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With regard to the position of States, some States commented on Article 54 of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility. 1. The book under review is LI Yongsheng, I Lun Shouhaiguo Yiwaide Guojia Caiqu Fancuoshi Wenti [On Countermeasures Taken by a State Other Than an Injured State] i , Law Press, 2012, VI+323 pp.; preface; introduction; references and appendix; ISBN978-7-5118-4152-0. The practice of distinguishing the injured State from the State with legal interests other than the injured State was generally recognized by the Commission as a major progress on the issue of the injured State. [Extracted from the article]

Following the recent Russian aggression in Ukraine, a significant part of the international community imposed sanctions against Russia and selected individuals. Russia is subject to sanctions already from its aggression against Ukraine in 2014. However, recently adopted measures are much more powerful. Sanctions in international law represent an important tool for its enforcement given to the hands of the members of the international community. This contribution explains the position of this legal concept in the system of international law and the conditions for its legal application. It also offers a brief insight into the legal framework of the EU and the Czech Republic, including the recent developments in Czech legislation. The contribution also offers short reflections on selected legal issues - confiscation of property as an international sanction and admissibility of thirdparty countermeasures in international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews United States (US) extraterritorial sanctions, foreign countermeasures, and the difficulties that arise when the two overlap. Outline of US extraterritorial sanctions; Countermeasures established by the European Union, Canada, Mexico and others; Challenges to US extraterritorial sanctions under international trade agreements; Possible means of dealing with conflicting legal requirements.