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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is commonly known as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). BPA is widely used in production of numerous products including polycarb...

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common urinary problem facing small animal veterinarians all over the world. There are few data about the occurrence and prevalence of this condition among tomcats in Egypt, especially regarding obstructive FLUTD. Urethral obstruction was more prevalent in the Persian breed, 2-3 years old intact tomcats kept mostly on dry food with occasional access to water. This affection occurred more commonly in winter months and especially in case of aggression and stress between tomcats. Physical, haematobiochemical evaluation and urinalysis were performed for cases with obstructive FLUTD. The anatomical analysis of the urethral anatomy of tomcats revealed that the most susceptible parts of urethra for obstructions were at the prostatic and the membranous urethra, isthmus urethrae and the penile urethra. Also, anatomical data were very helpful during treatment with catheterisation. The present study throwed a light on the diagnostic evaluation and epidemiology of the obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease among tomcats at the Small animal hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Objetivo: Identificar los resultados de laboratorio asociados con el riesgo de muerte en pacientes hospitalizados por la COVID-19. Material y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes admitidos por la COVID-19 en el Hospital Nacional EsSalud Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen de Lima, entre el 21 de marzo y el 12 de mayo 2020. Las pruebas de laboratorio incluidas en el estudio fueron las del ingreso al hospital. Se hizo un análisis de Cox para determinar factores asociados con muerte. Resultados: un total de 433 pacientes fueron incluidos: 253 casos (58%) con RT-PCR positivo y 180 casos (42%) con prueba rápida de anticuerpos reactiva. El 55% (240/433) y el 59% (256/433) tuvo leucocitosis y linfopenia relativa (≤10%), respectivamente. El 56% (49/87) tuvo dímero-D mayor a dos mg/L. Cifras mayores al normal se presentaron en 39% (152/393) para urea y 19% (77/397) para creatinina, así como en 73% (228/313) para aspartato aminotransferasa y 62% (193/310) para alanina aminotransferasa. De otro lado, 54% (180/336) tuvo proteína C reactiva mayor a 150 mg/L, 42% (108/258) lactato deshidrogenasa mayor a 450 U/L y 57% (52/91) ferritina mayor a mil ng/mL De forma subsiguiente, leucocitosis (HRa 2,72; IC955; 1,12- 6,60), menos de trescientas mil plaquetas por mm3 (HRa 2,36; IC95%; 1,23-4,52), e incrementos en los valores normales de creatinina (HRa 3,03; IC95%; 1,41-6,48) como de lactato deshidrogenasa por encima de 450 U/L (HRa 2,41; IC95%; 1,29-4,49) se asociaron de forma independiente con muerte. Conclusión: la muerte de los pacientes hospitalizados por la COVID-19 fue asociada de forma independiente con leucocitosis, menos de trescientas mil plaquetas por mm3, creatinina por encima del normal y lactato deshidrogenasa mayor a 450 U/L. Objective: To identify laboratory results associated with the risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Material and methods: retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for COVID-19 at the Hospital Nacional EsSalud Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen in Lima, between March 21 and May 12, 2020. The laboratory tests included in the study were those of hospital admission. A Cox analysis was done to determine factors associated with death. Results: a total of 433 patients were included: 253 cases (58%) with positive RT-PCR and 180 cases (42%) with reactive rapid antibody test. And, 55% (240/433) and 59% (256/433) had leukocytosis and relative lymphopenia (≤10%), respectively. 56% (49/87) had D-dimer greater than two mg/L. However, higher than normal values were presented in 39% (152/393) for urea and 19% (77/397) for creatinine, as well as 73% (228/313) for aspartate aminotransferase and 62% (193/310) for alanine aminotransferase. On the other hand, 54% (180/336) had C-reactive protein greater than 150 mg/L, 42% (108/258) lactate dehydrogenase greater than 450 U/L and 57% (52/91) ferritin greater than one thousand ng/mL. Subsequently, leukocytosis (HRa 2.72; IC955; 1.12-6.60), less than three hundred thousand platelets per mm3 (HRa 2.36; CI95%; 1.23-4.52), and increases in normal creatinine values (HRa 3.03; CI95%; 1.41-6.48) as lactate dehydrogenase above 450 U/L (HRa 2.41; CI95%; 1.29-4.49) were independently associated with death.Conclusion: the death of hospitalized patients by COVID-19 was independently associated with leukocytosis, less than three hundred thousand platelets per mm3, creatinine above normal and lactate dehydrogenase greater than 450 U /L.

Reference intervals of blood analytes are important diagnostic tools that clinicians use as a basis for making clinical decisions and that have been documented for many fish species. Although the effects of dietary supplementation on hematology and blood biochemistry variables in clownfish have been shown, there are no published reference intervals to date for routine hematology and blood biochemistry panels for these popular cultured marine fish (including Amphiprion spp.). The objective of this study was to establish de novo reference intervals for selected hemogram data and, using whole-blood analysis, commonly utilized chemistry analytes in two species of aquacultured clownfish: the Tomato Clownfish Amphiprion frenatus and Saddleback Clownfish A. polymnus. This study is based on blood samples from 25 clinically normal Tomato Clownfish and 38 clinically normal Saddleback Clownfish from two clownfish production facilities in Florida. Guidelines by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology were followed to generate robust reference intervals from the data collected. We report descriptive statistics and reference intervals for several hematology (n = 12) and biochemistry (n = 8) analytes using a small sample size and a small amount of blood per sample. The blood analyte data from this study are comparable with hematology and biochemistry data that have been reported in other teleost species. These results provide baseline health data for clownfish species that can be used in various clinical settings while also serving as a springboard for further research studies.

Background: Adverse effects of stimulants on growth in children have long been studied, but the results remain to be clarified, because metabolic changes or predictors accompanying the growth deviations were not sufficiently studied. Objective: This open label-prospective study investigated the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on weight, height, blood biochemistry in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Prepubertal boys treated with MPH in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic at Antalya Training and Research Hospital in Health Sciences University, Turkey were recruited. Height and weight z-scores and fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 6th month. Changes were compared by paired-samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Any association between the changes in growth and biochemical values was analyzed by Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation. The statistical significance threshold was p Results: 31 boys aged 74 to 104 months were enrolled in the study sample (mean=87.6, Standard Deviation (SD)=9.2). Osmotic release oral system-MPH (18 mg/day) was used in 77.4% (N=24) and immediate release-MPH (5 mg three times a day) in 22.5% (N=7). Average daily drug dose was 0.66 mg/kg (SD=0.12). Baseline weight z-score was 0.63 (SD=1.12), decreased significantly at 6 months (0.24 [SD=1.04]) (Z=-4.44, p=0.000, r=0.5) (median z-score was 0.53 at baseline, -0.11 at 6 months). Baseline height z-score (0.23[SD=0.87]) was not suppressed significantly at 6 months (0.28[SD=0.85])(t(30) = ‒1.50, p=0.14). Glucose (t(30) = -4.33, p=0.000, r=0.6), creatinine (t(30)=-3.28, p=0.003, r=0.5) and 25OH-VitD (N=29, Z=-3.98, p=0.000, r=0.5) increased but alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased (t(28)=3.63, p=0.001, r=0.5). The differences in W-SDS and ALP were positively correlated (r=0.47, p=0.009). Conclusions: Our results indicate the importance of monitoring blood variables that may accompany growth changes early in MPH treatment and should be further assessed in larger samples.

