, Rami, B, Tringham, J, Buyukbese, M, Sakamoto, Y, Inoue, Y, Matsumoto, H, Oono, K, Tokumasa, Y, Gorter, K, Janssen, P, Stolk, R, Van Hessen, P, Rutten, G, Palik, É, Niedermayer, D, Murro, A, Coghi, C, Federici, M, Benedetti, M, Koehler, C, Henkel, E, Temelkova kurktschiev, T, Stier, U, Ott, P, Siegert, G, Bergmann, S, Hanefeld, M, Leonhardt, W, Sayeed, M, Mahtab, H, Khanam, P, Banu, A, Rashid, M, Mulnier, H, Seaman, H, Lovell, D, Soedamah mathu, S, Colhoun, H, Lawrenson, R, Diehm, C, Lange, S, Darius, H, Pittrow, D, Haberl, R, Von Stritzky, B, Tepohl, G, Allenberg, J, Trampisch, H, Soinio, M, Marniemi, J, Laakso, M, Lehto, S, Rönnemaa, T, Ito, C, Sasaki, H, Ishida, S, Maeda, R, Barengo, N, Lakka, T, Köhler, C, Benke, I, Raccah, D, Bailleau, C, Vexiau, P, Vaur, L, Aydin, N, Topsever, P, Filiz, T, Dayan, A, Bulgurlu, S, Gebeloglu, N, Demirtunc, R, Dagar, A, Skliros, E, Sotiropoulos, A, Vassibosis, A, Xipnitos, C, Liva, E, Chronopoulos, I, Merkouris, P, Skourtis, S, Pappas, S, Charbonnel, B, Baigts, F, Dumenil, V, Paillasson, S, Baleydier, A, Hanaire, H, Sert, C, Chabrier, G, Rodier, M, Fontaine, P, Kim, J, Miyake, Y, Sakai, T, Takamatsu, K, Tomioka, Y, Sugano, H, Murao, S, Shimizu, I, Unwin, N, Nag, S, Roglic, G, Connolly, V, Roper, N, Goodwin, J, Kelly, W, Thomsen, R, Hundborg, H, Schønheyder, H, Khalangot, M, Gang, H, Tajima, N, Bianchi, C, Giovannitti, M, Pellegrini, G, Caricato, F, Bertolotto, A, Corfini, M, Guzder, R, Gatling, W, Byrne, C, Varillas, V, Boronat, M, Carrillo, A, La Roche, F, Ojeda, A, López, Y, Marrero, D, Nóvoa, J, Shahidul Alam Khan, A, Thaware, P, Gangat, I, Howlett, T, Jenum, A, Holme, I, Birkeland, K, Sourij, H, Stoschitzky, K, Klein, W, Roth, M, Dittrich, P, Wascher, T, Hilding, A, Eriksson, A, Agardh, E, Efendic, S, Östenson, C, Levitt, N, Bradshaw, D, Salzsieder, E, Freyse, E, Rutscher, A, Heinke, P, Augstein, P, Makino, H, Kainou, Y, Konoue, E, Ohno, K, Ebisui, O, Fujii, Y, Kondo, S, Fujiyama, M, Tanaka, K, Takemoto, K, Kida, K, Onuma, Y, Osawa, H, Tuomilehto wolf, E, Kinnunen, L, Laine, A, Kokko, T, Kakko, T, Hermann, R, Veijola, R, Simell, O, Ilonen, J, Guglielmi, C, Galgani, A, Beretta Anguissola, G, D'Avola, D, Bakhtadze, E, Weiss, H, Wedekind, D, Bilbao, J, San Pedro, J, Vitoria, J, Martul, P, Castaño, L, Badenhoop, K, Ramos Lopez, E, Usadel, K, Wägner, A, Cloos, P, Stahlhut, M, Bergholdt, R, Ramos, E, Taxvig, C, Vella, A, Smyth, D, Cooper, J, Undlien, D, Rønningen, K, Ionescu tîrgovişte, C, Savage, D, Dunger, D, Strachan, D, Ring, S, Todd, J, Mironczuk, K, Kretowski, A, Kinalska, I, Nutland, S, Guja, L, Nielsen, L, Gammeltoft, S, Schwarz, P, Towers, W, Fischer, S, Mcrae, J, Willis, J, Scott, R, Potter, H, Merriman, T, Frampton, C, George, P, Spranger, J, Möhlig, M, Hoffmann, K, Müller, S, Osterhoff, M, Ristow, M, Boeing, H, Pfeiffer, A, Li, Y, Fisher, E, Burwinkel, B, Schrezenmeir, J, Mager, U, Pulkkinen, L, Lindi, V, Lindström, J, Xiu, L, Sui, Y, Weng, J, Kalis, M, Cilio, C, Olde, B, Owman, C, Levéen, P, Da Ros, R, Assaloni, R, Maier, A, Quagliaro, L, Zuodar, G, Zakja, E, Gu, H, Nordman, S, Brookes, A, Prince, J, Helwig, U, Rubin, D, Hampe, J, Schreiber, S, Fölsch, U, Döring, F, Porzio, O, Massa, O, Cunsolo, V, Njolstad, P, Terrinoni, A, Melino, G, Colombo, C, Federici, G, Barbetti, F, Herder, C, Bongardt, F, Schöpfer, A, Rathmann, W, Martin, S, Holle, R, Thorand, B, Wichmann, H, Koenig, W, Illig, T, Blasiak, J, Arabski, M, Krupa, R, Wozniak, K, Dabrowski, J, Kasznicki, J, Zurawska, M, Drzewoski, J, Kose, H, Matsumoto, K, Wilke, B, Kerr bayles, L, Walder, K, Civitarese, A, Jowett, J, Curran, J, Elliott, K, Trevaskis, J, Bishara, N, Wanyonyi, S, Sanigorski, A, Blangero, J, Kissebah, A, Collier, G, Carlsson, E, Arner, P, Ridderstråle, M, Nitz, I, Lindner, I, Suzuki, S, Hinokio, Y, Hirai, M, Yamada, T, Yoshizumi, S, Tanizawa, Y, Matsutani, A, Ishihara, H, Takahashi, K, Katagiri, H, Oka, Y, Nam, M, Hong, S, Ahn, C, Kim, Y, Zeggini, E, Parkinson, J, Groves, C, Frayling, T, Hitman, G, Walker, M, Sampson, M, Levy, J, Weedon, M, Wiltshire, S, Owen, K, Halford, S, Mccarthy, M, Shehadeh, N, Bakri, D, Gershoni baruch, R, Yasuda, K, Okada, T, Sunaga, Y, Kajimoto, Y, Shibasaki, T, Kaburagi, Y, Kadowaki, T, Estalella, I, Rica, I, Vazquez, J, De Andrade, P, Van Den Ouweland, J, Maassen, J, Huoponen, K, Savontaus, M, Dimitrijevic Sreckovic, V, Djordjevic, P, Popovic, S, Gostiljac, D, Canovic, F, Sreckovic, B, Colak, E, Obrenovic, R, Milic, G, Glisic, B, Etemadi, A, Saadat, N, Azizi, F, Tsur, A, Cohen, Y, Yerushalmi, Y, Wainstein, J, Norberg, M, Eriksson, J, Lindahl, B, Andersson, C, Rolandsson, O, Stenlund, H, Weinehall, L, Lecomte, P, Vol, S, Cacès, E, Chabrolle, C, Halimi, J, Nijpels, G, Dekker, J, Bouter, L, Heine, R, Löbner, K, Mollenhauer, U, Baumgarten, A, Com, E, Sargin, M, Karadeniz, S, Sengul, A, Suleymanoglu, Y, Pekcanli, N, Yilmaz, T, Cicero, A, Dormi, A, Miconi, A, D'Addato, S, Laghi, L, Brillante, R, Bernardi, R, Grandi, E, Gaddi, A, Jones, M, Lacey, L, Bergenheim, K, Yamagata, F, Yamakoshi, M, Takahashi, M, Kawazu, S, Festa, A, Hanley, A, Otvos, J, Goff, D, Wajngot, A, Cerasi, E, Baumert, J, Schneider, A, Löwel, H, Roussel, R, Müller brandes, C, Ballmann, M, Nährlich, L, Thalhammer, G, Nastoll, M, Schwarz, J, Johne, U, Erfurth, M, Lüddeke, H, Liebl, A, Kotowa, W, Maclaine, G, Evers, T, Pontiroli, A, Pizzocri, P, Paganelli, M, Folli, F, Jung, D, Park, M, Henriksen, J, Durck, T, Weghuber, D, Roden, M, Tura, A, Pacini, G, Bischof, M, Widhalm, K, Sharp, G, Shanmugam, G, Straub, S, Michael, D, Chow, R, Regazzi, R, Gerona, R, Martin, T, Waselle, L, Tomas, A, Min, L, Pessin, J, Björklund, A, Ma, Z, Portwood, N, Parton, L, Smith, E, Diraison, F, Tsuboi, T, Lehtihet, M, Webb, D, Honkanen, R, Knoch, K, Meisterfeld, R, Bergert, H, Kolpe, M, Altkrüger, A, Saeger, H, Solimena, M, Haspel, D, Aguilar bryan, L, Bryan, J, Ullrich, S, Berchtold, S, Ranta, F, Seebohm, G, Alexander, D, Wulff, P, Kuhl, D, Lang, F, Speier, S, Yang, S, Rose, T, Rupnik, M, Varadi, A, Mitchell, K, Schwappach, B, Bleck, C, Wienbergen, A, Rustenbeck, I, Vieira, E, Gylfe, E, Seissler, J, Wohlrab, U, Schmiegelt, D, Ruetter, R, Herten, M, Lechner, A, Nolan, A, Blacken, R, Habener, J, Gao, R, Ustinov, J, Korsgren, O, Mikkola, M, Lundin, K, Otonkoski, T, Jahr, H, Bieback, K, Kern, S, Brendel, C, Brendel, M, Bretzel, R, Taniguchi, S, Ohgawara, H, Tsuchiya, K, Tsuchiya, M, Okochi, H, Kelter, A, Dohrmann, C, Austen, M, Aicher, B, Maedler, K, Schumann, D, Iwakura, Y, Donath, M, Peter, A, Opel, A, Seufert, J, Fernández, E, Serradas, P, Martín, M, Plachot, C, Bailbé, D, Gangnerau, M, Gavete, M, Fajardo, S, Escrivá, F, Portha, B, Álvarez, C, Lipsett, M, Jamal, A, Hanley, S, Castellarin, M, Rosenberg, L, Bhushan, A, Georgia, S, Calderari, S, Meile, M, Miettinen, P, Palgi, J, Virkamäki, A, Ferris, W, Campbell, S, Armstrong, L, Hole, N, Lako, M, Macfarlane, W, Barbera, A, Altirriba, J, Nadal, B, Larsen, M, Gotfredsen, C, Reusens, B, Sparre, T, Kalbe, L, Leunda, A, Kruhoffer, M, Orntoft, T, Remade, C, Dasilva Xavier, G, Motakis, E, Nason, G, Leibiger, B, Berggren, P, Leibiger, I, Uhles, S, Moede, T, Welters, H, Senkel, S, Erdmann, S, Thomas, H, Morgan, N, Irminger, J, Rickenbach, K, Jackson, D, Chan, S, Dezaki, K, Watanabe, M, Hosoda, H, Kangawa, K, Yada, T, Kühnen, P, Laubner, K, Hernández, R, Silvestre, R, Egido, E, Châtenet, D, Leprince, J, Chartrel, N, Vaudry, H, Marco, J, Zhang, F, Zhang, Q, Tengholm, A, Thore, S, Costes, S, Longuet, C, Broca, C, Baltrusch, S, Dyachok, O, Thams, P, Anwar, M, Capito, K, Radu, R, Fujimoto, S, Mukai, E, Shimono, D, Nabe, K, Shimodahira, M, Kominato, R, Aramaki, Y, Yamada, Y, Seino, Y, Giroix, M, Agascioglu, E, Courtois, P, Malaisse, W, Sener, A, Piquer, S, Barcelo batllori, S, Julia, M, Li, J, Lou, M, Zhang, J, Zhou, Q, Zhao, G, Webb, G, Dalal, S, Garcia, C, Saxena, P, Houk, M, Nenquin, M, Abdel ghany, M, Miele, C, Romano, C, Corbo, V, Maitan, M, Andreozzi, F, Ungaro, P, Oriente, F, Raciti, G, Formisano, P, Beguinot, F, Mcclenaghan, N, Mccluskey, J, Patterson, S, Efanov, A, Sewing, S, Bokvist, K, Gromada, J, Frederiksen, A, Juhl, C, Schwarts, M, Schmitz, O, Andersen, P, Valeri, C, Castelli, M, Bonfante, R, Beyan, H, Elouil, H, Khaldi, M, Evangelista, S, Zeender, E, Berney, T, Franklin, I, Sergeev, P, Chervonsky, A, Nyblom, H, Ahmed, M, Bergsten, P, Sol, E, Kharroubi, I, Ladriere, L, Cnop, M, Moffitt, J, Fielding, B, Currie, J, Staiger, K, Brandhorst, D, Winter, D, Kellerer, M, Oprescu, A, Naassan, A, Klimentova, T, Constantin, S, Tang, C, Uchino, H, Lam, L, Wheeler, M, Fantus, G, Giacca, A, Ortsäter, H, Sundsten, T, Youshikawa, H, Winzell, M, Montrone, C, Martemucci, S, Perrini, S, Caccioppoli, C, Størling, J, Grassetti, D, Scipioni, A, Dotta, F, Yamamoto, N, Tsunekawa, S, Ito, Y, Oiso, Y, Miura, Y, Niki, I, Scrocchi, L, Ha, K, Wang, F, Chen, Y, Wu, L, Fraser, P, Yermen, B, Lilla, V, Kaminski, A, Mathe, Z, Dupraz, P, Zbinden, M, Filo, A, Bucher, P, Rinsch, C, Thorens, B, Pepper, M, Estilles, E, Sigrist, S, Rieger, L, Mandes, K, Bohbot, A, Pinget, M, Kessler, L, Parab, P, Katdare, M, Galande, S, Saha, B, Yoshida, A, Satoh, J, Homo