Background. Osteopathic methods are used in practical medicine, but there is little scientific research in this area, especially in the treatment of somatic diseases. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of osteopathy in the complex therapy of patients with chronic stone-free cholecystitis from the point of view of evidence-based medicine. Methods. The study involved 114 patients who were divided into two groups, the control group and the main group, in which osteopathic procedures were applied. The functions of the gallbladder, bile and blood biochemistry, and cholecystokinin secretion were analyzed. Results. It was found that osteopathic methods significantly increased the effectiveness of standard therapy both in terms of regression of clinical symptoms of the disease and in the functioning of the gallbladder. It is proved that the main group of patients significantly increases the secretion of cholecystokinin, which correlates with an improvement in the biochemistry of bile and its allocation. It was found that the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment methods does not depend on the gender of patients. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a fairly pronounced therapeutic effect of osteopathic procedures in the complex therapy of patients with chronic stone-free cholecystitis. The increase in the secretion of cholecystokinin is difficult to explain from the point of view of correction of functional blocks, and this problem remains the subject of further research.

There currently exists no published robust data which would confirm effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine in pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taking into account in vitro data, which indicates inhibitory activity of hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2, and interim guidelines by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, hydroxychloroquine can be considered as postexposure prophylaxis among healthcare personnel who have been in contact with patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2, provided no contraindications and significant drug interactions are present. Safety monitoring should be performed before prescribing and during the course of treatment (ECG, total blood count and blood biochemistry, ophthalmologist evaluation before long-term treatment).

AMAÇ: Koroner arter hastalığı halen önde gelen sağlık sorunlarından biridir. Bu durum, kalp hastalıkları için tanı ve tedavi prosedürlerinde artışa sebep olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu prosedürlerle ilişkili komplikasyonlarda da artışa sebep olmaktadır. Bu komplikasyonlardan biri psödoanevrizmalardır. Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde psödoanevrizma ameliyatı geçiren hastalarda koroner anjiyografiden önce alınan periferik tam kan sayımlarının sonuçlarına göre psödoanevrizmanın gelişimini öngörmede hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin yararlı olup olmayacağını tartışmayı amaçladık.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ocak 2017-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemizde koroner arter hastalığı ön tanısı ile elektif koroner anjiyografi yapılan 7368 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmamıza dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 88 hastanın verileri incelendi.BULGULAR: Psödoanevrizma erkek cinsiyet(%60), sağ alt ekstremite(%76.4) ve ana femoral arterde(%71.4) daha sıktı. Grup 1 ile karşılaştırıldığında psödoanevrizma gelişen Grup 2'de işlemden önce beyaz küre sayısı (WBC) (p: 0.042) ve Nötrofil lenfosit oranı (NLR) (p: 0.029) değerleri ve kan üre azotu (BUN) (p:0.050) yüksekti, Hemoglobin (Hb) (p, OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease is still one of the leading health problems. This causes an increase in the diagnosis and treatment procedures for heart diseases. However, it also causes an increase in complications associated with these procedures. One of these complications is pseudoaneurysms. In this study, we aimed to discuss whether hematological and biochemical parameters can be useful in predicting the development of pseudoaneurysm according to the results of peripheral whole blood counts taken before coronary angiography in patients who underwent pseudoaneurysm surgery in our clinic.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of 7368 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography with a preliminary diagnosis of coronary artery disease in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Data of 88 patients who met the inclusion criteria in our study were examined.RESULTS: Pseudoaneurysm was more frequently located in the male gender (% 60), right lower externity (% 76.4) and the common femoral artery (%71.4). When compared to Group 1, in Group 2, which developed pseudoaneurysm, The patients in group 2 who developed pseudoaneurysm compared to group 1, white blood cell count (WBC) (p: 0.042), Neutrophil to Lymphocite Ratio (NLR) (p: 0.029) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p: 0.050) values were higher before the procedure, Hemoglobin (Hb) (p

Background Diabetes is prevalent in Kuwait. We aimed to assess the level of glycemic control in Kuwaiti adults with diabetes. Methods The World Health Organization’s STEPS non-communicable disease risk factor survey was conducted in Kuwait in 2014. Participants’ demographics, medical history, physical measurements and blood biochemistry were assessed. A total of 2561 Kuwaiti men and women aged 18–69 years completed all three survey steps. Glycemic control in 278 individuals with diabetes who were on glucose-lowering medication was determined using the US National Institutes of Health guidelines of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≤7.2 mmol/l and the American Diabetes Association guidelines of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) Results Adequate glycemic control in people with drug-treated diabetes was 34.5% when determined by HbA1c, 37.8% when determined by FPG level, and 24.5% when both criteria were met. Mean body-mass index and fasting serum triglycerides were significantly higher and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly lower in individuals with an inadequate glycemic control than in those with adequate control. Women with diabetes were almost twice as likely to have inadequate HbA1c levels as men with diabetes (OR, 1.9, [95% CI, 1.03, 3.5]). Conclusions Glycemic control in Kuwaiti adults with treated diabetes is low. A systemic, multi-disciplinary public health approach is needed to improve diabetes education and adherence to treatment.

Assessing the viability and monitoring the function of liver graft in the early postoperative period are critical clinical tasks. One possible solution is to determine the changes in concentration of blood glucose, its metabolites and glycerol in the graft using interstitial microdialysis. Objective: to study the dynamics of interstitial glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol in the early post-liver transplant period – depending on the initial graft function (IGF) – and to compare with the results of standard laboratory blood tests. Materials and methods. Four selected clinical observations of deceased donor liver transplantation are presented. Two of the observations showed normal IGF, one observation – early allograft dysfunction (EAD), complicated by hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), while one observation demonstrated primary non-function (PNF). Collection of microdialysis samples began after arterial reperfusion of the liver graft and continued continuously for 7 days or until death. Standard blood biochemistry and coagulation tests were performed at least once a day. Results. With normal IGF and a smooth postoperative period, interstitial concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol remained stable throughout the observation period, ranging from 5 to 20 mmol/L, 1.1 to 7.5 mmol/L, 90 to 380 μmol/L, and 10–100 μmol/L, respectively. EAD was associated with initially higher levels of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. With HAT development, there was a rapid (within 2–4 hours) five-fold increase in interstitial concentration of lactate with simultaneous decrease in glucose and pyruvate levels to 0.1 mmol/L and 11 μmol/L, respectively. In the case of PNF, there was an initially high concentration of interstitial lactate – 16.4 mmol/L, which increased further to 35.5 mmol/L. Glucose concentration was close to 0. Changes in interstitial glucose, its metabolites and glycerol concentrations chronologically preceded the corresponding changes in peripheral blood composition by 3–5 hours. Conclusion. Microdialysis measurement of interstitial glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol concentrations facilitates real-time monitoring of liver graft viability and function. The high sensitivity of the method could help in accelerating diagnosis of vascular complications (HAT in particular), as well as graft dysfunction with other causes. Therefore, the method is feasible in clinical practice.

Blood biochemistry values are routinely employed during clinical examinations to assess the health of the patient and to identify potential underlying conditions. No blood biochemistry data are currently available for Temminck’s pangolin (Smutsia temminckii), a species that is being confiscated from both the domestic and international trade with increasing frequency, and this lack of data is hampering rehabilitation efforts. We determined haematological and serum biochemical values for ten Temminck’s pangolins rescued from the illegal wildlife trade in Zimbabwe and placed in the care of the Tikki Hywood Foundation as part of their rehabilitation. Our results suggest a large overlap in serum biochemistry and haematology values with previously reported values for other pangolin species, but also suggest some apparent differences. Haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and albumin:globulin ratio were positively correlated with mass, while alkaline phosphatase and amylase were negatively correlated with mass. Lymphocytes and monocytes were positively correlated with body condition, while mean corpuscular volume, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were negatively correlated with condition. These results suggest that at least some parameters are independent of mass and are directly correlated with body condition and may therefore be informative in rapid health assessments of confiscated individuals.

1-Propanol is used as a solvent for waxes, vegetable oils, resins, cellulose esters, and ethers, and is not considered harmful to humans by food and non-occupational exposures. However, workers are potentially exposed to 1-propanol by inhalation when it is used in the workplace. Thus, inhalation toxicity data are needed to assess the hazard of 1-propanol for workers safety. Five male and five female F344 rats were exposed to 1-propanol vapor for 4-weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week) at concentrations of 0, 100, 400, and 1600 ppm in a whole-body inhalation chamber system. The actual exposure concentrations were 100.11 ± 5.10, 403.19 ± 12.31, and 1598.08 ± 139.58 ppm for the low, middle, and high dose groups, respectively. No clinical signs, significant mean body weight changes, significant changes of hematology or blood biochemistry results, or histopathological abnormalities were seen related to exposure to the test substance. Under the conditions of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of 1-propanol was over 1600 ppm.

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes caused by the administration of ketoprofen to albino NMRI mice on some hematological, biochemical, and structural parameters. For this purpose, the mice were divided into two lots: a control batch and an experimental batch to which ketoprofen was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. A decrease in erythrocyte number and hemoglobin was observed altogether with the increase in white blood cells. Blood biochemistry indicates increased blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Enzyme values (AST, ALT, and ALP) show a significant increase. Hepatic pathology reveals the enlargement of sinusoidal capillaries, the presence of leukocyte infiltrates associated with necrosis zones.

Transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) thrombosis has been recognized as a significant problem that sometimes occurs as early as within 30 days after valve implantation, leading to increased concerns of stroke and long-term valve durability. In this article, a critical summary of the relevant literature on identifying potential mechanisms of TAV thrombosis from the perspective of the well-known Virchow's triad, which comprises blood flow, foreign materials and blood biochemistry, is presented. Blood flow mechanisms have been the primary focus thus far, with a general consensus on the flow mechanisms with respect to haemodynamic conditions, the influence of TAV placement and expansion and the influence of coronary flow. Less attention has been paid to the influence of blood biochemistry and foreign materials (and related endothelial damage), with little consensus among studies with regards to platelet and/or microparticle levels post-TAV implantation. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for research with unanswered scientific questions.

This is a case series of 4 patients who developed leukopenia on, controlled-release carbamazepine (CBZCR) monotherapy for focal seizure prophylaxis. All 4 cases (2 males and 2 females), presented to the neurology department with history of episodes of sudden onset, abnormal body movements. Patients were diagnosed as cases of focal seizures and were prescribed tablet CBZ-CR 300 mg twice a day for seizure prophylaxis. One month later patients presented for follow-up and were continuing with the treatment. Blood biochemistry parameters indicated leukopenia with total leukocyte count less than 4000 per mm3. According to World Health Organization Uppsala monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) causality assessment, all 4 cases were classified as ‘probable/likely’ for carbamazepine-induced leukopenia. Carbamazepine was continued and total leukocyte count gradually recovered on 3-months follow-up. Conclusion: Total leukocyte count should be documented before initiating carbamazepine therapy. Patients with pre-existing leukopenia should not receive carbamazepine. All patients receiving carbamazepine should be monitored for leukocyte count in addition to other blood biochemistry parameters. Keywords: Carbamazepine,Drug induced leukopenia, Focal-seizure, Total leukocyte count.

Hydroxyproline (Hyp) may play an important role in collagen metabolism, as it is almost exclusively found in collagen. To examine this possibility, a 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded supplementaries of Hyp (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg dry diet weight) on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical composition and collagen synthesis of chu's croaker, Nibea coibor (13.6 ± 0.28 g). The growth performance and feed utilization were improved with increased levels of dietary Hyp, reaching a maximum at 5 g/kg (diet H2) followed by a slight decrease. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) was attained at 7.177 g/kg dietary Hyp. Increasing levels of Hyp did not affect body composition of juvenile Nibea coibor. However, dietary Hyp supplementation significantly affected the levels of Leu, Ile, Met, Lys, Ser, Glu and Pro in muscle and the levels of Met, Lys, Glu, Pro and Gly in swim bladder. The serum calcium (SC) level decreased significantly with increasing levels of dietary Hyp. However, the triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (T‐CH) levels in serum and liver were relatively stable. Importantly, the acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) and total collagen (TC) levels in swim bladder increased significantly initially and then decreased after reaching a maximum. Polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum TC level in swim bladder was attained at 9.736 g/kg of dietary Hyp. Collectively, these results suggest that the appropriate provision of hydroxyproline is essential for maximal collagen synthesis and growth.