dekarche, F, Coulaud, J, Durant, S, Drexhage, H, Mabley, J, Deb, A, Wallace, R, Pacher, P, Elder, R, Szabo, C, Schlosser, M, Mentel, R, Moya suri, V, Wassmuth, R, Gürtler, L, Ankelo, M, Westerlund, A, Blomberg, K, Hinkkanen, A, Popova, V, Gruzov, M, Afanasyeva, V, Kulikovskaya, A, Melnichenko, S, Mankovsky, B, Zak, K, Koczwara, K, Warncke, K, Kawasaki, E, Imagawa, A, Uchigata, Y, Kobayashi, M, Abiru, N, Yamasaki, H, Eguchi, K, Chrul, S, Polakowska, E, Heinrich, A, Walter, M, Pitocco, D, Visalli, N, Crinò, A, Costantino, F, Manfrini, S, Spera, S, Suraci, C, Patera, P, Matteoli, M, Schiaffini, R, Ghirlanda, G, Leotta, S, Hatziagelaki, E, Tsiavou, A, Degiannis, D, Chaidaroglou, A, Manginas, A, Koniavitou, K, Desai, M, Williams, A, Horton, V, Bingley, P, Cull, C, Citarrella, R, Richiusa, P, Mattina, A, Criscimanna, A, Mantione, L, Bronte, V, Pizzolanti, G, Galluzzo, A, Giordano, C, Giulietti, A, Stoffels, K, Overbergh, L, Mathieu, C, Bilgic, S, Aktas, E, Salman, F, Yillar, G, Yilmaz, M, Deniz, G, Valorani, G, Pozzilli, R, Weets, I, Truyen, I, Verschraegen, I, Van Der Auwera, B, De Schepper, J, Dorchy, H, Lebrethon, M, Van Gaal, L, Van Rooy, P, Pipeleers, D, Gorus, F, Shtandel, S, Atramentova, L, Karachentsev, Y, Kravchun, N, Koval, S, Poltorak, V, Levchenko, T, Snegurakaya, I, Miloslavskiy, D, Bojko, V, Resnik, L, Chico, A, Rojas, I, Julià, M, Novials, A, Bendlová, B, Včelák, J, Vaňková, M, Šrámková, D, Šamalíková, P, Kvasničková, H, Vondra, K, Petrone, A, Vania, A, Zavarella, S, Alemanno, I, Di Cola, S, Ribaudo, M, Leonetti, F, Angel, B, Carrasco, E, Santos, J, Albala, C, Oyarzún, A, Pérez bravo, F, Petry, C, Ong, K, Michelmore, K, Artigas, S, Wingate, D, De Zegher, F, Ibáñez, L, Prestle, J, Adomeit, A, Hammer, E, Zieher, T, Missler, B, Appl, T, Schindler, M, Brodbeck, K, Machicao, F, Just, M, Færgeman, N, Knudsen, J, Quint, M, Tschank, G, Korn, M, Henriksen, E, Dokken, B, Sloniger, J, Dörig, J, Quarré, L, Piatkiewicz, P, Taton, J, Czech, A, Gorski, A, Jebens, E, Brennesvik, E, Ktori, C, Ruzzin, J, Shepherd, P, Jensen, J, Lakka, H, Rankinen, T, Leon, A, Skinner, J, Wilmore, J, Rao, D, Bouchard, C, Vendrell, J, Chacon, M, Garcia españa, A, Fernandez real, J, Gutierrez, C, Richart, C, Takeshita, Y, Shimizu, A, Hamaguchi, E, Kaneko, S, Hřebíček, J, Orel, M, Lichnovská, R, Gwozdziewiczová, S, Chlup, R, Faturos, I, Tournis, S, Fotinakis, P, Thomakos, P, Manousaki, M, Leontsini, D, Taxildaris, K, Mitrakou, A, Hur, K, Shim, W, Cho, Y, Lim, S, Kim, K, Beregszaszi, M, Chevenne, D, Sebag, G, De Kerdanet, M, Huet, F, Polak, M, Lacombe, D, De Paoli, A, Levy marchal, C, Mokhort, T, Shishko, E, Shepelkevich, A, Benito, M, Arribas, M, Valverde, A, Menghini, R, Marchetti, V, Cardellini, M, Sbraccia, P, Lauro, D, Lauro, R, Ali, A, Penny, C, Van Der Merwe, M, Paiker, J, Psaras, G, Ekram, F, Crowther, N, Musri, M, Corominola, H, Casamitjana, R, Párrizas, M, Renström, F, Burén, J, Park, C, Lee, G, Kang, E, Sanchez margalet, V, Gonzalez yanes, C, Diaz troya, S, Rodriguez De Fonseca, F, Mcnamara, M, Boschetti, N, Schmid, D, Spinas, G, Trüb, T, Niessen, M, Kuhlmann, J, Neumann haefelin, C, Belz, U, Juretschke, H, Kramer, W, Herling, A, Markova, I, Oliyarnyk, O, Cahova, M, Manders, R, Koopman, R, Zorenc, A, Keizer, H, Van Loon, L, Straczkowski, M, Kowalska, I, Dzienis straczkowska, S, Nikolajuk, A, Gorska, M, Zabielski, P, Baranowski, M, Gorski, J, De Haan, J, Klomp, D, Heerschap, A, Corpeleijn, E, Budzinski, R, Stengele, I, Schuler, M, Selzle, N, Lehmann lintz, T, Heckel, A, Vavrinkova, H, Meskhishvili, E, Furier, S, Parkes, H, Cooney, G, Alemzadeh, R, Tushaus, K, Nencioni, S, Giovannitti, G, Longo, V, De Vries, R, Kerstens, M, Van Tol, A, Dullaart, R, Mcbride, R, Denke, M, Pearson, T, Battisti, W, Brady, W, Palmisano, J, Tuzova, O, Wahl, H, Hong, Q, Luz, K, Xu, G, Schmülling, R, Liebich, H, Oomen, P, Hattori, H, Smit, A, Scheek, L, Thomaseth, K, Lajoix, A, Gauthey, A, Dietz, S, Jahannault, C, Manteghetti, M, Petit, P, Gross, R, Ostenson, C, Quynh, N, Florén, A, Langel, U, Gedulin, B, Smith, P, Prickett, K, Tryon, M, Barnhill, S, Yeoh, T, Young, A, Hiles, R, Carpenter, T, Serota, D, Schafer, K, Ross, P, Nelson, D, Rebelatto, M, Ikeda, H, Nagashima, K, Tsukiyama, K, Todo, T, Trombetta, M, Boselli, L, Calì, A, Cretti, A, Monauni, T, Bifari, F, Bonora, E, Muggeo, M, Bonadonna, R, Gredal, C, Rosenfalck, A, Dejgaard, A, Hilsted, J, Vankova, M, Sramkova, D, Samalikova, P, Vcelak, J, Kvasnickova, H, Bendlova, B, Rudovich, N, Rochlitz, H, Ritzel, R, Butler, A, Butler, P, Murphy, M, Körner, A, Csillag, J, Pintér, Á, Toman, M, Gray, I, Vielwerth, S, Rinnov, A, Jensen, R, Juul, A, Uitterlinden, P, Bruining, G, Lamberts, S, Rasmussen, E, Malis, C, Ekstrom, C, Arne, A, James, J, Thomas, P, Cavan, D, Owona, A, Ozaki, R, So, W, Tong, P, Chan, M, Wong, G, Cockram, C, Chan, J, Redemann, N, Götz, B, Lahm, P, Mader, G, Tadayyon, M, Oh, Y, Schippmann, V, Kluge, R, Bornstein, S, Joost, H, Bae, H, Lee, B, Vertigan, H, Carroll, D, Griffiths, L, Coghlan, M, Freeman, S, Toffolo, G, Dalla Man, C, Basu, R, Cobelli, C, Bertoldo, A, Price, J, Mathis, C, Mason, N, Holt, D, Kelley, C, Mckolanis, T, Kelley, D, Whyte, M, Jackson, N, Beale, R, Treacher, D, Carroll, P, Jones, R, Umpleby, M, Jaquet, D, Boiko, J, Rigal, O, Czernichow, P, Lévy marchal, C, Qvisth, V, Hagström toft, E, Moberg, E, Bolinder, J, Sjöstrand, M, Gudbjörnsdottir, S, Strindberg, L, Lönnroth, P, Mick, D, Sumarac dumanovic, M, Cvijovic, G, Kendereski, A, Pejkovic, D, Zoric, S, Casanueva, F, Dieguez, C, Singh, R, Basu, A, Chittilapilly, E, Johnson, M, Abdallah, B, Shubeska Stratrova, S, Svendsen, O, Dhatariya, K, Bigelow, M, Nair, K, Lundgren, M, Rüge, T, Myrnäs, T, Gimeno, R, Suri, V, Li, D, Huard, C, Martinez, R, Vettore, M, Sironi, A, Gastaldelli, A, Mari, A, Ciociaro, D, Buzzigoli, E, Pettiti, M, Positano, V, Lombardi, M, Radziuk, J, Pye, S, Brehm, A, Krssak, M, Bernroider, E, Anderwald, C, Nowotny, P, Cline, G, Shulman, G, Kotsa, K, Papazisi, A, Spanopoulos, I, Giovos, I, Suzuki, A, Sobajima, H, Naruse, S, Kitagawa, M, Ishiguro, H, Futakuchi, S, Goto, H, Hines, G, Kennedy, I, Matthews, D, Radikova, Z, Koska, J, Ksinantova, L, Imrich, R, Huckova, M, Vigas, M, Wallace, T, Rajala, U, Hiltunen, L, Keinänen kiukaanniemi, S, Noh, J, Choi, N, Chung, J, Min, Y, Lee, M, Holt, H, Wood, P, Darekar, A, Gross, S, Matthies, K, Weck, M, Malinska, H, Beifort, R, Berria, R, Defronzo, R, Cusi, K, Gorshunska, M, Karachenzev, Y, López bermejo, A, Pratt, K, Hwa, V, Recasens, M, Broch, M, Rosenfeld, R, Fernández real, J, Ricart, W, Grunnet, L, Pedersen, B, Franke, B, Fleming, S, Lemke, N, Laue, C, Pfeuffer, M, Lecube, A, Hernández, C, Genescà, J, García, L, Francisco, G, Simó, R, Kraml, P, Syrovatka, P, Brunerova, L, Smejkalova, V, Potockova, J, Andel, M, Leshchenko, Z, Poltorack, V, Krasova, N, Gladkih, A, Yang, K, Chamson, A, Thyssen, S, Rojo Llobet, A, Christoffersen, B, Raun, K, Fledelius, C, Vinterby, A, Golozoubova, V, Afonso, R, Ribeiro, R, Macedo, M, Guarino, M, Yang, G, Kurita, S, Misu, H, Akahori, H, Cerf, M, Nkomo, X, Muller, C, Du Toit, D, Louw, J, Wolfe coote, S, Nikishin, P, Zagayko, A, Taylor, K, Guo, X, Langefeld, C, Cur, J, Jinagouda, S, Bowden, D, Hokanson, J, Rotter, J, Liew, C, Wise, S, Yeo, K, Teng, C, Fisher, F, Trujillo, M, Hanif, W, Mcternan, P, Barnett, A, Scherer, P, Kumar, S, Kaltenbach, S, Stumvoll, M, Mlynarski, W, Zmyslowska, A, Andrzejewski, W, Shojaee moradie, F, Das, S, Stolinski, M, Jefferson, W, Cramb, R, Shahmanesh, M, Lyngsø, D, Simonsen, L, Bülow, J, Meinardi, J, Sluiter, W, Wolffenbuttel, B, Bonnet, F, Guebre egziabher, F, Rabasa, R, Laville, M, Gosby, A, Maloney, C, Haering, H, Patarrao, R, Lautt, W, Correia, N, Santos, A, Leite, V, Boavida, J, Nanwei, T, Bobbioni harsch, E, Lehmann, T, Sztajzel, J, Morel, P, Huber, O, Chassot, G, Assimacopoulos jeannet, F, Gedulin, G, Baron, A, Hendrickx, H, Lane, J, Coverly, J, Simcox, J, Stocks, J, Brown, L, Beha, A, Juretschke, P, Gerl, M, Klebach, M, Biemer daub, G, Pérez del pulgar, S, Zorzano, A, Heinsbroek, A, D'Alessio, D, Van Dijk, G, Tornero, M, Bailey, C, Mack, C, Wilson, J, Parkes, D, Kusunoki, M, Sakakibara, F, Kato, K, Okabayashi, N, Nakamura, T, Miyata, T, Habu, S, Nakamura, R, Nakasone, Y, Yasaka, T, Ishihara, R, Morikawa, R, Otake, K, Nakaya, Y, Ruzickova, J, Rossmeisl, M, Flachs, P, Sponarova, J, Prazak, T, Matejkova, O, Kopecky, J, Gram, D, Liu, W, Bödvarsdóttir, T, Hansen, J, Sturis, J, Kern, W, Hallschmid, M, Benedict, C, Schultes, B, Born, J, Fehm, H, Westerbacka, J, Lammi, K, Häkkinen, A, Rissanen, A, Yki järvinen, H, Mayr, P, Mertl roetzer, M, Lauster, F, Pohl, M, Lerch, M, Haslbeck, M, Eriksen, J, Rahlfs, V, Serhiyenko, V, Serhiyenko, A, Serhiyenko, L, Radulian, G, Vladica, M, Panaite, C, Balas, B, Derosa, G, Dumas, A, Fiorito, A, Prieto, P, Cancelas, J, Loba, J, Czupryniak, L, Bialasiewicz, P, Pawlowski, M, Nowak, D, Dupuy, O, Le