The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on pigeon birds. For this purpose healthy pigeons of different weights were randomly selected from Bio-Park University of Malakand and then placed it in different groups on the basis of their weighs. To observe the effect, different doses of acetylsalicylic acid were administered orally to each group of pigeons except one group which was kept as un-medicated (control group). Blood samples were collected from individual pigeon of each group periodically i.e. before medication, during medication and after medication and were analyzed for glucose, cholesterol, alanine amino tranferase (ALT) and uric acid. Blood hematology was also performed for each individual pigeon from all the groups. A significant decrease was observed in glucose and ALT level, while the cholesterol and uric acid level was increased. Likewise to glucose, reasonable increase was observed in total red blood cells count (TRBCs), Hematocrit value (HCT), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets count, while the Hemoglobin (Hb%) and total leukocyte count (TLC) level was decreased. Overall huge toxic effect of acetylsalicylic acid was recorded in pigeons; therefore it should be used carefully in veterinary medicines especially for the treatment of temperature and pain in game birds.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP’s) and tribbles 3 human homolog (Trb3) are implicated in atherosclerosis. Changes in the concentration of these biomolecules signal the risk of atherosclerosis in type 2 subjects (T2DM), with or without hypertension (HT), at an early stage. Our aim was to assess the relation between noninvasive arterial stiffness indices and circulating levels of MMP2, MMP9 and Trb3. The study included 144 participants divided into 4 groups: T2DM > 5 years + HT, DM + HT (n = 55), T2DM

Background The aim of the present study was to clarify the changes in complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral white blood cells in postpartum dairy cows with metritis. Results The cows were assigned to the control group (n = 28) or the metritis group (n = 28), retrospectively. Blood samples were taken 7 days before the estimated parturition (− 7 d), on the day of parturition (0 d), and 7 and 30 d after parturition. There was no difference in blood indexes between the control group and the metritis group at − 7 d. The WBC, granulocytes and monocytes were generally higher at 7 and 30 d in the metritis group than the control. In comparison with the controls, all liver function parameters and triglyceride levels at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the creatinine level at 7 and 30 d were higher in cows with metritis. The concentrations of Ca and P at 0, 7 and 30 d, and of glucose at 0 d were lower for cows in the metritis group compared with cows in the control group. Among these parameters, the WBC at 30 d, the aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) at 7 d exceeded normal ranges (WBC: 5.0 ~ 16.0 × 109/L; AST: 42.5 ~ 98 U/L), whereas the concentrations of glucose and Ca from 0 to 30 d were below normal ranges (glucose: 2.5 ~ 4.5 mmol/L; Ca: 2.2 ~ 2.5 mmol/L) in the metritis group. The gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the metritis group were higher than those in the control group, including the IL-1α at 7d, the IL-1β at − 7, 0 and 7 d, the IL-6 at − 7, 0, 7 and 30 d, the IL-8 at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the TNF-α at 7 and 30 d. Conclusion The cows with metritis experienced systemic inflammation for 4 weeks after calving, the impaired hepatic function, and the altered metabolic status with increased triglyceride level and decreased concentrations of glucose, Ca and P.

Background Consuming whey protein supplements, along with physiotherapy and psychotherapy, have been recognised in sports performance. Whey protein supplements (WPS) is one of the commonly used supplements as ergogenic aids for athletes to enhance their muscle performance and recovery during sport-related injuries. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of WPS over the blood biochemistry mainly amino acids, creatinine kinase and myoglobin which influence performance and recovery among athletes. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify randomised control trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of WPS on amino acids, creatinine kinase and myoglobin among athletes. Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I) and Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool were used to rule out the quality of studies. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model with STATA version 14.2. The weighted mean difference was used to estimate the effectiveness of WPS against other supplements. Results A total of 333,257 research articles were identified; of these, 15 records were included to proceed with the analysis. Meta-analysis has shown that WPS has significantly overall increased the level of essential amino acids level by 624.03 nmol/L (CI = 169.27, 1078.8; I2 = 100%; p = 0.00) and branched-chain amino acids level by 458.57 nmol/L (CI = 179.96, 737.18; I2 = 100%; p = 0.00) compared to the control group (without WPS). Moreover, was observed to decrease myoglobin level by 11.74 ng/ml (CI = − 30.24, 6.76; I2 = 79.6%; p = 0.007) and creatine kinase level by 47.05 U/L (CI = − 129.47, 35.37; I2 = 98.4%; p = 0.000) compared to the control group. Conclusion The findings revealed that the clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of WPS as a positive ergogenic aid on athletes’ amino acids, creatinine kinase and myoglobin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13643-019-1039-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Improving broilers’ production in the hot region is essential to overcome heat-stress challenges. The current experiment examined the effects of betaine’s fortification (0.0, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15%) to broiler chickens during days 1–40 of age. The growth period was divided into the starter (1–18 d) and growing-finishing (19–40 d). During the starter period, there was no heat challenge, and all birds were kept under the same conditions. At 18 days of age, half of the birds were kept under thermos-neutral temperature (TN, 22–24 °C), while the other half were kept under high temperature (HT, 35 °C). However, the production efficiency factor (PEF) was the best (p &lt, 0.05) for birds that received 0.10% betaine. Betaine fortification improved (p &lt, 0.05 and 0.01) body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) in the cumulative finisher heat-stress challenge period (19–40 d). The best performance was achieved at 0.1% betaine fortification with 84 g gain, 4.6 points improvement in FCR, and 24 points improvements in PEF as compared to no betaine fortification. The heat-stressed group consumed less feed (239 g), gained less weight (179 g), converted feed less efficiently (2.6 points), and, as a result, had lower FEF (29 points) as compared to the TN group. Conclusively, heat challenge had a powerful effect on growth performance, meat characteristics, and blood parameters, especially during the grower-finisher period. Betaine fortification (0.1%) during heat stress reduced the negative impact on performance and improved production efficiency, suggesting that betaine is a useful nutritional tool under stress conditions that deserves further investigation.

Enniatins are so-called "emerging mycotoxins" that commonly occur in milligrams per kilogram levels in grains and their derived products, as well as in fish, dried fruits, nuts, spices, cocoa, and coffee. The present study investigated the 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity of enniatin complex in CD1(ICR) mice. Enniatin B, enniatin B1, and enniatin A1 at a ratio of 4:4:1 were administered to male and female mice at doses of 0 (vehicle controls), 0.8, 4, and 20 mg/kg body weight/day. In life parameters did not change during the study period, with the exception of slight reductions in food consumption in male mice administered 4 and 20 mg/kg and in female mice administered 20 mg/kg. Body and organ weights did not change, and no alterations in hematology, blood biochemistry, or histopathology parameters were observed at the end of the administration period. Thus, we determined that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of enniatin complex was 20 mg/kg/day for both sexes under the present experimental conditions.

A six-year-old female neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with recurrent diarrhoea, intermittent vomiting and anorexia. She was diagnosed with partially obstructive cholelithiasis with concurrent suspected chronic pancreatitis based on abdominal ultrasonography and blood biochemistry. The dog responded to conservative management with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), paracetamol and a low-fat diet with resolution of clinical signs attributable to obstructive cholelithiasis and near-complete dissolution of the cholelith at follow-up eight months after presentation. In human medicine, UDCA has been reported to be effective in cholelith dissolution, prevention of cholelith formation and resolution of clinical signs due to cholelithiasis but the non-surgical literature in veterinary medicine is limited. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of dissolution of a cholelith in a dog receiving conservative management.

Background Breed specific reference ranges for selected blood parameters are recommended for proper interpretation of blood tests, but there are only few reports dealing with ponies. The purpose of this study was to investigate if blood parameters differ among ponies' classes and to check if general normal values for equine species are applicable to ponies. Results All, except total protein concentration, biochemical parameter significantly (p < 0.05) differed among ponies' classes. The most pronounced difference was noted in blood lactate concentrations, higher (p < 0.001) in the smallest ponies (class A). In all groups of ponies muscle enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase) and urea were high when compared to normal values for equine species, but triglycerides and creatinine were low. Blood lactate concentration was high in comparison with normal values for horses only in class A ponies'. Conclusions In healthy ponies, blood lactate concentration significantly differs between height classes. Normal values for equine species should not be directly applied to interpret the lactate, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase values in ponies. KNOW (Leading National Research Centre) Scientific Consortium "Healthy Animal-Safe Food", decision of Ministry of Science and Higher Education [05-1/KNOW2/2015]; National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Centre, Poland [2017/25/N/NZ6/02750]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [9506/E-385/R/2018] Published version The reactants for laboratory analyses were supported by the grant of the KNOW (Leading National Research Centre) Scientific Consortium "Healthy Animal-Safe Food", decision of Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. 05-1/KNOW2/2015 (A.C) and National Science Centre, Poland No. 2017/25/N/NZ6/02750 (O.W.P.).; The laboratory analyses were supported by the grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, decision no. 9506/E-385/R/2018.

Anesthesia is an indispensable procedure during the handling of fish. This work evaluated the effects of menthol as anesthetic for juvenile Lophiosilurus alexandri. Menthol concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 150, 300 and 450 mg L−1 were tested using 14 animals for each concentration, with each fish being a replicate. Blood was sampled from seven of the juveniles in each group shortly after anesthetic induction and from the other seven at 24 h post-anesthesia and procedures to collect biometric measures, i.e., handling and air exposure. Induction time showed a linear response plateau effect (LRP) with an inflection point of 142 mg L−1, while a dose-response relationship was observed among concentrations for recovery time. Ventilatory frequency (VF) during anesthetic induction had a LRP effect with an inflection point of 127 mg L−1, while during recovery it had a quadratic effect with a maximum point of 305.45 mg L−1. Fish anesthetized with 50 mg L−1 of menthol had the lowest hematocrit values (P

In patients with disabling symptoms caused by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation (PIMSRA) could be a less invasive treatment option.This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the PIMSRA for left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient reduction in HOCM.The study enrolled 15 patients with HOCM. These patients underwent electrocardiography, imaging, and blood biochemistry examination over 6 months of follow-up.At 6 months of follow-up, patients showed significant reductions in peak LVOT gradients (resting gradient: from 88.00 [66.00] mm Hg to 11.00 [6.00] mm Hg; p = 0.001; stress-induced gradient: from 117.00 [81.00] mm Hg to 25.00 [20.00] mm Hg; p = 0.005) and interventricular septum (IVS) thickness (anterior IVS: from 25.00 [21.00] mm to 14.00 [12.00] mm; p = 0.001; posterior IVS: from 24.00 [21.00] mm to 14.00 [11.50] mm; p = 0.001). The reductions in IVS thickness and LVOT gradients were associated with improvement in New York Heart Association functional classification (from 3.00 [2.00] to 1.00 [1.00]; p 0.001), total exercise time (from 6.00 [5.50] min to 9.00 [8.00] min; p = 0.007), and pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels (from 924.00 [370.45] pg/ml to 137.45 [75.73] pg/ml; p = 0.028). No patient had bundle branch block or complete heart block.PIMSRA is a safe and effective treatment approach for severe, symptomatic HOCM and results in sustained improvement in exercise capacity, persistent reduction in LVOT gradient, and sustained improvement in cardiac function.

The objective: a comparative study was aimed at the study of the effectiveness and evaluation of the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters of therapy with oral antimicrobial Flaprox versus nitrofuran therapy in patients with exacerbation of chronic urinary tract infection in outpatient settings. Materials and methods. Тhe study included 40 patients (16 men, 24 women) with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis. Participants in the study were divided into 2 groups: 26 patients who received Flaprox 500 mg twice a day for 10 days in the main group (A), 14 patients in the control group (B) received nitrofuran 100 mg 4 once a day for 10 days. The mean age of the patients was 39,8±8,9 years. Results. The regression of clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection in the study process was noted in both groups. In the main group, the dynamics of reduction of symptoms of general intoxication and normalization of local symptoms and inflammatory changes in blood and urine has a more pronounced tendency from 5 days of treatment and persisted throughout the course of therapy. Conclusions. Flaprox useing for 10 days allowed to reliably reduce or eliminate dysuria, infection of the urinary tract (bacteriuria), and inflammatory process (leukocythria) without negative changes in the blood biochemistry analysis. Therapy of UTI with Flaprox demonstrates efficacy in comparison with the use of nitrofurans and the achievement of positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in a shorter time.

Dissolving microneedles (MNs) is a promising alternative way to traditional subcutaneous injection delivery of insulin. At present, there are numerous soluble materials have been used to fabricate dissolving MNs for insulin delivery. However, during insulin delivery of dissolving MNs, the effect of the MNs to the skin and the safety of the matrix material remained in the skin should be seriously considered, especially for the diabetes who need frequent and long-term self-administration of insulin. In this work, we investigated the long-term effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) MNs on mice after daily insertion in a period of 3 months. The general conditions, hematology and blood biochemistry of mice were examined at different time. The main organs of the mice administrated by the HA MNs were dissected at 90 days, and the organ coefficients and histological evaluation were measured and recorded. The results showed that there was no erythema and inflammation happened on the skin at the HA MNs insertion sites and no significant histopathological abnormalities were observed in the treated mice compared with the control mice in 90 days.

Objective.The aim of the study was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of fixed combinations of perindopril and indapamide in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) and high cardiovascular risk.Design and methods.We included 65 patients with 1–2 degree of HTN who had not taken the studied drugs before: either perindopril arginine / indapamide 10 mg + 2,5 mg, n = 35), or indapamide / perindopril erbumine K 2,5 mg + 8 mg, n = 30). Clinical efficacy of antihypertensive therapy was evaluated at three different time points. We assessed objective clinical status, blood biochemistry, office blood pressure (BP), and parameters of daily monitoring of BP (MBP).Results.Perindopril arginine plus indapamide vs indapamide plus perindopril erbumine K after 4 and after 12 weeks shows higher antihypertensive effect regarding office BP and provides significantly better control of the daily BP profile based on the MBP results. Therefore, MBP is required in HTN high-risk patients who take indapamide / perindopril erbuminе K in order to assess the reduction in nighttime BP, independently of achieving target office BP values.