Berre, J, Bordier, L, Rousseau, C, Mayaudon, H, Bauduceau, B, Bossi, A, Meregalli, G, Balini, A, Berzi, D, Cremonesi, B, Cerrato, D, Rezzani, C, Tumiati, M, Han, K, Min, K, Kim, E, Ahn, K, Ahn, H, Argüelles, I, Forga, L, Izquierdo, M, Gorostiaga, E, Fuentes, C, Ibáñez, J, Rivero, A, Baynes, K, Pentecost, C, Bell, J, Thomas, E, Umpleby, A, Kuhl, J, Ruderman, N, Musi, N, Goodyear, L, Patti, M, Thorell, A, Nygren, J, Ljungkvist, O, Degerblad, M, Ståhle, A, Brismar, T, Saha, A, Båvenholm, P, Aydemir, D, Kiran, B, Unal, M, Okumus, N, Kayserilioglu, A, Perkins, J, Kıran, B, Ünal, M, Salman, S, Yıllar, G, Özer, E, Kayserilioǧlu, A, Yılmaz, T, Dinççaǧ, N, Tikkanen, H, Macdonald, A, Harrison, M, Dickinson, H, Bone, A, Watt, P, Østergård, T, Short, K, Saltin, B, Di Mauro, M, Papalia, G, Battiato, R, Giuffrida, D, Boemi, G, Castellino, P, Akter, S, Akhter, A, Pervin, T, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, K, Saleh, F, Chaudhury, H, Tankova, T, Dakovska, G, Lazarova, M, Dakovska, L, Kirilov, G, Koev, D, Torgerson, J, Hauptman, J, Boldrin, M, Pan, C, Gao, Y, Lindgärde, F, Broom, I, Takeda, H, Oana, F, Matsuzawa, A, Hashizume, H, Akahane, S, Cornes, M, Lund, S, Poulsen, G, Frandsen, M, Pedersen, O, Pankiv, V, Yngen, M, Hjemdahl, P, Wallén, N, Florow, D, Leyck Dieken, M, Kitahara, Y, Mine, T, Konya, H, Hamaguchi, T, Satani, K, Umehara, A, Ishikawa, T, Kohri, K, Hasegawa, Y, Suehiro, A, Kakishita, E, Namba, M, Liao, Z, Yao, B, Belcher, G, Mariz, S, Moules, I, Butzer, R, Langenfeld, M, Köder, C, Majali, K, Adiseshiah, M, Betteridge, J, Pratipanawatr, T, Chotmongkol, R, Kanhasura, S, Pratipanawatr, W, Miyazaki, Y, Matsuda, M, Nagasawa, T, Kuroda, J, Dey, D, Chovatia, M, Nag, A, Pandey, B, Nag, B, Thomas, L, Krauth, M, Allgauer, S, Besenfelder, U, Dennenmoser, J, Moon, C, Chae, S, Kim, M, Jo, Y, Shin, J, Ahn, S, Lee, S, Panadero Moya, A, Rodriguez, E, Gonzalo, A, Sánchez vilar, O, Lara, J, Rovira, A, Otto, C, Otto, B, Göke, B, Parhofer, K, Juurinen, L, Tiikkainen, M, Graner, M, Bajaj, M, Suraamornkul, S, Ucak, S, Kurklu, A, Argon, D, Canbek, E, Altuntas, Y, Schöfl, C, Franzen, C, Gregg, R, Swaminathan, A, Frost, C, Nepal, S, Raymond, R, Mosqueda garcia, R, Johns, D, Gilmore, K, Perriello, G, Pampanelli, S, Di Pietro, C, Rinaldi, T, Brunetti, P, Oshinyemi, K, Garcia, S, Curtis, P, Zambanini, A, Home, P, Pocock, S, Dargie, H, Komajda, M, Jones, N, Münscher, C, Potthoff, F, Golbach, U, Weidenhammer, J, Kusterer, K, Lundershausen, R, O'Neill, M, Goldstein, B, Wooddell, M, Strow, L, Waterhouse, B, Cobitz, A, Wyne, K, Porter, L, Weston, W, Chen, T, James, R, Kravitz, B, Pinkowski, D, Ruxer, J, Mozdzan, M, Siejka, A, Kaiser, M, Häuser, C, Jacober, S, Zagar, A, Althouse, S, Pinaire, J, Becker, R, Frick, A, Rave, K, Moses, R, Ways, K, Krones, R, Basir, S, Klein, C, Sawicki, P, Rotella, C, Pala, L, Dicembrini, I, Mannucci, E, Annuzzi, G, De Natale, C, Bozzetto, L, Patti, L, Cipriano, P, Campaigne, B, Malone, J, Bai, S, Reviriego, J, Augendre ferrante, B, Schneider, K, Schweitzer, M, Fach, E, Busch, K, Karimi Anderesi, Z, Haupt, A, Eckert, H, Peiker, J, Fritsche, A, Janka, H, Plewe, G, Kliebe frisch, C, Maxeiner, S, Teng, L, Chan, C, Ernest, C, Skrivanek, Z, Brodows, R, Soon, D, Chung, K, Rußmann, A, Ryysy, L, Hänninen, J, Hulme, S, Kauppinen mäkelin, R, Lahdenperä, S, Lehtonen, R, Levanen, H, Nikkiä, K, Tulokas, T, Virtamo, H, Vahatalo, M, Fulcher, G, Lavalle gonzalez, F, De La Pena, A, Lim, M, Scholtz, H, Derezinski, T, Gerber, R, Hauber, A, Bolinder, B, Johnson, F, Boehm, B, Keiding, J, Raastam, J, Møller, M, Parkner, T, Jørgensen, C, Smedegaard, J, Christiansen, J, Mcdougall, A, Fitch, M, Nelson, G, Mueller, U, Saemann, A, Ishii, H, Iburi, T, Furuya, M, Yamagami, K, Sekine, O, Yamashiro, S, Ishibashi, R, Tsujii, S, Sauriol, L, Lescrauwaet, B, Heckmann, B, Helbig, C, Franke, I, Schiel, R, Oguzhan, B, Gursoy, N, Gutiérrez, E, García, P, Rokeya, B, Hossain, M, Ali, L, Ivanova, O, Gorbenko, N, Gladkich, A, Gorbenko, K, Blase, E, Nguyen, T, Su, G, Gao, H, Carr, E, Wintle, M, Fineman, M, Calara, F, Han, J, Aisporna, M, Zabala, E, Fehse, F, Trautmann, M, Halseth, A, Nauck, M, Kendall, D, Riddle, M, Zhuang, D, Buse, J, Henry, R, Linnebjerg, H, Kothare, P, De La Peña, A, Atkins, M, Bjerre Knudsen, L, Voss, P, Hompesch, M, Filipczak, R, Le, T, Zdravkovic, M, Gumprecht, J, Deacon, C, Plamboeck, A, Guivarch, P, Dreyfus, J, Mathi, S, Castaigne, J, Drucker, D, Kruger, D, Burrell, T, Gloster, M, Crean, J, Herrmann, K, Kovatchev, B, Cox, D, Mccall, A, Whitehouse, F, Chapman, I, Parker, B, Doran, S, Feinle bisset, C, Wishart, J, Lush, C, Mcintyre, S, Deckhut, D, Horowitz, M, El ouaghlidi, A, Rehring, E, Holmes, D, Sallas, W, He, Y, Watson, C, Ligueros saylan, M, Foley, J, Narayanan, S, Thomas, A, Shah, D, Gopalan, B, Vakkalanka, S, Arch, J, Ryskjær, J, Krarup, T, Madsbad, S, Vilsbøll, T, Ciani, S, Bardini, G, Pezzatini, A, Cappadona, A, Joergensen, M, Jensen holm, H, Kristensen, L, Kanstrup, A, Mckillop, A, Duffy, N, Lindsay, J, Bell, P, Hansen, B, Gronemann, S, Wilken, M, Herman, G, Zhao, P, Dietrich, B, Golor, G, Schrodter, A, Keymeulen, B, Lasseter, K, Kipnes, M, Hilliard, D, Tanen, M, De Smet, M, Van Dyck, K, Tanaka, W, Gottesdiener, K, Wagner, J, Hoffmann, T, S, V, Demuth, H, Paule, S, Myers, M, Nikolovski, B, Fujiwara, H, Hosokawa, M, Fukuda, K, Nishi, Y, Fujita, Y, Yamada, K, Ueda, N, Jones leone, A, Yu, T, Barilla, D, Ho, Y, Makrilakis, K, Panagiotakos, D, Dimosthenopoulos, C, Ioannidis, I, Chrysohoou, C, Pitsavos, C, Kuo, S, Levendal, R, Poonsatha, S, Jones, G, Fahey, R, Hoa, N, Norberg, Å, Liepinsh, E, Phan, D, Thuan, N, Jörnvall, H, Sillard, R, Tessari, P, Kiwanuka, E, Cristini, M, Zaramella, M, Enslen, M, Garcia rodenas, C, Yazawa, M, Imai, Y, Ohmura, E, Tsuchida, A, Matsuda, A, Hosaka, D, Horie, H, Ichita, M, Hisano, Y, Woodhead, S, Xu, W, Chen, X, Cavalot, F, Bonomo, K, Perna, P, Bacillo, E, Salacone, P, Gallo, M, Gaia, E, Vinik, A, Yu, D, Heise, M, Freed, M, Aguilera, E, Pellitero, S, Näf, S, Bendtzen, K, Nicoletti, F, Hahn, J, Bochnig, S, Koenig, H, Sporleder, B, Maisonneuve, P, Lowenfels, A, Kerner, W, Lankisch, P, Thai, A, Mohan, V, Khalid, B, Yeo, J, Gasiorowska, A, Talar wojnarowska, R, Malecka panas, E, Schindler, K, Rieger, A, Gmeinhart, B, Schlembacher, K, Merz, P, Ludvik, B, Müller, N, Rodriguez, F, Aas, A, Seljeflot, I, Huang, C, Biswas, N, Hashimoto, N, Kamatani, Y, Suzuki, Y, Yagui, K, Saito, Y, Iwai, R, Takahashi, H, Yoshida, S, Skowronski, M, Zozulinska, D, Juszczyk, J, Wierusz wysocka, B, Peterkova, V, Kuraeva, T, Scherbacheva, L, Andrianova, E, Maximova, V, Titovich, E, Danne, T, Bittner, C, Hanaire broutin, H, Schumicki, D, Souhami, E, Morrison, G, Purewal, T, Weston, P, Šmahelová, A, Rušavý, Z, Kožnarová, R, Loyková, V, Bělobrádková, J, Devries, J, Retnakaran, R, Hochman, J, Melki, V, Zinman, B, Corbi, S, Costanza, F, Fioriti, E, Cappa, M, Jaroň, M, Martínek, V, Piechatzek, R, Klaff, L, Prager, R, Robinson, A, Penfornis, A, Thomas, R, Selam, J, Sola gazagnes, A, Vitacolonna, E, Canonico, V, Fabietti, P, Iorio, M, Orsini Federici, M, Timi, A, Massi Benedetti, M, Sarti, E, Ashwell, S, Gebbie, J, Siebenhofer, A, Plank, J, Berghold, A, Horvath, K, Mrak, P, Jeitler, K, Pieber, T, Heller, S, Gottlieb, P, Paul, J, Chase, P, Menditto, L, Antuña, R, Grimaldi, A, Brun, J, Vialettes, B, Halimi, S, Dubroca, I, Blayo, A, Gómez peralta, F, Santos mazo, E, Payeras más, F, Abreu padín, C, Santos palacios, S, Salvador rodríguez, J, Burge, M, Schroeder, E, Witthaus, E, Johnston, P, Bradley, C, Kudva, Y, Jenkins, G, Pons, G, Quandt, L, Gebel, J, Vogelsang, D, Smith, S, Isley, W, Russell jones, D, Maier, C, Mustapic, D, Schuster, E, Luger, A, Eher, R, Koznarova, R, Rubesova, I, Pelikanova, T, Skibova, J, Sanz, F, Ampudia blasco, F, Gabaldon, J, Catala, M, Carmena, R, Heinemann, L, Kronshage, B, Ward, K, Sass, D, Essenpreis, M, Voelkel, D, Lodwig, V, Nguyen, M, Mondok, A, Friedrich, C, Caduff, A, Totonelli, A, Longhitano, S, Agrò, F, Edelman, S, Morrison, Z, Velazquez, F, Howard, S, Banks, R, Berger, B, Burian, P, Nilsson, K, Karlén, M, Rylander, E, Blonde, L, Freemantle, N, Ross, S, Duhot, D, Eggertsen, R, Hobbs, F, Martinez, L, Stridde, E, Skyler, J, Tusek, C, Stephan, J, Krasner, A, Landschulz, W, Sha, S, Bott, S, Bergenstal, R, Damgé, C, Ubrich, N, Kaltenbacher, M, Maincent, P, Wutte, A, Bock, G, Balent, B, Midtgaard, A, Rønn, B, Edgerton, D, Cherrington, A, Neal, D, Scott, M, Glass, D, Bowen, L, Wilson, W, Hobbs, C, Leach, C, Sivakumaran, S, Strack, T, De Meyts, P, Aladdin, H, Palsgaard, J, Theede, A, Sajid, W, Hinrichsen, J, Klaproth, B, Lademann, J, Østergaard, J, Andersen, A, Boss, A, Cheatham, W, Pfuetzner, A, Larbig, M, Forst, S, Abdollahnia, R, Grenningloh, M, Leatherdale, B, Bartley, E, Schwartz, S, Buchea, O, Hoss, U, Shah, R, Endo, T, Hata, S, Yamazaki, H, Hernandez Campos, S, Busciantella Ricci, N, Kaufman, F, Halvorson, M, Carpenter, S, Cooper, K, Mueller, J, Van Wasen, H, Brumberg, J, Rduch, K, Mertens, S, Reeß, F, Renz, H, Maran, A, Sparacino, G, Pavanini, A, Corazza, S, Crepaldi, M, Poscia, A, Acosta, D, Salcedo, D, Delgado, E, Novoa, J, Hawkins, F, Parramón, M, Mesa, J, Parhimovich, R, Darko, D, Odusanya, P, Pullen, F, Mukherjee, S, Child, D, Redkin, Y, Dreval, A, Bogomolov, V, Östgren, C, Grodzinsky, E, Lindström, K, Borgquist, L, Fegan, G, Hamliton, P, Mccrimmon, R, Evans, M, Fan, X, Ding, Y, Sherwin, R, Boomsma, F, Pramming, S, Fischer, B, Soydan, N, Eckhard, M, Saar, P, Kreuder, J, Linn, T, Holstein, A, Plaschke, A, Ptak, M, Egberts, E, El din, J, Kirchheiner, J, Hoashi, S, Khamis, A, Kilbane, M, Cannon, D, Gribben, A, Firth, R, Kinsley, B, Cranston, I, De Galan, B, De Mol, P, Wennekes, L, Due andersen, R, Lundkvist, J, Jönsson, L, Mukhopadhyay, B, Deans, K, Kesson, C, Jendrike, N, Buck, H, Abicht, A, Haug, C, Freckmann, G, Warren, R, Sommerfield, A, Allen, K, Deary, I, Frier, B, Høi hansen, T, Wu, A, Holtman, V, Tenberken, O, Maurer, H, Al zakwani, I, Bullano, M, Baron, J, Willey, V, Nattrass, M, Kurtzhals, P, Colding jorgensen, M, Massi benedetti, M, Murray, F, Lin, Z, Kølendorf, K, Prasek, M, Philotheou, A, Javashvili, L, Virsaladze, D, Kajaia, N, Raposo, J, Pratas, S, Fernandes, C, Valadas, C, Duarte, R, Gardete correia, L, Locatelli, M, Patera, I, Bottazzo, G, Hadjidakis, D, Mylonakis, A, Raptis, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Hedman, C, Frystyk, J, Fridell, K, Jönsson, A, Lindström, T, Saito, M, Eto, M, Kaku, K, Stotzka, M, Stein, G, Prince, M, Kulzer, B, Scholze, A, Hermanns, N, Kubiak, T, Starostina, E, Shavrikova, E, Furuhashi, N, Hirose, T, Kuroda, M, Kimura, M, Ishizawa, M, Sarui, H, Takeda, N, Furuta, T, Drewelow, S, Lindloh, C, Paddison, C, Faimalie, M, Flett, R, Micheletti, S, Perelli Cippo, P, Mantovani, L, Su, M, Trento, M, Bajardi, M, Passera, P, Miselli, V, Tomalino, M, Borgo, E, Cavallo, F, Porta, M, Miclea, S, Bogatean, M, Hancu, N, Leppert, K, Muller, U, Rittmeier, H, Mchorney, C, Myers, J, Reinecker, H, Meier, J, Gallwitz, B, Askenas, M, Vollmer, K, Schmidt, W, Kyrou, I, Souvatzoglou, E, Cseh, K, Baranyi, E, Kaszas, E, Szocs, A, Melczer, Z, Sikter, M, Szenthe, P, Palik, E, Hajos, P, Pogatsa, G, Winkler, G, Pardo, I, Barros filho, A, Jahan, S, Huq, F, Biswas, K, Chowdhury, T, Khan, A, Ritterath, C, Talai Rad, N, Siegmund, T, Heinze, T, Henrich, W, Siebert, G, Dudenhausen, J, Buhling, K, Kautzky willer, A, Mustafa, S, Winzer, C, Vukovich, T, Shaat, N, Ekelund, M, Lernmark, Å, Ivarsson, S, Zmudzinska, M, Bronisz, A, Pufal, M, Junik, R, Beran, D, Toledano, Y, Giveon, S, Kahan, E, Aycheh, S, Guttman, N, Jaffe, A, Alberti, H, Boudriga, N, Nabli, M, Jaiveer, S, Jaiveer, P, Shaikh, S, Gopinath, A, Morrissey, J, Patel, V, Lenz, M, Dvoynishnikova, O, Mayorov, A, Galstyan, G, Antsiferov, M, Dedov, I, Rybarczyk, M, Scalone, L, Palmer, A, Morgutti, M, Valentine, W, Renaudin, C, Roze, S, Morsanutto, A, Berto, P, Lopatriello, S, Voinovich, D, Gelisio, R, Brändie, M, Russ, W, Greiner, R, Rodríguez, J, Rubio Terrés, C, De Pablos, P, Smith, I, Morgan, C, Tsutskiridze, L, Haag, B, Delbuono, B, Silva, C, Fox, A, Padilla, V, Naraine, K, Cypryk, K, Szymczak, W, Szosland, K, Sobczak, M, Zawodniak szalapska, M, Lewinski, A, Schvarcz, E, Lindqvist, A, Stenninger, E, Östlund, I, Åman, J, Lapolla, A, Dalfrà, M, Di Benedetto, A, Dolci, M, Franzetti, I, Masotti, M, Napoli, A, Salietti, G, Santini, C, Tortul, C, Di Cianni, G, Popow, C, Waldhör, T, Horn, W, Biermann, E, Rihl, J, Riedl, M, Kastner, P, Kollmann, A, Pusch, W, Schreier, G, Hearnshaw, H, Lowe, P, Griffiths, F, Stapperfend, M, Baehring, T, Cosson, E, Benchimol, M, Carbillon, L, Pariès, J, Lormeau, B, Pharisien, I, Tourel, E, Uzan, M, Attali, J, Zabarovskaya, Z, Mulyarchik, O, Barsukov, A, Guseva, T, Begum, K, Haque, L, Bokor, A, Rigó, J, Garamvölgyi, Z, Pusztai, P, Somogyi, A, Hanson, U, Nyström, L, Blohmó, G, Ekbom schnell, A, Östman, J, Persson, B, Parretti, E, Cioni, R, Marzari, C, Masin, M, Scarselli, G, Mello, G, Seghieri, G, De Bellis, A, Anichini, R, Alviggi, L, Franconi, F, Breschi, C, Dworacka, M, Wender ożegowska, E, Winiarska, H, Macugowska, M, Zawiejska, A, Bobkiewicz kozłowska, T, Pietryga, M, Brązert, J, Bousboulas, S, Politakis, P, Papadimitriou, P, Lyu, R, Yin, D, Green, A, Kristensen, J, Rodríguez saldaña, J, Clark, C, Morales De Teresa, M, Escorza domínguez, A, Ortiz gress, A, Monroy mayorga, A, Mejía pedraza, B, Seeliger, S, Kaiser, J, Müller, E, Maxion bergemann, S, Bergemann, R, Goertz, A, Shearer, A, Bagust, A, Schoeffski, O, Shestakova, M, Balabolkin, M, Chugunova, L, Shamkhalova, M, Zaytseva, N, Naumenkova, I, Brevnova, N, Tsibina, L, Rosak, C, Petzoldt, R, Stammer, H, Dehmel, B, Seidel, D, Roth, W, Fennenkötter, U, Gottschall, V, Kanatsuka, A, Lauenborg, J, Jörgensen, T, Hornnes, P, Wagner, O, Zajdenverg, L, Halfoun, V, Oliveira, J, Lencioni, C, Volpe, L, Chatzianagnostou, K, Cuccuru, I, Ghio, A, Pardini, E, Salvadorini, M, Saltiki, A, Korakovouni, A, Stavrianos, H, Zapanti, E, Antsaklis, A, Pithova, P, Sporna, M, Bustani, R, Todd, D, Guerrero, R, Vázquez, M, Amaya, M, Dios, E, Quijada, D, García hernández, N, Astorga, R, Gandhi, R, Jayawarna, C, Fernando, D, Hill, R, Lloyd mostyn, R, Thomson, G, Rewers, A, Bothner, J, Klingensmith, G, Sysoyeva, O, Karlovich, N, Rankins, D, Wellard, M, Werther, G, Northam, E, Kordonouri, O, Haberland, H, Hauschild, M, Kapellen, T, Kraft, V, Wiemann, D, Lange, K, Witte, D, Laude, D, Dabire, H, Hadj Brahim, F, Papanas, N, Papatheodorou, K, Christakidis, D, Papazoglou, D, Giassakis, G, Piperidou, H, Monastiriotis, H, Maltezos, E, Barrett, C, Serghides, H, Tindali, H, Kelly, F, Chiheb, S, Chen, Q, Brahimi, M, Cynober, L, Delaporte, C, Scionti, L, Conti, M, Vermigli, C, Galimberti, G, Cazzetta, G, Bosi, E, Sugimoto, K, Shoji, M, Yasujima, M, Suda, T, Yagihashi, S, Zsengeller, Z, Charniauskaya, T, Abatan, O, Kimura, I, Tsuneki, H, Hara, S, Sasaki, K, Nangle, M, Gibson, T, Yorek, M, Hirooka, H, Stevens, M, Tarhzaoui, K, Cohen boulakia, F, Smith, G, Lestrade, R, Behar, A, Komori, H, Oi, K, Takahashi, D, Kunitou, T, Moroi, M, Philips, J, Marchand, M, Geronooz, I, Scheen, A, Gambardella, S, Ciampittiello, G, Bracaglia, D, Cicconetti, E, Gigli, F, Verri, C, Baroni, A, Frontoni, S, Szabó, M, Germán, M, Farkas, L, Szentendrei, D, Maiello, M, Mandica, S, Morganti, R, Menzinger, G, Bernardi, L, Aso, Y, Wakabayashi, S, Takebayashi, K, Takemura, Y, Inukai, T, Kalter leibovici, O, Lifshitz, A, Yerushalmy, Y, Stern, E, Ogawa, K, Nanjo, K, Kawamori, R, Katayama, S, Shirai, M, Fonseca, V, Seftel, A, Denne, J, Fredlund, P, Buvat, J, Schmitt, H, Van Ahlen, H, Varanese, L, Lips, J, Hoekstra, J, Banga, J, Legros, J, Lufuma, M, Bouter, K, Fan, L, Lu, J, Zheng, Y, Spruce, M, Jones, C, Coppini, D, Lavery, L, Holtz neiderer, K, Mohler, M, Wendel, C, Nixon, B, Jurado, J, Bataller, F, Dorca, A, Garcia, F, Brossa, N, Barnera, T, Pou Torelló, J, Bregovski, V, Karpova, I, Hedetoft, C, Rasmussen, A, Fabrin, J, Driver, V, Thoms, T, Jeffcoate, W, Monaghan, J, Game, F, Dalla Noce, S, Cimmino, M, Caruso, S, Manes, C, Mikoudi, K, Sossidou, E, Pigas, G, Karagianni, D, Skoutas, D, Fotiadis, S, Pruna, S, Eroshkin, I, Vasiljev, Y, Udovichenko, O, Udovichenko, A, Bondarenko, O, Dang, C, Prasad, Y, Anwar, R, Thomas, G, Lobmann, R, Motzkau, M, Pittasch, D, Lehnert, H, Piaggesi, A, Marsocci, A, Fanara, M, Rizzo, L, Palumbo, F, Campi, F, Tedeschi, A, Scatena, A, Goretti, C, Baicchi, U, Chipchase, S, Treece, K, Pound, N, Hill, N, Cyganek, K, Mirkiewicz sieradzka, B, Malecki, M, Wolkow, P, Skupien, J, Naskalska, A, Sieradzki, J, Tapp, R, Tonkin, A, Harper, A, Mccarty, D, Söderberg, S, Taylor, H, Chitson, P, Alberti, G, Sheetz, M, Aiello, L, Davis, M, Milton, R, Arora, V, Hu, K, Girach, A, Vignati, L, Tyrberg, M, Melander, A, Lindblad, U, Giannarelli, R, Coppelli, A, Sartini, M, Aragona, M, Fletcher, E, Ninkovic, S, Foster, L, Jones, D, De Gooyer, T, Stitt, A, Vingrys, A, Wilkinson berka, J, Lewandowska, A, Randeva, H, Komorowski, J, Lewandowski, K, Jurowski, P, Sankar, S, Gos, R, Kowluru, R, Odenbach, S, Shinn, S, Agardh, C, Hultberg, B, Segura, R, Fonollosa, A, Berrone, E, Beltramo, E, Solimine, C, Ubertalli, A, Islam, N, Esteve, E, Fernandez, M, Recas, I, Mauri, S, Biarnes, F, Junca, E, Fernádez real, J, Rössner, S, Stenlof, K, Levy, B, Perry, B, Fitchet, M, Chrysos, G, Kamaratos, A, Lepeniotis, G, Kokkoris, S, Varytimiadis, K, Stasini, F, Mikros, S, Gianneli, D, Tryfinopoulou, K, Melidonis, A, Nikolopoulou, C, Harley, K, Ryder, R, De, P, Vannieuwenhoven, F, Rossing, K, Oliver, N, Goldschmeding, R, Jacobsen, P, Tan, F, Liew, S, Mukherjee, J, Lim, P, Fröjdö, S, Sjölind, L, Parkkonen, M, Mäkinen, V, Tikellis, C, Nieuwenhoven, F, Macisaac, R, Tsalamandris, C, Mcneil, K, Panaiotopoulos, S, Smith, T, Ho, M, Matthews, P, Jerums, G, Hut, H, Van Den Meiracker, A, Nakhjavani, M, Behjati, J, Esteghamati, A, Esfahanian, F, Aghamohamadzadeh, N, Abbasi, M, Kohnert, K, Zander, E, Krabbe, S, Stehouwer, C, Schalkwijk, C, Krarup Hansen, T, Teppo, A, Ebeling, P, Abdella, N, Mojiminiyi, O, Al Dahi, W, Al Mohammedi, H, Al Jebely, S, Neugebauer baba, S, Baba, T, Ohashi, H, Nakajima, S, Hesselmann, C, Watanabe, T, Nargis, M, Zaid, R, Voronko, O, Tchugunova, L, Vikulova, O, Nosikov, V, Liu, L, Zheng, T, Li, M, Zhang, R, Xiang, K, Hadjadj, S, Jeunemaitre, X, Vervoort, G, Veldman, B, Berden, J, Wetzels, J, Singh, B, Holland, M, Baskar, V, Oh, J, Seo, J, Choi, K, Baik, S, Choi, D, Kim, N, Matsumoto, S, Suetsugu, M, Matsutomo, R, Pisarczyk