Eighty-four subjects, premenopausal female patients (n=42, mean (SD) age: 26.4 (4.2) years) diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n=42, mean (SD) age: 27.6(3.4) years), were included in this study. Data on physical examination, anthropometric measurements and blood biochemistry analysis were recorded for each subject along with analysis for SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The relation of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism to PCOS status and insulin resistance was analysed via logistic regression analysis. Mean (SD) levels for BMI (28.5(6.5) vs.22.5 (4.9) kg/m(2), p

Xylans are present naturally in various plants and have important uses in nutrition, food, novel material and biotechnology; however, to date, data regarding their systemic toxicity and safety evaluation is still limited. This study investigated the potential toxicity of xylan from sugarcane bagasse by a subchronic toxicity study in rats. A total of 80 male and female rats were fed with diets containing 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 0% (control) xylan for 90 days. A toxicological assessment was performed including mortality, body and organ weights, food consumption, blood biochemistry, hematology, urinalysis, gross necropsy and histopathological examinations. There were no signs of toxicity and treatment-related changes in rats treated with xylan. The no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of xylan were 9.0 g kg −1 bw for males and 10.6 g kg −1 bw for females of rats under this experimental condition, respectively.

This study investigated the changes in: thyroid hormones, amount of subcutaneous fat, and selected indices of blood biochemistry in dairy cows in relation to the reproduction/production cycle. The blood samples were collected both ante- and post-partum every two weeks. When evaluating the mean values of the investigated indices, the major changes were recorded in dairy cows 3 to 14 days after calving. During this period, we observed a significant decrease in the mean serum levels of T3 (P < 0.05), T4 (P < 0.01), and triglycerides (P < 0.01). An opposite trend was observed with a significant increase after calving in the: mean serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (P < 0.05), urea (P < 0.01), and mean AST activities (P < 0.05). A significant increase over the normal range was recorded in the average levels of non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.01) and total bilirubin (P < 0.01). From the next sampling (28 days after calving) onwards we recorded a significant increase in the blood serum levels of cholesterol (P < 0.01), total lipids (P < 0.01), total protein (P < 0.01), as well as a significant decrease in the insulin levels (P < 0.05) and a reduced layer of subcutaneous fat (P < 0.01). The blood serum iodine concentration showed only slight significant changes (P < 0.05) during the observation. Blood serum levels of glucose did not show any significant changes during the whole observation period. Within the whole observation period we found a negative correlation between T3 levels and the layer of subcutaneous fat (r = −0.2606; P < 0.05). This correlation was much more marked in cows 3 to 14 days after calving (r = −0.5077; P < 0.05), which may indicate a possible relationships between the thyroid status, body condition, and post partum negative energy balance.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if short-term high-energy diet treatments have any overstimulatory effects on ovarian function and metabolic status in Ossimi ewes synchronized with progesterone sponge. Thirteen ewes were divided into high-energy (HEG; n = 7) and normal-energy or control (NEG; n = 6) groups. Progesterone sponges were placed intravaginally for 14 days during the winter breeding season (December-February). Four days before the removal of the sponges, a high-energy diet (130% of maintenance) was fed to HEG, whereas NEG was offered maintenance diet throughout the experiment. Ovarian performance and progesterone, estradiol, and blood metabolites were assessed daily starting from the day of removal of the sponges. Estrus period was longer in HEG (P 0.05) when compared with NEG. Ovulation took place considerably longer with larger ovulatory follicles in HEG (P 0.05). A marked increase in the level of total protein, albumin, glucose, and blood urea during the first 2 days following the removal of progesterone sponge was noticed in HEG when compared with NEG ewes. Eighty-five percentage (85.7%; 6/7) and 66.6% (4/6) had ovulation for the HEG and NEG, respectively. Dietary energy had a nonsignificant effect on the number of the recruited follicles, whereas a significant effect was observed for the diameter of the ovulatory follicle and ovulation rate (HEG, 2.3 ± 0.1 vs. NEG, 1.2 ± 0.3). It is concluded that short-term energy supplementation improves estrus expression and ovarian activity in fluorgestone acetate (FGA)-synchronized Ossimi ewes.

The present study aimed to examine the impact of dietary supplementation of Boswellia serrata (BS) (frankincense) resin on growth and carcass traits, blood hematology, serum metabolites and cecal microbiota of growing rabbits. One hundred New Zealand White (NZW) growing male rabbits (6-weeks old) were divided randomly into five groups using different levels of BS (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 g/kg diet, respectively). When compared to the control diet, daily body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits fed BS enriched-diets were improved, while feed intake was significantly decreased. A gradual depression (P < 0.01) in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were observed with increasing BS level the in diet. Total bacteria count, E. coli and salmonella populations were lower (P < 0.05) in rabbit groups fed diet enriched with BS than that of the control group. Based on these findings, the dietary supplementation of Boswellia serrata enhanced growth, feed efficiency, anti-oxidant status, and minimize cecal pathogenic bacteria in rabbits.

El presente estudio se realizó con 20 animales en cautiverio y retrospectivamente se analizaron 120 historias clínicas las cuales contenían la valoración inicial del animal y reportes de pruebas paraclínicas. Los animales fueron restringidos químicamente usando ketamina (12 mg/kg) + midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) y xilacina (0.1 mg/kg) en combinación en una misma jeringa y aplicación por vía intramuscular; se monitorearon las constantes fisiológicas, temperatura utilizando un termómetro de mercurio, y frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria con un fonendoscopio 2M Littmann®. Se analizaron las constantes fisiológicas, hematología y bioquímica sanguínea, y se compararon con los valores de referencia, lo cual constituye información clave para la valoración clínica y en el manejo sanitario de esta especie. Se reportan pocos trabajos de este tipo en fauna silvestre en Colombia, y este es el primero que establece valores de referencia para constantes fisiologías y hematología en el oso hormiguero gigante (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Para la temperatura corporal se encontró una media de 33.26°C para los machos y 34.52°C para hembras; respecto al comportamiento por edades se encontró una media de 33.3°C para neonatos (n=17), 34.74°C para juveniles (n=12) y 34.52°C para adultos (n=5). La frecuencia cardiaca fue de 109 latidos por minuto (lpm) para machos y 83.93 lpm para hembras, mostrando diferencias significativas (P0.05), y por el contrario al considerar el sexo de los individuos se observaron diferencias altamente significativas (P0.05), and on the contrary when considering the sex of the individuals, highly significant differences (P

Deltamethrin (DMN) exposure causes severe damage to the gill and liver tissues of aquatic organisms, as well as neurotoxic effects and metabolic disorders. The goal of the present study was to assess the impacts of DMN toxicity on blood biochemistry, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) levels, behavior disorder, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, histopathology and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Acute concentrations (1.0 and 2.0 mu g/L) of DMN caused behavioral disorder such as rapid swimming, loss of balance, aggressiveness and increasing in the surface activity and inactivity in brown trout. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and a significant decrease in CAT, AChE, blood albumin, and blood total protein content were observed. Histopathologically, both doses of DMN have caused steatosis, necrosis, and degeneration in hepatocytes and hyperemia in the liver. Also, they led to inflammation, adhesion and fusion depending on severe hyperplasia in secondary lamellae, hyperemia and lamellar edema in gill tissues when compared to control group. Additionally, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) levels at 2.0 mu g/L dose of DMN in liver tissues were more severe according to 1.0 mu g/L dose of DMN. Finally, different concentrations of DMN led to changes of the histopathology, 8 OHdG, the CAT levels, plasma AChE activity, and the serum metabolites, as well as behavioral disorder in brown trout.