wiza, D, Banaszak, A, Wysocki, H, Usui, H, Shikata, K, Okada, S, Ogawa, D, Yozai, K, Kido, Y, Nagase, R, Ohga, S, Tone, A, Sasaki, M, Wada, J, Unno, Y, Horiuchi, S, Mclennan, S, Kamarinos, M, Waltham, M, Dy, V, Yue, D, Zdychova, J, Komers, R, Cresci, B, Giannini, S, Manuelli, C, Giunti, S, Pinach, S, Ianni Palarchio, A, Arnaldi, L, Vittone, F, Camussi, G, Cavallo Perin, P, Gruden, G, Marshall, S, Jones, S, White, K, Brizzi, M, Dentelli, P, Rosso, A, Calvi, C, Gambino, R, Cassader, M, Salvidio, G, Deferrari, G, Pegoraro, L, Pagano, G, Cavallo perin, P, Oates, R, Ellery, C, Beebe, D, Coutcher, J, Qian, Y, Lowe, V, Appleton, T, Raunig, D, O'Neil, S, Mylari, B, Amazonas, R, Fujita, A, Doi, A, Matsuno, S, Okamoto, K, Matsumoto, E, Furuta, H, Nishi, M, Tsuno, T, Taniguchi, H, Bessho, H, Wasén, E, Isoaho, R, Mattila, K, Vahlberg, T, Kivelä, S, Irjala, K, Rigalleau, V, Lasseur, C, Perlemoine, C, Barthes, N, Raffaitin, C, Chauveau, P, Combe, C, Baillet blanco, L, Beauvieux, M, Gin, H, Heinrich, S, Steiner, T, Ott, U, Holdass, H, Fellström, B, Jardine, A, Staffler, B, Logan, J, Gimpelewicz, C, Stanciu, C, Pena, C, Serafinceanu, C, González posada, J, Hernández, D, Pérez tamajó, L, Ló, A, Herná Alarcó, M, Meneses, M, Barsotti, M, Rizzo, G, Schmauss, S, Havrdova, T, Saudek, F, Boucek, P, Adamec, M, Invitti, C, Gilardini, L, Parati, G, Mazzilli, G, Pontiggia, B, Sartorio, A, Lutgers, H, Groenier, K, Zasadzinska, G, Saryusz wolska, M, Kurktschiev, D, Majdrakova, I, Varbanova, T, Todorova, B, Bajo martinez, A, Bernal, E, Sanchez, O, Ugalde canitrot, A, Sanchez largo, E, Coca robinot, D, Fabregate, R, Calbacho, M, Marquez, J, Saban ruiz, J, Penesova, A, Cizmarova, E, Blazicek, P, De Jongh, R, Serné, E, Ijzerman, R, De Vries, G, Andersen, N, Knudsen, S, Helleberg, K, Mogensen, C, Waluś, M, Idzior waluś, B, Sztefko, K, Cieślik, G, Fedak, D, Wozniakiewicz, E, Lin, S, Guo, M, Lin, C, Liu, X, Francisco, M, Rodriguez rosas, H, Peiró martinez, I, Macías batista, A, Harte, A, Rodriguez cuenca, S, Valsamakis, G, Chetty, R, Anderson, L, Roca, P, Matyka, K, Lasalle, J, Hershon, K, Berman, L, Gibson, E, Gillen, D, Maroni, J, Simmons, D, Hiukka, A, Forder, P, Leinonen, E, Hilden, H, Fruchart, J, Keech, A, Farnier, M, Freeman, M, Macdonell, G, Perevozskaya, I, Mitchel, Y, Gumbiner, B, Didangelos, T, Athyros, V, Mikhailidis, D, Papageorgiou, A, Bouloukos, V, Pehlivanidis, A, Symeonidis, A, Elisaf, M, Mckenney, J, Insull, W, Lewin, A, Maccubbin, D, Kush, D, Schuster, H, Barter, P, Stender, S, Bonnet, J, Morrell, J, Watkins, C, Kallend, D, Stalenhoef, A, Ballantyne, C, Murin, J, Tonstad, S, Rose, H, Wilpshaar, W, Jenkins, A, Karschimkus, C, Dragicevic, G, Rowley, K, Wolthers, T, Best, J, Voet, B, Murdoch, S, Marcovina, S, Brunzell, J, Caparevic, Z, Kostic, N, Ilic, S, Sartore, G, Piarulli, F, Cantaro, S, Reitano, R, Fiore, C, Marin, R, Bassan, S, Manzato, E, Fedele, D, Solini, A, Santini, E, Thornalley, P, Babaei jadidi, R, Karachalias, N, Kupich, C, Ahmed, N, Fowler, A, Baker, A, Starczynski, J, O'Hare, P, Szepietowska, B, Szelachowska, M, Puch, U, Glebocka, A, Quinn, D, Mcternan, C, Bonser, R, Idzior walus, B, Woźniakiewicz, E, Dimitriou, K, Apostolou, O, Kontela, E, Devangelio, E, Gould, E, Serri, O, Roussin, A, Buithieu, J, Mamputu, J, Renier, G, Giordanetti, S, De Amici, E, Poggi, G, Turpini, C, Fratino, P, Garzaniti, A, Banu, I, Paries, J, Roman, G, Negrean, M, Bala, C, Nita, C, Kistorp, C, Gustafsson, F, Chong, A, Lip, G, Galatius, S, Ari, N, Sahilli, M, Ceylan isık, A, Ozansoy, G, Karasu yilmaz, C, Matteucci, E, Rosada, J, Pallini, M, Evangelista, I, Cassetti, G, Giusti, C, Giampietro, O, Capaldo, B, Galderisi, M, Cicala, S, Turco, A, Imbroinise, A, Nosso, G, D'Errico, A, De Divitiis, O, Klimontov, V, Korolyova, E, Jeltova, L, Bondar, I, Tarkun, I, Arslan, B, Canturk, Z, Tarkun, P, Agacdiken, A, Komsuoglu, B, Méneveau, N, Pierre justin, E, Alsayed, M, Sabbah, R, Paulin, S, Marcu, S, Tauveron, I, Zimmermann, C, Schiele, F, Seronde, M, Vautrin, P, Lusson, J, Thieblot, P, Bernard, Y, Mistry, A, Pye, M, Peovska, I, Maksimovic Pavlovic, J, Vavlukis, M, Pop Gorceva, D, Bosevski, M, Scognamiglio, R, Negut, C, De Kreutzenberg, S, Madonna, R, De Caterina, R, Willerson, J, Geng, Y, Vahsen, S, Ledwig, D, Ramrath, S, Frantz, S, Schmidt, I, Calvillo, L, Dienesch, C, Elbing, I, Bischoff, H, Ertl, G, Bauersachs, J, Davydov, A, Mkrtum'Yan, A, Baranova, L, Ikeda, Y, Suehiro, T, Osaki, F, Ota, K, Arii, K, Kumon, Y, Hashimoto, K, Doney, A, Morris, A, Palmer, C, Byun, S, Doo, H, Pagnin, E, Calo, L, Fadini, G, Kubaszek, A, Chai, S, Chai, Q, Rasmussen, L, Ledet, T, Wogensen, L, Lengyel, C, Varró, A, Virág, L, Magyar, J, Bíró, T, Jost, N, Skoumal, R, Nánási, P, Tóth, M, Horkay, F, Papp, J, Zacharopoulou, O, Athanaselis, S, Tsokos, N, Doupis, J, Psallas, M, Cokkinos, D, Pavlatos, S, Liatis, S, Akhobadze, T, Dzneladze, L, Samarguliani, I, Taskiran, M, Rasmussen, V, Jensen, G, Fisher, A, Petrovsky, N, Srikusalanukul, W, Budge, M, Trifunovic zamaklar, D, Zivkovic, M, Jelic, V, Vukomanovic, G, Ristic, A, Seferovic, P, Costa, J, Duarte, S, Manley, S, Sailesh, S, Venkataraman, A, Haider, Y, Groza, I, Oprean, M, Ardelean, A, Morosanu, A, Darkow, T, Vanderplas, A, Mamas, M, Mcelduff, P, Burns, J, Edwards, R, Fitchet, A, Young, R, Gibson, J, Lichiardopol, R, Niculescu, N, Totora, A, Pencea, C, Tomescu, I, Cinteza, M, Manicardi, V, Coscelli, C, Navazio, A, Catellani, E, Michelini, M, Dall'Asta, D, Guberti, A, Piazza, A, Gasparini, E, Pantaleoni, M, Guiducci, U, Manari, A, Sejil, S, Janand delenne, B, Avierinos, J, Habib, G, Labastie, N, Vague, P, Lassmann vague, V, Luźniak, P, Tatoń, J, Wojciechowska Luźniak, A, Zairis, M, Lyras, A, Patsourakos, N, Tsirimbis, V, Foussas, S, Lupón, J, Urrutia, A, Herreros, J, González, B, Coll, R, Altimir, S, Prats, M, Valle, V, Abreu padí, C, Rábago, G, Ivanova, L, Brasacchio, D, Harno, E, Keenan, A, Li, H, Lu, Z, Ke, L, Liu, H, Jeong, I, Chae, M, Choi, M, Yoo, H, Kim, C, Yun, M, Na, M, Kang, Y, Kong, O, Son, S, Kim, I, Tanaka, N, Hosoi, M, Matsuyama, Y, Fukumoto, M, Yamakita, T, Yoshioka, K, Ishii, T, Sato, T, Fujii, S, Aoki, T, Shibata, T, Mizutani, N, Suzuki, J, Fowelin, J, Samuelsson, P, Brandrup wogsen, G, Okumura, K, Tokmakova, A, Staroverova, D, Antcieferov, M, Shutichina, I, Kuntchevich, G, Vriesendorp, T, Morélis, Q, Legemate, D, Schaper, F, Mainas, E, Gkioulmpasanis, I, Panagiotou, I, Vassilikos, G, Skorda, L, Sidira, M, Christoforidou, M, Alaveras, A, Artikis, V, Evdemon, E, Lechleitner, M, Koch, T, Ebenbichler, C, Sturm, W, Moretti, L, Moruzzo, D, Boldrini, E, Pandolfo, C, Kameyama, M, Iwasa, R, Cho, M, Nam, J, Huh, K, Kaplar, M, Paragh, G, Erdei, A, Csongradi, E, Garai, I, Varga, J, Galuska, L, Udvardy, M, Higa, M, Kaneko, Y, Hiroi, N, Koziarska, D, Nowacki, P, Majkowska, L, Luzniak, P, Wojciechowska luźniak, A, Tushuizen, M, Nieuwland, R, Snoeck, D, Sturk, A, Diamant, M, Aguiar, L, Bahia, L, Villela, N, Laflor, C, Conde, C, Bottino, D, Dorigo, D, Bouskela, E, Pu, S, Luo, Z, Lam, K, Dan, Q, Xu, A, Shen, J, Cheng, K, Xu, J, Thamer, C, Stefan, N, Haap, M, Heller, E, Tschritter, O, De Prado, A, Ortiz, A, Ybarra, J, Gich, I, Pou, J, Ehren, M, Roggenland, D, Reinsen, B, Klein, H, Rittig, K, Stock, J, Kocher, B, Balletshofer, B, Shon, H, Chung, D, Nakatani, Y, Matsuhisa, M, Kaneto, H, Hatazaki, M, Yoshiuchi, K, Katakami, N, Kawamori, D, Ohtoshi, K, Sakamoto, K, Matsuoka, T, Ozawa, K, Ogawa, S, Hori, M, Yamasaki, Y, Zitouni, K, Harry, D, Nourooz zadeh, J, Earle, K, Olesen, P, Franco, L, Corvaja, C, Semplicini, A, Ceylan işık, A, Arı, N, Rösen, P, Lee, I, Park, K, Jung, E, Shin, D, Jo, S, Obuobie, K, Prakash, P, Hanna, F, Lazarus, J, Varadhan, L, Gurushankar, J, James, D, Sheikh, S, Gaede, P, Zou, D, Vilarrasa, N, Perez maraver, M, Mena, E, Perez, D, Setti, G, Buckingham, R, Urbančič, V, Stefanovska, A, Bernjak, A, Ažman juvan, K, Kocijančič, A, Glowania, A, Filters, T, Fosmark, D, Torjesen, P, Kilhovd, B, Berg, T, Sandvik, L, Hanssen, K, Mentink, C, Donchenko, G, Stepanenko, S, Maingrette, F, Deng, H, Lindenmair, A, Freudenthaler, A, Baumgartner parzer, S, Nizheradze, K, Khoruzhenko, A, Tronko, N, Sheu, W, Ou, H, Shen, H, Lin, T, Wu, H, Yang, C, Mogylnytska, L, Schmoelzer, I, Davies, J, Band, M, Struthers, A, Prázný, M, Škrha, J, Kasalová, Z, Neelotpol, S, Jahan, P, Kauschke, S, Harrop, C, Schäfer, A, Widder, J, Eigenthaler, M, Walter, U, Uchimura, I, Ikebukuro, M, Kaibara, M, Hirata, M, Helal, R, Pervin, F, Yang, X, Jansson, P, Nagaev, I, Jack, M, Carvalho, E, Sunnerhagen, K, Cam, M, Cushman, S, Smith, U, Creely, S, Farmer, J, Gustafson, B, Kusminski, C, Krusinova, E, Wohl, P, Klementova, M, Lanska, V, Mcdougall, C, Kelly, I, Abbas, Z, Lutale, J, Archibald, L, Karunajeewa, H, Stingemore, N, Stuccio, G, Mcgechie, D, Muller, L, Hak, E, Goudzwaard, W, Montorsi, F, Homering, M, Sprenger, K, Goldstein, I, Asnaghi, V, Ferrari, G, Rastaldi, M, Gabellini, D, Dell'Antonio, G, Maestroni, A, Ruggieri, D, Luzi, L, Piemonti, L, Zerbini, G, Anafaroglu, I, Tutuncu, N, Sultana, M, Siddiqua, N, Iwasaki, T, Nakajima, A, Yoneda, M, Mukasa, K, Tanaka, S, and Sekihara, H
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, EASD, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Family medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Published: 2004