Objectives: Early-repolarization (ER) and Brugada-type-ECG-patterns (BTEP) have recently been grouped under a common terminology called “J-wave patterns” (JWP) and have been associated with an increased risk of sudden-cardiac-death. Scarce data is present about the male dominance in JWP and the probable effects of gonadal hormones on cardiac ion-channel functions. We sought to evaluate the relationship of testosterone-levels and the presence of JWP in healthy Turkish-males. Methods: One hundred eighty-five healthy male volunteers between ≥18 to ≤50 years old without any cardiac disorders were evaluated. ECG, blood biochemistry and total testosterone levels were obtained together with thorough physical examination. Subjects with complete-bundle-branch-block, non-sinus-rhythms and any abnormality on cardiac examination were excluded from the study. BTEP was searched according to the EHRA/HRS 2016 Consensus Conference on V1-V3. ER on ECG was defined as J-point elevation of ≥ 0.1 mV in ≥ 2 leads in the inferior (II, III, aVF) (Inferior ER), lateral (DI, aVL, V4-6) (Lateral ER) or both (Inferolateral ER). Results: A total of 179 subjects (mean age 34.9 ± 7.9 years) were included in our analyses. Three BTEP (1.7%) and 45 ER (26%) were detected. 22 were lateral (49%), 13 inferior (29%) and 10 were (22%) inferolateral ER. JWP (+) subjects (n = 48, 27%) were demonstrating significantly lower basal heart rates (73.9 ± 11bpm vs 68.4 ± 10.3 bpm, p = 0.001) and longer PR intervals (153.9 ± 20.3 ms vs 163.3 ± 21.6 ms, p = 0.01). JWP (+) subjects had significantly higher testosterone levels compared with the ones without (485.5 ± 128.3 ng/dl vs 559.3 ± 167.7, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, BTEP and inferior/inferolateral ER patterns were significantly associated with higher testosterone levels compared with the JWP (-) population, while testosterone levels of subjects with lateral ER was not significantly higher. Electrolytes and blood chemistry values were non-significant between JWP + and - subjects. In the ROC analysis, the cut-off value for predicting the presence of a JWP on ECG was 629 ng/dl with a sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 86% [AUC = 0.66 (95% CI: 0.56-0.75), p = 0.001]. In multivariate analysis, total testosterone level > 629 ng/dl was significantly predicting a JWP on ECG, even outperforming age and hs-CRP levels with an OR of 4.57 (95% CI 1.910-10.9, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Testosterone might be associated with the male predominance observed in the JWP. More malignant inferior/inferolateral ER seems to be mainly associated with the high testosterone levels in Turkish male population. This finding might be attributed to the previously demonstrated effects of testosterone on cardiac ion-channel functions, especially outward-K channels.

Hexyl acetate (CAS No. 142-92-7) is a naturally occurring ester compound that has a fruity odor. Despite its frequent use as a nature-identical flavoring agent, there are limited repeated dose toxicity data for hexyl acetate. Here we performed a 13-week subchronic toxicity study of hexyl acetate in male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats under GLP regulations. Hexyl acetate was given orally by gavage at doses of 0, 100, 300, or 1,000 mg/kg/day using corn oil as the vehicle. No significant toxicological changes in general condition, body weights, food intake, ophthalmology, hematology, organ weights, and histopathological findings were observed in any groups. Urinalysis revealed occult blood in two male animals treated with 1,000 mg/kg/day hexyl acetate, and one showed red blood cells in the urine sediment. Furthermore, blood biochemistry showed a significant increase in inorganic phosphorus levels in males treated with 1,000 mg/kg/day hexyl acetate. These results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of hexyl acetate was 300 mg/kg/day for males and more than 1,000 mg/kg/day for females.

The study was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary n6/n3 ratio in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes on serum biochemistry and corticosterone values in blood in 15 Wistar male rats assigned into three experimental groups, two diabetic and a control group (STZ-N3, STZ-N6, CON) fed with different diets (n6/n3 ratio: ≈ 1, n6/n3 ratio: ≈60, CON n6/n3 ratio: ≈7). Significantly higher values of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and lower levels for triglyceride and albumin were noticed in both STZ treated groups compared to the control. The values for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased in only the STZ-N3 group compared to the control (P

We documented blood biochemistry and haematology of healthy loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwest (NW) Atlantic in order to establish clinical reference intervals (RIs) for this threatened population. Blood samples were analysed from migratory loggerheads captured off the Mid-Atlantic coast of the USA in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016 as part of a long-term research program. Blood variables were determined using a point-of-care analyser, and a veterinary diagnostic laboratory service. We calculated 95% RIs with associated 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for each blood variable. We compared results obtained from our study of migratory loggerheads with published data for similarly sized loggerheads resident at a seasonal temperate latitude foraging area. Significant differences in several blood variables between migratory and resident turtles provided insight on energetic and health status during different behavioural states. Temperature was significantly correlated with several blood variables: lactate, pCO2, sodium, haemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase. Our assessment of blood chemistry in healthy loggerhead turtles in the NW Atlantic provides a baseline for clinical comparisons with turtles impacted by anthropogenic and environmental threats, and highlights the importance of identifying unique aspects of biochemical and haematological profiles for sea turtles at the intra-population level.

Background:Tartrazine(Yellow5orE102)isasyntheticfooddyeabletomodifyperceptionandbehavior,causingagitation,confusion,rhinitisandcanproducehyperactivitysyndromeinchildrenwheniscombinedwithbenzoates.Additionally,itcantriggeroxidativestresswhichconsequentlygeneratesmetabolicdisorders.Therefore,thestudywasdesignedtoevaluatetheharmfuleffectsofthefoodadditivetartrazineandtoobservebeneficialpropertiesofblackthornfruits(Prunusspinosa)onthebloodandorgansofalbinoWistarrats.Materialsandmethods:Thisstudywascarriedouton20matureWistarrats,randomlydividedintofourgroupsoffiveanimals.Overthecourseoftheexperiment,thecontrolgroupreceivedonlyfoodanddrinkingwater,groupIreceived75mgoftartrazinedissolvedin(250ml)watergroupIIwasgiven75mgoftartrazineand200mgofdriedblackthornfruitpowder200mgdissolvedsimultaneouslyin(250ml)oftartrazine-watermixture(aimingtoreducethetartrazinetoxicity)andgroupIIIreceivedahigherdoseoftartrazine(100mg)in(250ml)ofwater.Results:Attheendoftheexperiment,valuesregardingkidneyandliverweightweresignificantlyincreased,whiletheweightofthespleenwasslightlydecreasedcomparedwiththeweightofthecontrolgroup.Biochemicalandhematologicalassays,ofthebloodsamplesshowthattheadditionoftartrazineinthedietofratscausedsignificantchangesinallbiochemicalandhematologicalparametersoftheblood.InthegroupII,whichreceived(P.spinosa)powdercombinedwithtartrazine,thebiochemicalandhematologicalparametershadaveragevaluessimilartothecontrolgroup.Conclusions:Histopathologicalassayshowe

This study aimed to investigate the association between the muscle fitness to visceral fat level (MVF) ratio and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics among college students. A total of 1467 young adults recruited from the FUPRECOL study (Asociaci&oacute, n de la Fuerza Prensil con Manifestaciones Tempranas de Riesgo Cardiovascular en J&oacute, venes y Adultos Colombianos), were categorized into four quartiles based on their MVF ratio. Muscular fitness was assessed using a digital handgrip dynamometer and visceral fat level was determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Ideal CVH was assessed, including lifestyle characteristics, anthropometry, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters. The body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat mass index, and visceral fat level were significantly higher in subjects in Q1 (lower MVF ratio) than those in Q2, Q3, or Q4 (p &lt, 0.001). The muscle fitness (handgrip and normalized grip strength (NGS)) of the subjects in Q4 was significantly greater than that of those in Q1 to Q2 (p &lt, 0.001). Subjects with a medium-high MVF ratio (i.e., 3&ndash, 4th quartiles) had an odds ratio of 2.103 of ideal CVH metrics after adjusting for age, gender, university, and alcohol intake (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.832 to 2.414, p &lt, 0.001). A lower MVF ratio is associated with worse CVH metrics and a higher prevalence of MetS in early adulthood, supporting the hypothesis that the MVF ratio could be used as a complementary screening tool that could help clinicians identify young adults with unfavorable levels of CVH and metabolic risk.

Background: Leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides are used in ethno-medicine for the treatment of liver diseases. This study evaluated the blood cellular, serum biochemical and organosomatic alterations associated with sub-acute oral administration of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract (PSMLE) to albino rats. Methods: Leaves of P. santalinoides used for the study were collected from the tree in June 2018. Twenty female rats, randomly assigned into four groups (1 – 4) of five each, were used for the study. Group 1 rats (untreated control) were given distilled water placebo, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated orally with 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg PSMLE, respectively. Treatment was done daily for 28 days, after which blood samples were collected for haematology and blood biochemistry. The rats were humanely sacrificed and vital body organs were eviscerated and weighed. Results: Serum total protein levels of groups 2 and 3 rats were significantly (p

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the hematological and blood biochemistry parameters, biometry of digestive organs, enzyme activities, protein content and absolute weight of the pancreas of broilers fed pre-starter and pre-starter diets supplemented or not with amylase from Aspergillus awamori. In total, 120 male Cobb chicks were housed in heated cages in each experiment. A completely randomized experimental design, with two treatments (feed with and without amylase) and six replicates per treatment of 10 birds each was applied. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F-test at 5% probability level. The dietary amylase addition did not affect hematological and blood biochemistry parameters and the biometry of the gastrointestinal tract of 7- and 21-d-old broilers, nor the absolute weight, enzyme activities or protein concentration of the pancreas of 7-d-old broilers. However, the inclusion of amylase in the diet reduced amylase activity and pancreatic protein concentration in 21-d-old broilers. The application of amylase to broiler chicken pre-starter and starter feeds is not justified given the pancreatic amylase activity and protein concentrations.

An economical and efficient approach to reduce the impact of P discharge by aquaculture industry is to adjust the P level in fish feeds to the precise nutrient requirement at different growth stages in a digestible nutrient basis. However, P requirement seems to be species specific and affected by several physiological, dietary and environmental factors. Based on the importance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to Latin American aquaculture, we designed a 63-day trial to evaluate the effect of available P (AP) levels on growth, nutrient digestibility, haematology and blood biochemical parameters, carcass proximate composition and bone mineralization. Quadruplicate groups of tambaqui juveniles (144 ± 2.0 g) were fed five isonitrogenous (278 g kg−1 digestible protein) and isocaloric (13.5 Mj DE kg−1) diets containing graded AP levels (3.0, 5.6, 7.5, 9.1 and 11.0 g kg−1) following a completely randomized design. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as the main P source. No mortalities and signs of P deficiency were observed among the dietary treatments. A remarkably high P digestibility was observed in all plant-based diets with a tendency of decreasing P digestibility with the increase in total P levels. Tambaqui seems to be able to grow well without inorganic P supplementation during the trials; however, this species required 7.0 g AP kg−1 diet for proper bone mineralization. P supplementation had a limited effect on haematology and blood biochemistry of tambaqui. Ecological implications of natural feeding habit and evolutionary position of this species are further discussed, and new hypothesis are drawn based on our results.

This study investigated the blood biochemistry responses of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) experimentally infected with a velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), KUDU 113 strain. One hundred ducklings were used for the study. The ducks were obtained at a week old and randomly divided into three groups. One group was vaccinated against NDV with La Sota vaccine at 3 weeks of age. The vaccinated and unvaccinated groups of 30 ducks each were subsequently challenged with the velogenic NDV after 6 weeks of brooding, while the control group of 40 ducks was not vaccinated and not challenged. Blood samples were randomly collected from five birds in each group, allowed for about 30 min to clot, centrifuged, and serum harvested. Blood biochemistry determinations were carried out at 3-day intervals from days 0 to 15 and day 21 post inoculation (PI). The results showed a significant increase in albumin on day 6 PI and total protein and globulin on day 9 PI and a significant increase in uric acid levels in the infected groups when compared with the unvaccinated uninfected controls from days 3 to 12 PI. The significant increase in uric acid level in both the vaccinated infected and unvaccinated infected groups in the absence of any overt clinical sign is noteworthy as uric acid determination can be a useful screening tool for detection of the velogenic NDV in apparently healthy ducks before they constitute a risk to in-contact poultry or spread to the environment.

The objective of the work is evaluation of effectiveness of Silimar drug in therapy of patients with drug-induced hepatitis (DIH) with cholestasis syndrome who received chemical therapy for oncologic pathology. Design: comparative non-randomized study. Materials and methods: results of a month-long therapy of 30 DIH patients with cholestasis syndrome who received chemical therapy for oncologic pathology were analyzed with evaluation of US study of the abdominal cavity organs US study, values of blood biochemistry and clinical manifestations. The criteria of effectiveness of Silimar action was the dynamics of the abovestated indicators (at the initial time point and in a month after the therapy).