40. Oxidative stress induces nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of pancreatic transcription factor PDX-1 through activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase

Author: Yoshio Fujitani, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Hirotaka Watada, Hideaki Kaneto, Masatsugu Hori, Ingo B. Leibiger, Takeshi Miyatsuka, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Dan Kawamori, and Yutaka Umayahara
Subjects: endocrine system, Cytoplasm, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Nuclear Localization Signals, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Oxidative phosphorylation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Leucine, Internal Medicine, medicine, NLS, Animals, Nuclear export signal, Transcription factor, Cells, Cultured, Cell Nucleus, Homeodomain Proteins, Kinase, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Biological Transport, Cell biology, Enzyme Activation, Oxidative Stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Trans-Activators, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Pancreas, Nuclear localization sequence, Oxidative stress, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Oxidative stress is induced in pancreatic beta-cells under diabetic conditions and causes beta-cell dysfunction. Antioxidant treatment of diabetic animals leads to recovery of insulin biosynthesis and increases the expression of its controlling transcription factor, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), in pancreatic beta-cells. Here, we show that PDX-1 is translocated from the nuclei to the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta-cells in response to oxidative stress. When oxidative stress was charged upon beta-cell-derived HIT-T15 cells, both endogenous PDX-1 and exogenously introduced green fluorescent protein-tagged PDX-1 moved from the nuclei to the cytoplasm. The addition of a dominant negative form of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibited oxidative stress-induced PDX-1 translocation, suggesting an essential role of JNK in mediating this phenomenon. Whereas the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in PDX-1 was not affected by oxidative stress, leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of the classical leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES), inhibited nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of PDX-1 induced by oxidative stress. Moreover, we identified an NES at position 82-94 of the mouse PDX-1 protein. Thus, our present results revealed a novel mechanism that negatively regulates PDX-1 function. The identification of the NES, which overrides the function of the NLS in an oxidative stress-responsive, JNK-dependent manner, supports the complicated regulation of PDX-1 function in vivo and may further the understanding of beta-cell pathophysiology in diabetes.
Published: 2003

41. Pdx1 expression in Irs2-deficient mouse beta-cells is regulated in a strain-dependent manner

Author: Michael S. German, Ryozo Nagai, Teiichiro Koga, Ryuzo Kawamori, Kajuro Komeda, Hideaki Kaneto, Kazuyuki Tobe, Yasuo Terauchi, Takashi Kadowaki, Ryo Suzuki, Christopher V.E. Wright, K. Azuma, Hirotaka Watada, Takashi Taguchi, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Kazuhiro Eto, Satoshi Kimura, Toshimasa Yamauchi, and Naoto Kubota
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Transgene, medicine.medical_treatment, Blotting, Western, Down-Regulation, Mice, Transgenic, digestive system, Biochemistry, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Insulin resistance, Downregulation and upregulation, Species Specificity, Internal medicine, Insulin Secretion, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Molecular Biology, Regulation of gene expression, Homeodomain Proteins, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Phosphoproteins, Animal Feed, Immunohistochemistry, IRS2, Hypoglycemia, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Glucose, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins, Trans-Activators, PDX1, GLUT2, RNA, Female
Abstract: We previously demonstrated that Irs2-/- mice develop diabetes due to beta-cell growth failure and insulin resistance; however, glucose-induced insulin secretion was increased in islets isolated from Irs2-/- mice. Pdx-1, a transcription factor important for maintenance of the beta-cell function, was recently reported to be severely reduced in Irs2-/- murine beta-cells. We report herein that Pdx-1 expression, including the amount of Pdx-1 localized in the nucleus, is not down-regulated in our Irs2-/- murine beta-cells with a C57BL/6 background. We have also demonstrated the expression of upstream genes of Pdx-1, such as HNF3beta and HNF1alpha, as well as its downstream genes, including insulin, Glut2, and Nkx6.1, to be well preserved. We have further demonstrated Pdx-1 expression to also be preserved in beta-cells of 30-week-old diabetic Irs2-/- mice. In addition, surprisingly, even in Irs2-/- mice on a high fat diet with markedly elevated blood glucose, exceeding 400 mg/dl, Pdx-1 expression was not reduced. Furthermore, we found Pdx-1 to be markedly decreased in certain severely diabetic Irs2-/- mice with a mixed C57BL/6J x 129Sv background. We conclude that 1) Pdx-1 expression in Irs2-/- mice is regulated in a strain-dependent manner, 2) Irs2-/- mice develop diabetes associated with beta-cell growth failure even when Pdx1 expression is preserved, and 3) Pdx-1 expression is preserved in severely hyperglycemic Irs2-/- mice with a C57BL/6 background on a high fat diet.
Published: 2003

42. Association of NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox gene variation with advanced carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese type 2 diabetes

Author: Yoji Hazama, Masatsugu Hori, Ken’ya Sakamoto, Rieko Hayaishi-Okano, Kentaro Ohtoshi, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Dan Kawamori, Takeshi Miyatsuka, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Naoto Katakami, and Masahiro Hatazaki
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, Asymptomatic, Insulin resistance, Asian People, Japan, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Pancreatic hormone, Aged, Ultrasonography, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Polymorphism, Genetic, business.industry, NADPH Dehydrogenase, Deoxyguanosine, Genetic Variation, Membrane Transport Proteins, NADPH Oxidases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Phosphoproteins, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Carotid Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, NAD(P)H oxidase, 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine, Female, medicine.symptom, Insulin Resistance, business, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Diabetic Angiopathies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the association between the C242T polymorphism of the p22 phox gene, an essential component of NAD(P)H oxidase in the vasculature, with intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery and risk factors for atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—C242T polymorphism of the p22 phox gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism in 200 Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects and 215 nondiabetic subjects. We examined the association with this mutation and carotid atherosclerosis as well as the patients’ clinical characteristics and the level of 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as an index of oxidative DNA damage. RESULTS—The diabetic subjects with the TC+TT genotypes displayed a significantly lower average IMT (1.13 ± 0.31 vs. 1.31 ± 0.34 mm; P = 0.0099) and a not significantly lower serum 8-OHdG level than those with the CC genotype, despite no difference in the risk factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the risk factors for increased IMT in the diabetic subjects were systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0042) and p22 phox CC genotype (P = 0.0151). In nondiabetic subjects, the average IMT of the TC+TT group was not different from that of the CC group (0.85 ± 0.14 vs. 0.94 ± 0.30 mm, P = 0.417). Fasting plasma insulin concentration (41.4 ± 15.6 vs. 64.2 ± 59.4 pmol/l, P = 0.0098) and insulin resistance index of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) (1.58 ± 0.66 vs. 2.60 ± 2.56, P = 0.0066) were significantly lower in the TC+TT group than in the CC group. CONCLUSIONS—These results show that the C242T mutation in the p22 phox gene is associated with progression of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and is also associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects.
Published: 2003

43. Elevated C-reactive protein associates with early-stage carotid atherosclerosis in young subjects with type 1 diabetes

Author: K. Kosugi, Masatsugu Hori, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Rieko Hayaishi-Okano, Norikiyo Nishikawa, Akio Kuroda, Munehide Matsuhisa, Naoto Katakami, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Shin-ichi Gorogawa, and Kentaro Ohtoshi
Subjects: Adult, Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Vasculitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Immunopathology, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Type 1 diabetes, biology, business.industry, C-reactive protein, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Endocrinology, C-Reactive Protein, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Intima-media thickness, Multivariate Analysis, biology.protein, Cardiology, Female, Complication, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: OBJECTIVE—To evaluate whether low-grade inflammation contributes to early-stage advanced carotid atherosclerosis in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The mean and maximum (max) intima-media thicknesses (IMT) of the carotid artery were assessed using ultrasound B-mode imaging in 55 patients with type 1 diabetes (22 men and 33 women, aged 22.1 ± 3.6 years (± SD), duration of diabetes 14.2 ± 5.7 years) and 75 age-matched healthy nondiabetic subjects (28 men and 47 women). High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured with a latex-enhanced immunonephelometer. RESULTS—The patients with type 1 diabetes had significantly higher hs-CRP levels (median 0.35, range 0.05–1.47 mg/l vs. median 0.14, range 0.05–1.44 mg/l; P = 0.001) as well as significantly higher mean IMT and max IMT than the nondiabetic subjects (mean IMT 0.76 ± 0.09 vs. 0.72 ± 0.04 mm, P = 0.003; max IMT 0.84 ± 0.11 vs. 0.77 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.0001). Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with the mean and max IMT of patients with type 1 diabetes and with the max IMT of nondiabetic patients. Multivariate regression analyses for both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects as a single group showed that hs-CRP levels are independently correlated with the mean IMT and max IMT levels (P = 0.002 and P = 0.023, respectively) as well as with diastolic blood pressure, sex, and duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—Our data indicate that hs-CRP levels are elevated in young patients with type 1 diabetes, possibly corresponding with early-stage advanced carotid atherosclerosis.
Published: 2002

44. Size-related and size-unrelated functional heterogeneity among pancreatic islets

Author: Toru Aizawa, Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Satoko Yamada, Keishi Yamauchi, Kiyoshi Hashizume, Tomoko Nishizawa, Nobuo Itoh, Toshihiko Yada, Yoshihiko Sato, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Minoru Nagai, Hiroki Yajima, Hiroya Hidaka, Hiroshi Matsukawa, and Mitsuhisa Komatsu
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, medicine.medical_treatment, Cell, In Vitro Techniques, Glucagon, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Islets of Langerhans, Internal medicine, Glucokinase, medicine, Animals, Insulin, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Rats, Wistar, Incubation, Glucose Transporter Type 2, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, Pancreatic islets, General Medicine, Islet, Insulin oscillation, Rats, Perfusion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Calcium
Abstract: Functional heterogeneity of pancreatic islets was systematically analyzed for the first time using freshly isolated single rat pancreatic islets. First, 60 islets were sequentially exposed to 3, 9.4, 15.6, and 24.1 mM glucose for 30 min each in incubation experiments: 36 (60%) responded in a concentration-dependent and 19 (32%) in an all-or-none manner, and 5 (8%) islets did not respond to high glucose. As a group, the larger the islet, the higher the beta cell glucose sensitivity. However, glucose-stimulated elevation of [Ca2+]i in the beta cell. insulin/glucagon ratio in the islet, and expression of glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, and pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1 in the beta cell were not significantly related to islet size. Second, 50 islets were stimulated with 16.7 mM glucose in perifusion. A biphasic insulin release was found in 39 (78%), and no or little first phase response in 11 (22%) islets, irrespective of the islet size. Nevertheless, when the response was plotted as a group, it was clearly biphasic. Islet size, insulin content and the amount of insulin release were positively correlated with each other. In conclusion, there are size-related and size-unrelated functional diversity among pancreatic islets. The reason for such heterogeneity remained to be determined.
Published: 2001

45. Evaluation of gut motility in type II diabetes by the radiopaque marker method

Author: Takafumi Tsujino, Munehide Matsuhisa, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Takao Watarai, Michihiko Kishimoto, Masahiko Ikeda, Hideaki Kaneto, Motoyuki Iida, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, and Masatsugu Hori
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Colon, Coefficient of variation, Posture, Motility, Administration, Oral, Contrast Media, Autonomic Nervous System, Gastroenterology, Electrocardiography, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Intestine, Small, medicine, Humans, Acetaminophen, Hepatology, business.industry, Stomach, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Small intestine, Radiography, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, business, Complication, Gastrointestinal Motility, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: The clinical usefulness of the radiopaque marker method for detecting diabetic gastrointestinal motility disturbances, was evaluated by examining 21 type II diabetes subjects who did not have any neuropathic symptoms. Methods: After administration of a Sitzmark capsule®, markers were located using plain abdominal radiographs, and the transit time of the markers through seven areas of digestive tract was calculated by Arhan’s methods. The plasma concentration of acetaminophen at 45 min after oral administration was measured to evaluate gastric emptying time. The coefficient of variation of R-R intervals on the electrocardiograms (CVR-R) was measured to evaluate parasympathetic autonomic function. Results: In the diabetics, the average (± SD) transit time through upper digestive tracts was slightly but not significantly elongated compared with control subjects (14.4 ± 8.3 vs 9.9 ± 6.1 h). Significant elongation was observed in transit time through the lower digestive tracts or the whole gut (44.6 ± 20.9 and 57.9 ± 22.3 h, respectively) compared with control subjects (23.3 ± 8.5 and 33.2 ± 11.0 h). The transit time of the markers from stomach to small intestine was highly correlated (r = 0.693) with plasma concentration of acetaminophen. The transit time through either the whole colon (r = 0.564) or the whole gut (r = 0.630) was highly correlated with CVR-R. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the radiopaque marker method is a useful tool for detecting the sections of the digestive tract responsible for gut motility disturbances. In type II diabetics with no neuropathic symptoms, the lower digestive tracts may deteriorate prior to the impairment of upper digestive tracts.
Published: 2000

46. Important role of the hepatic vagus nerve in glucose uptake and production by the liver

Author: Masahiko Ikeda, Minoru Kubota, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, M. Hori, Itsuro Nakahara, Munehide Matsuhisa, Akio Kuroda, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Yuichi Shiba, Motoyuki Iida, and Tadahiro Tomita
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glucose uptake, medicine.medical_treatment, Carbohydrate metabolism, Vagotomy, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Glucokinase, medicine, Animals, Insulin, business.industry, Fatty Acids, Vagus Nerve, Metabolism, Glucose clamp technique, Rats, Postprandial, Glucose, Basal (medicine), Liver, Glucose Clamp Technique, business, Glycogen
Abstract: We examined the role of the hepatic vagus nerve in hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism. To assess endogenous glucose production (EGP), hepatic uptake of first-pass glucose infused intraportally (HGU), and the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR), rats were subjected to hepatic vagotomy (HV, n = 7) or sham operation (SH, n = 8), after 10 days, they were then subjected to a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp together with a portal glucose load in the 24-hour fasting state. Metabolic parameters were determined by the dual-tracer method using stable isotopes. During the experiment, [6,6-2H2]glucose was continuously infused into the peripheral vein. To maintain euglycemia (4.5 mmol/L), insulin (54 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and glucose were infused peripherally after the 90-minute tracer equilibration and 30-minute basal periods, and glucose containing 5% enriched [U-13C]glucose was infused intraportally (50 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) for 120 minutes (clamp period). EGP was significantly higher in HV rats versus SH rats during the basal period (64.3 +/- 7.6 v 43.6 +/- 5.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .005)) and was comparable to EGP in SH rats during the clamp period (9.3 +/- 21.5 v 1.1 +/- 11.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). HGU was reduced in HV rats compared with SH rats during portal glucose infusion (5.9 +/- 2.4 v 10.1 +/- 3.2 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). The MCR in HV rats was significantly higher than in SH rats in the basal period (11.0 +/- 2.0 v 7.9 +/- 0.8 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .01)) and was comparable to the MCR in SH rats during the clamp period (41.9 +/- 10.0 and 36.6 +/- 5.7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)). We conclude that innervation of the hepatic vagus nerve is important for the regulation of hepatic glucose production in the postabsorptive state and HGU in the postprandial state.
Published: 2000

47. Suppression of Insulin Gene Promoter Activity by Oxidative Stress

Author: Hideaki Kaneto, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Masatsugu Hori, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Promoter, medicine.disease_cause, IRS2, Insulin receptor, Endocrinology, chemistry, Transcription (biology), Glycation, Internal medicine, biology.protein, medicine, Transcription factor, Oxidative stress
Abstract: This chapter evaluates the potential effects of glycation and the consequent increase of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on β -cell function by using an in vitro model cell system. Results exhibit that glycation and the consequent increase of ROS are potential inhibitors of insulin gene transcription. The clear difference in the responses to D-ribose between the insulin gene and the β -actin gene promoters suggested that the suppression of the promoter activity can be attributed to the impairment of specific transcription factors. It is also found that the DNA-binding activity of PDX-1 is decreased in accordance with the decrease in insulin gene transcription; however, the pathophysiological significance of this phenomenon remained unknown. Several other factors, including RIPE3b1, whose activity also seem to be inhibited after chronic exposure of HIT cells to high glucose concentrations, are also involved in regulation of the insulin gene and therefore their physiological roles in determining the transcription rate of the insulin gene need to be characterized.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Beneficial effects of antioxidants in diabetes: possible protection of pancreatic beta-cells against glucose toxicity

Author: Yutaka Umayahara, Masatsugu Hori, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Yoshio Fujitani, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Hideaki Kaneto, Yuji Matsuzawa, and Yoshitaka Kajimoto
Subjects: Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Antioxidant, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, Ascorbic Acid, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, Islets of Langerhans, Mice, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Vitamin E, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Insulin, Body Weight, medicine.disease, Ascorbic acid, Mice, Mutant Strains, Acetylcysteine, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Insulin Resistance, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Oxidative stress is produced under diabetic conditions and possibly causes various forms of tissue damage in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the potential usefulness of antioxidants in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We used diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, in whom antioxidant treatment (N-acetyl-L-cysteine [NAC], vitamins C plus E, or both) was started at 6 weeks of age; its effects were evaluated at 10 and 16 weeks of age. According to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, the treatment with NAC retained glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and moderately decreased blood glucose levels. Vitamins C and E were not effective when used alone but slightly effective when used in combination with NAC. No effect on insulin secretion was observed when the same set of antioxidants was given to nondiabetic control mice. Histologic analyses of the pancreases revealed that the beta-cell mass was significantly larger in the diabetic mice treated with the antioxidants than in the untreated mice. As a possible cause, the antioxidant treatment suppressed apoptosis in beta-cells without changing the rate of beta-cell proliferation, supporting the hypothesis that in chronic hyperglycemia, apoptosis induced by oxidative stress causes reduction of beta-cell mass. The antioxidant treatment also preserved the amounts of insulin content and insulin mRNA, making the extent of insulin degranulation less evident. Furthermore, expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1), a beta-cell-specific transcription factor, was more clearly visible in the nuclei of islet cells after the antioxidant treatment. In conclusion, our observations indicate that antioxidant treatment can exert beneficial effects in diabetes, with preservation of in vivo beta-cell function. This finding suggests a potential usefulness of antioxidants for treating diabetes and provides further support for the implication of oxidative stress in beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes.
Published: 1999

49. Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy

Author: Masaaki Motomura, Tsutomu Nishida, Masatsugu Hori, Katsumi Arai, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Tsutomu Kanda, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Eiichi Imano, and Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic angiopathy, Nephropathy, Diabetic nephropathy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Troglitazone, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Diabetic Nephropathies, Chromans, Triglycerides, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Glycated Hemoglobin, C-Peptide, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Metformin, Thiazoles, Endocrinology, Cholesterol, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Creatinine, Microalbuminuria, Female, Thiazolidinediones, Glycated hemoglobin, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Although some studies have suggested a direct action of troglitazone on vascular cells, its effects on diabetic vascular diseases have not been reported. We therefore investigated the effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes associated with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] [milligrams per gram creatinine] ranging from 30 to 300 mg/g creatinine) were studied. They were randomly divided into two groups: patients treated with metformin (500 mg/day, n = 13) or with troglitazone (400 mg/day, n = 17) for 12 weeks. ACR, lipid profile, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and plasma glucose during meal-load tests were measured every 4 weeks. RESULTS Anthropometric indices (BMI and percent fat), lipid profile, and blood pressure did not change with either treatment. Fasting and postmeal glucose levels decreased similarly in the two groups. Decrements in glycated hemoglobin were greater in the metformin group at 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment (P < 0.05). Troglitazone reduced ACR (median [25–75th percentiles]) from 70 (49–195) to 40 (31–90) mg/g creatinine at 4 weeks (P = 0.021) and maintained these reduced levels throughout the treatment period (8 weeks: 35 [26–68], P = 0.007; 12 weeks: 43 [26–103], P = 0.047). Metformin did not change ACR throughout the 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that troglitazone has some effects on vascular cells other than lowering plasma glucose levels. Troglitazone might be useful for diabetic angiopathy, including nephropathy and coronary artery disease.
Published: 1998

50. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism with carotid arterial wall thickening and myocardial infarction risk in NIDDM

Author: Katsumi Arai, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Ken’ya Sakamoto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Mineo Kodama, Yutaka Umayahara, Masatsugu Hori, and Hirotaka Watada
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Myocardial Infarction, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Arterial wall, Myocardial infarction, Alleles, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2), Aged, Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors, Polymorphism, Genetic, business.industry, Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary heart disease, Pathophysiology, Endocrinology, Carotid Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, Mutation, Cardiology, Female, Thickening, Complication, business, Diabetic Angiopathies
Published: 1997

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

60 results on '"Yoshitaka Kajimoto"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources