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Team-based work (TBW) plays a crucial role in the success and quality of public services. In the context of the Spanish public sector, our study evaluates if a low level of hierarchical distance (HD) in public organizations condition the public employees' commitment (EC) as well as TBW, assessed in terms of participation and consensus among team members. Simultaneously, we evaluated to what extent EC help to enhance TBW. Employing a sample of 213 government organizations from the south of Spain through a model of structural equations, we were able to answer the above questions. Our results revealed that team-based work functions more successfully within public organizations where there exists little verticality in their structures, norms, values and rules - in simplest terms, where there is minimal organizational HD. Such results also suggest that although regulations exist in the Spanish public sector, should public organizations attempt to be less vertical and more horizontal, they would perhaps have public servants that were more committed to their organizations. As a result, servants view the organization as their own and remain loyal. Finally, from an academic perspective, this study could be one of few to research and evaluate the hierarchical role and employees' commitment to the functioning of public employees based on participation and consensus in their work teams., (© 2021 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology published by Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) involves international online activities that allow the support of transversal competencies in diverse and multicultural environments without moving from home. This paper presents the learning experiences and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Girona (Spain) from a COIL activity involving clinical simulation in collaboration with the University of Coventry (United Kingdom). Methods: Qualitative study of content analysis. Twelve students from each of the two universities participated in the data collection process using reflective diaries. Results: The data analysis highlighted five topics related to the COIL activity involving clinical simulation: (a) initial attitudes towards the COIL activity; (b) main learning through the COIL activity; (c) positive aspects of the COIL activity; (d) weaknesses of the COIL activity and proposals for improvement; and (e) overall evaluation of the COIL activity. Conclusions: The main learning outcomes referred to by students were the relationships between transversal competencies and the skills for life, language skills, cultural skills, and more specific skills related to clinical standards. The students were most satisfied with the teaching activities and specified positive aspects and weaknesses that will add value to future versions of the activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly defined as a transitional subclinical state between normal aging and dementia. A growing body of research indicates that health behaviors may play a protective role against cognitive decline and could potentially slow down the progression from MCI to dementia. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature focusing on health behaviors and MCI to summarize the factors and evidence regarding the influence of health behaviors on MCI. Methods: The study performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index subdatabases within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, a total of 2,843 eligible articles underwent co-citation, cokeywords, and clustering analyses. This methodology aimed to investigate the current status, trends, major research questions, and potential future directions within the research domain. Results: The bibliometric analysis indicates that research on healthy behaviors in individuals with MCI originated in 2002 and experienced rapid growth in 2014, reflecting the increasing global interest in this area. The United States emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for more than one-third of the total scientific output with 982 articles. Journals that published the most articles on MCI-related health behaviors included "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease," "Neurobiology of Aging," "Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience," and other geriatricsrelated journals. High-impact papers identified by VOSviewer predominantly cover concepts related to MCI, such as diagnostic criteria, assessment, and multifactorial interventions. Co-occurrence keyword analysis highlights five research hotspots in health behavior associated with MCI: exercise, diet, risk factors and preventive measures for dementia, cognitive decline-related biomarkers, and clinical trials. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive review of literature on health behavior in individuals with MCI, emphasizing influential documents and journals. It outlines research trends and key focal points, offering valuable insights for researchers to comprehend significant contributions and steer future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active citizen participation in research is important to generate societal impact of outcomes. Even so, many times, the community input in these processes is limited or non-existent, and co-creation processes are often not documented. This paper describes a structured and systematised protocol to co-create a nature-based social prescribing intervention addressed to face loneliness in urban deprived neighbourhoods. As a result, a nature-based social prescription menu was co-developed with stakeholders from health, social prescription, nature, associative, and research sectors. The menu consists of open spaces and nature activities and will be offered to the participants of a randomised controlled trial to test actions for social prescribing in natural spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WHO established that medication errors are the most common and preventable errors and represent an expenditure of 42 billion U.S. dollars annually. The risk of medication errors increases in transitions between levels of care, mainly from hospital care to primary healthcare after hospital discharge. In this context, communication is a key element in the safety of the medication reconciliation process. The aim of this paper was to describe the barriers to, and facilitators of, effective communication during the medication reconciliation process at hospital discharge in people over 65 years of age, from the perspective of primary healthcare professionals. A qualitative descriptive study was designed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals, of whom 13 were nurses and 8 were physicians. This study was carried out with healthcare professionals belonging to primary healthcare centres in Huelva (Spain). Following content analysis of the discourses we identified 19 categories, grouped into three areas: interlevel communication, communication between primary healthcare professionals, and communication between healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers. The barriers found mainly relate to the adequacy and use of technological tools, time available, workload and the level of collaboration of patients/caregivers. Facilitating elements for communication in medication reconciliation included technologies, such as computerized medical history, protocolization of clinical sessions, the presence of case management nurse and interdisciplinary teamwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this paper, we illustrate the extent to which building an inclusive research team and the selection of a research topic, based on a collaborative group approach, constitute key elements of inclusive research. Method: The selection and analysis of activities and methodological strategies, extracted from the recordings of the research meetings, offer clues about the creation of collaborative and deliberative research spaces. Results: Some of the elements that reaffirm the inclusive nature of this research are as follows: contributions by all members of the research team receive equal recognition, the particular interests of all of those involved are taken into account and research strategies that are supported in different languages encourage the participation of all researchers. Conclusions: We need to review our practices in order to identify the added value of this type of work and move towards research training proposals that promote the research ownership of people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the digital availability of social data helping reshape ethnographic research and thus broadening the mainstream understanding of ethnography, this research proposes a set of strategies to overcome current limitations in doing ethnography. Based on a two-year online and offline ethnographic project on social media use in later life, insights are provided into how the practices and meanings of ethnography are being reconstructed and negotiated in response to the explosion of digital social data and through team practices. This paper reviews how collaborative and interdisciplinary ethnographic reflection is sustained and extended by digital tools, creating a live source of data that can be analysed within the framework of ethnography. As a contribution to current debates on the ’Social Life of Methods’, it also reviews epistemic issues associated with digital data and team ethnography, such as the role of the ethnographer(s), the field(s) and computational data analysis. The article reaches the conclusion that digital team ethnography is a viable option for undertaking thick and descriptive studies about the use of social media, which in turn favours a collaborative, non-hierarchical and dialogue-driven knowledge production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing ageing population and an increasing reliance on information and communication technologies (ICT) to conduct activities associated with daily living means that addressing how older people learn to use ICT is timely and important. By drawing on a four-year ethnographical study with 420 older people in two different environments, this paper shows that they adopt three strategies to become successful ICT learners, while at the same time dealing with the effects of age-related changes in fluid memory: (a) linking learning to real-life needs, (b) learning collaboratively and informally, and (c) adopting appropriate memory aids. This paper also addresses the question of how valid these results will be when today's ICT-literate adult people grow older. The longitudinal aspect of the data gathered shows that older people become confident ICT learners over time, that the learning strategies and cognitive-related difficulties are mostly time-persistent, and that their life experience is always important in learning transfer. Implications for providing older people with a more integrated approach to ICT learning are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aims: This study outlines a protocol aimed at identifying and mapping health promotion practices in need of development from the perspectives of key sectors responsible for it at the local level and from an intersectoral perspective across four Spanish regions. Design: A complementary multi‐method study combining survey methods and qualitative interviews will be adopted. Methods: Purposive snowball sampling will be employed to select potentially rich informants from city councils, primary care centres, primary and secondary schools, and public health and civil society organizations in 12 municipalities sensitive to local health. Data on the degree of execution of health promotion activities, the level of intersectorality in their implementation, and their origins will be collected using PromoACTIVA questionnaires, an intersectoral typology model and an interview protocol. A parallel mixed analysis encompassing descriptive statistics and a 'framework analysis' will be performed. Discussion: This study is expected to yield thorough and reliable insights into health promotion practices and omissions at the local level by focusing on key stakeholders, both individually and collaboratively. This information can enhance health promotion planning and improve its effectiveness, efficiency and contextual relevance. The development and testing of a methodology for the integration and interpretation of these data will ensure sustainable capacity building. Impact: Managers and practitioners interested in health promotion planning in the researched settings can benefit from a comprehensive map of the current state of their practices and insights into the starting points of collaboration. In addition, planners from other local settings will gain access to tools and methodologies to replicate and expand these maps to their own contexts. Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging key stakeholders with experience working in or with primary care centres, public health organizations, primary and secondary schools, civil society organizations, and city councils was vital to ensure the study's relevance and feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study us to analyze the difference of bullying (traditional bullying and cyberbullying) in rural and urban contexts. A total of 1094 junior and senior high school students (62.5% from urban areas, 37.6% from rural areas) from the region of Castile-La Mancha (Spain) took part herein. The results showed a similar proportion of intervention in all bullying roles and in polybullying in urban and rural context schools. However, victimization and physical bullying perpetration is more frequent in schools in urban areas. In rural schools, aggression is normally aimed at schoolmates. Regression showed the link between context and perpetration role. Victims in rural settings expressed greater distress than victims in schools in urban areas. These results indicate that the size of the population where the schools are located may be a relevant factor for the intervention, as well as the need for intervention at individual, group and community level in collaboration between schools and social services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the use of smartphones vs. laptops influences students' engagement, behaviour and experience watching academic videos in a collaborative classroom. Experiments were run in authentic teaching sessions with a total of 483 first-year higher education students. The methodology applied is a quasi-experimental design with post-test-only, being the independent variable, the device used to visualise the academic videos. Results indicate that the use of laptops has provided better results in terms of student's engagement with the videos, their collaborative behaviour and satisfaction with the device. Hence, the findings of this research suggest that the type of mobile device used in activities that consider the use of videos in a collaborative class need to be carefully chosen to maximise the student's comfortability – and in consequence, their engagement with the video-based learning activity and their positive behaviour and experience within the collaborative context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how the integration of group awareness tools in the knowledge management system called KnowCat (Knowledge Catalyser), which promotes collaborative knowledge construction, may both foster the students' perception about the meaningfulness of visualization of group awareness information and promote better collaborative processes as well as enhance better task performance. Forty-seven university students participated in a research study, where one group of 23 students used KnowCat without the awareness console (non-awareness group); the other 24 students used KnowCat with the awareness console (awareness group). Both groups used KnowCat during one semester. Data analysis revealed that the awareness group means were higher than those of the non-awareness group in terms of participation, cognitive and metacognitive learning activities, and task performance. Moreover, students revealed that knowing what, where and how much their classmates were contributing acted as positive feedback by encouraging participation and orienting their own behaviour and their contribution to the collaborative work. In this paper, we claim that the visualization group awareness information in KnowCat, a utility allowing students to visualize and track what, where, how much and how often other participants contributed to the KnowCat knowledge area, had a positive impact on the students' collaborative behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Teledermatology is the practice of dermatology through communication technologies. The aim of this study is to analyze its implementation in a Spanish health area during its first two years. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. It included interconsultations between dermatologists and family physicians in the Salamanca Health Area (Spain) after the implementation of the non-face-to-face modality over a period of two consecutive years. A total of 25,424 consultations were performed (20,912 face-to-face and 4,512 non-face-to-face); 1000 were selected by random sampling, half of each modality. Main measures: referral rate, response time and resolution time, type of pathology, diagnostic concordance, and quality of consultation. Results: The annual referral rate was 42.9/1000 inhabitants (35.3 face-to-face and 7.6 non-face- to-face). The rate of face-to-face referrals was higher in urban areas (37.1) and the rate of non- face-to-face referrals in rural areas (10.4). The response time for non-face-to-face consultations was 2.4 ± 12.7 days and 56 ± 34.8 days for face-to-face consultations (p < 0.001). The resolution rate for non-face-to-face consultations was 44%. Diagnostic concordance, assessed by the kappa index, was 0.527 for face-to-face consultations and 0.564 for non-face-to-face consultations. Greater compliance with the quality criteria in the non-attendance consultations. Conclusions: Teledermatology appears to be an efficient tool in the resolution of dermatological problems, with a rapid, effective, and higher quality response for attention to skin pathologies. Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05625295. Registered on 21 November 2022 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT05625295). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 2021, the Spanish Association of Dance Movement Therapy (ADMTE) celebrated its 20th anniversary. Its foundation was at the end of the 90s when there were no referents on Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) in Spain. The growth of the ADMTE has been a living organic process which can be summarised in four phases: constitution, integration, development and belonging. All the moments of crisis have been moments of great learning that have encouraged the Association's self-development. Its beginnings were closely linked to the master's degree, and the associative body has already been able to differentiate itself from the "mother" to find its own way relying on the power of associationism. Principal goals continue to be the state recognition and reinforcement of research. With a strong commitment to the European Association of Dance Movement Therapy, ADMTE tries to strengthen its relationship with Latin America and be the bridge to Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the implementation of integrated social and health home care services (HCS) offered by the Government of Catalonia, and to identify the main barriers and facilitators of integrated HCS. Methods: Analysis of the degree of implementation of integrated social and health HCS perceived by social care services (SCS) and primary health care centers (PHCs) between December 2020 and June 2021 in two phases. First, the perception of integration by social workers within SCS and PHCs was assessed using a screening questionnaire. Then, SCS in counties with the highest integration scores received a customized questionnaire for an in-depth assessment. Results: A total of 105 (100%) SCS and 94 (25%) PHCs answered the screening questionnaire, and 48 (45.7%) SCS received a customized questionnaire. The most frequent barrier identified was the lack of shared protocols, with the most frequent facilitator being the recognition of the importance of integrated HCS. Conclusions: Our study showed that the degree of implementation of integrated health and social HCS offered by the Government of Catalonia was perceived as low. The identified barriers and facilitators can be used to facilitate such implementation. Further studies should include professionals other than social workers in PHC assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fever stands out as the predominant clinical indicator in infancy. Pediatricians encounter fever routinely in their daily practice, playing a crucial role in their interactions with children and families. Objective: The aim is to examine pediatricians' viewpoints, understanding, and approaches regarding childhood fever in two healthcare settings: pediatric hospitalization (emergency and inpatient ward) and primary care. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using an ethnomethodological approach. Pediatricians working in the specified pediatric settings participated in in-depth interviews where theoretical clinical cases were presented for analysis. Results: Following the examination of the discourses, the codes were organized into eight categories: Understanding of fever, Significance ascribed to fever, Therapeutic strategies, Engagement with the evidence, Family apprehensions regarding fever, Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Inter- and intra-professional relationships, and Suggestions for change: Conclusions: Pediatricians acknowledge the importance of addressing discomfort in the treatment of fever, but express challenges in implementing these recommendations. Pediatricians in inpatient settings emphasize the need for enhanced parental education from primary care, while those in primary care recognize the potential for improvement. Inpatient pediatricians are open to implementing changes in their daily practices, particularly concerning the administration of antipyretics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper explores the educational factors that underlie the poor collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and physiotherapists (PTs) in Primary Health Care (PHC), from the GP's perspective. This study was conducted in Majorca, the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants were nine GPs who graduated from different universities in mainland Spain. A discourse analysis study was developed employing the social-critical paradigm as theoretical framework and in-depth interviews for data collection. The perceived lack of knowledge about physiotherapy was considered by the interviewees as a major factor in the current poor communication between GPs and PTs. The individual learning during medical studies and poor interprofessional learning during clinical residency influenced their gatekeeper role, putting at risk the equity of the health system. Collaboration was considered beneficial for patients but challenging to improve in context due to multiple factors ranging from individual to systemic. The latter encompasses inadequate resources and organization for interprofessional learning. There is a need to further explore other factors influencing the poor collaboration, including PTs' views on this process.

The increasing complexity of cancer care makes organisation of clinical decision-making one of the key elements in high-quality cancer care. The great number of professionals involved in this disease means that communication and co-ordination among such professionals is of pivotal importance. The prospect of an organised multidisciplinary care is highlighted for its ability to move from a sequential model of care to progress towards an inclusive process led by a multidisciplinary team. Scientific evidence shows that such a perspective contributes to improved survival and quality of life of cancer patients. In the context of highly frequent, costly and clinically complex cancer diseases, the priority is to develop a different approach to its management, based on the expertise of professionals and teams by tumour location. The organisation and management of many hospitals, however, does not generally reflect this dimension. The process of care is based on very rigid hospital services which restrict cross-communication. This hinders a redistribution of responsibilities of the professionals with the greatest potential to improve clinical effectiveness. The present paper shows the difficulty in developing a model of integrated professional cooperation and identifies the different models of implementation of multidisciplinary care, using cancer as an example, in the context of the Spanish National Health System., (Copyright © 2011 SECA. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

This research critically explores deficiencies in the palliative care system, focusing on evaluation and treatment aspects for both adult and paediatric patients. Using a qualitative methodology, the study engages healthcare professionals and family caregivers to uncover perspectives on the existing state of palliative care. Conducted through three focus groups and a semi-structured in-depth interview with participants recruited from Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, this research illustrates critical issues, highlighting the insufficient healthcare workforce and resources to meet the comprehensive needs of patients and their families. Recommendations include holistic care addressing social, emotional, psychological, socio-familiar, and economic dimensions, supported by embedded support groups and the enforcement of relationships with palliative associations. This study also advocates for improved health institutional coordination, social worker support, and ongoing health professional satisfaction monitoring. In paediatric care, specific demands involve specialised units, medical team continuity, 24 h paediatrician care, and a more professional paediatric approach. Beyond problem identification, this study offers valuable insights for shaping health policies and tools, incorporating new indicators and introducing grief bereavement support in clinical reports, contributing to the advancement of patient evaluation in palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethnobotanical studies in metropolitan areas and urban ethnic markets have grown considerably in recent years as large cities have demonstrated to be significantly rich in biocultural diversity and in driving its evolution, as human populations migrate from one region to another. Urban spaces also represent important places of rich multicultural and multilingual interaction and exchange, where ethnobotany can act as a bridge between research and action. The purpose of this study is to present a case study on how to use ethnobotany in multicultural urban settings by studying people-plant interactions and the larger implications and applications to promote biocultural learning in these areas. Methods: We inventoried the botanical composition of fresh and dry products sold in most food stores owned by Chinese immigrants in Fondo, a neighbourhood of Barcelona's metropolitan area, in Santa Coloma de Gramenet municipality (Barcelonès county, Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula), pharmacologically validating the obtained list with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. We also participated in multiple dissemination activities and materials (non-academic and academic), along with exchanges with the broader community in relation to this research. Results: In total, 103 plants were identified at the species level, pertaining to 88 genera and 46 botanical families. Including the infraspecific level, a total of 113 plant taxa were inventoried. One algal and six fungal species were also recorded, but not included in the analyses. Brassicaceae (12.4%) and Fabaceae (10.6%) were the most predominant families inventoried, followed by Cucurbitaceae (7.1%) and Poaceae (7.1%). Over three-quarters of all the taxa have an Asian origin (76.11%), indicating a high conservation of the use of Asian taxa. Over one-third (36.89%) of the plant parts pertain to species contained in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, showing the relevance of medicinal plants in local stores and the preponderance of Eastern Asian food-medicine continuums. To promote ethnobotanical education programmes, over 50 dissemination activities and educational materials were produced from this study and shared with the local urban community in different fora. Conclusions: Further research in these and similar settings can provide significant ethnographic information to better understand anthropological processes and phenomena underlying migration and transculturation that can be used in an umbrella of applications, from adequate nomenclature and labelling of foreign products in local languages to multicultural integration and social cohesion programmes along with educational activities on biocultural topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper was to develop a Spanish adaptation of the reduced, 14-item version of the Team Climate Inventory (TCI-14), a questionnaire developed to evaluate team climate. To this end the English version was adapted and applied to a sample of 360 employees from Castilla-León and Catalonia (44.4% men and 55.6% women). The results indicated that the TCI-14 has the same structure as the original version, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the existence of the factors Vision, Participative Safety, Task Orientation and Support for Innovation. The TCI-14 also presented good reliability coefficients considering the low number of items on each scale (alphas ranged between .75 and .82). The TCI-14 is a potentially useful instrument for evaluating the climate of work teams. It could be used by future research as a screening tool in conjunction with other instruments.

According to the theory of reasoned action (TRA), collaboration is only possible when it is perceived as useful by the participants involved. This paper describes a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to explore the preceived usefulness of general practitioner (GPs)-community pharmacists (CPs)' collaboration from these professionals' perspectives based in two Spanish regions. Thirty-seven interviews were conducted with GPs and CPs with and without previous experience of collaborating with the other groups of professionals. Analysis of the data indicated that the GPs and CPs considered that collaboration between practitioners and pharmacists to have different forms of usefulness, ranging from positive to negative perceptions of usefulness. Negative and neutral opinions (collaboration generates conflict and/or is not benefitial) could prevent practitioners from initiating collaboration with the other group of professionals, which is explained by the TRA. These perceptions were only found among those participants without experience in collaboration. When collaboration was perceived as advantageous, it could be beneficial on three levels: health system (i.e. provision of integrated care, increased efficiency of the system), GPs and CPs (i.e. increased job satisfaction and patient loyalty) and patients (i.e. improved patient safety). Although GPs and CPs with experience identified benefits using a range of examples, GPs and CPs who had never collaborated also believed that if collaboration was undertaken there would be benefits for the health system, patients and health professionals. These results should be considered when developing strategies to encourage and improve the implementation of collaborative working relationships between GPs and pharmacists in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyse the opinions of physicians on the appropriateness of research into the relationships between doctors and pharmaceutical industry, and to evaluate the usefulness of email survey in this research., Material and Methods: Survey via email of 373 authors of papers published in Spanish medical journals in 2007. The relationships between doctors and the industry was measured by asking doctors what they had received from industry during last year, the value in euro, and the number of visits from industry representatives., Results: The response rate was 28.2%. Most physicians (90.5%) considered the study appropriate. Only 3.2% of doctors refused to take part in the study due to disagreeing with methodology. A total of 92.8% received something from industry during last year (62% cost associated with professional meetings, 60% material for continuing medical education). Mean value of gifts received was 900 euro (60-12,000 euro). By sex, women apparently received more drug samples, and men more payments for consulting or enrolling patients in trials. Doctors practicing in hospitals seemed to receive more gifts than primary care doctors, particularly trips or lunch. Number of visits of industry representatives (from 5 to 10 weekly) was associated with more gifts to doctors., Conclusions: The vast majority of doctors agree with the appropriateness of researching into the relationships between doctors and the pharmaceutical industry. Relationships between physicians and industry appear to be intensive, as seen in other studies. Response rate was low, but the simplicity and speed of the method are valuable advantages.

Introduction and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of investigator and institutional collaboration in papers published in the Revista Española de Cardiología., Methods: Details of coauthorship and institutional collaboration involved in articles published in the Revista Española de Cardiología in the period 2000-2005 were recorded and a collaboration index was derived. Collaboration networks were identified using the TextToPajek and PAJEK software tools., Results: Of the 980 papers analyzed, 95.1% had been authored by two or more individuals and 51.43% involved institutional collaboration. The overall collaboration index was 6.23 (standard deviation [SD] 3.1). There was a significant statistical relationship (P< .02) between the collaboration index and the journal section in which the article was published: the Original Articles and Special Reports sections had the highest collaboration indices (mean 7.87 [2.88]; and mean 6.59 [5.02], respectively). The 44 authors who had the highest publication rates were identified. In addition, 25 coauthorship networks involving 112 investigators were observed., Conclusions: An analysis of collaboration networks led to the identification of a number of author networks in cardiovascular medicine in Spain, and highlighted the interrelationships between them in terms of both scientific research and scientific publications. The most significant aspect of institutional collaboration was the predominance of collaboration within institutions and within Spanish autonomous regions (i.e., 80.57% of collaborations). Possible topics for future study include an analysis of the scientific productivity of the networks identified and of changes in the pattern of collaboration over time.

This paper focuses on the dynamics of a workgroup in a nephrology and haemodialysis unit. Teamwork is indispensable in nephrology units, as it provides support and help to professionals but working closely together may also cause conflict and great strain. This study describes how much and in what way the anxiety and the relationship between these professionals influences their work, depending on skills and personal preferences among the staff. A questionnaire was used to analyse the following issues: stress, changes, routine, confrontation, comparisons, preferences, support, valuation, assertiveness, self-evaluation, technical competence, affiliation, motivation, work atmosphere and training.

The article discusses the highlights of an International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) workshop on nursing homes. One of the paper presented in the workshop focused on the state of nursing homes within long-term care in Catalonia, Spain. The event also addressed the challenges posed by the increasing elderly population in China, as well as the occupancy rate in Chinese nursing homes. Another topic addressed in the workshop was chronic pain in long-term care facilities.

Aims and Objectives: To explore the process of change within the clinical practice of nurses in mental health inpatient units in the context of a participatory process to improve the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship. Design: Participatory Action Research. Methods: Ninety‐six nurses from 18 mental health units participated. Data were collected through focus groups and reflective diaries between March 2018 and January 2020. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The COREQ guidelines were used. Results: The research process was carried out through two cycles of four stages each in which the nurses were able to identify the facilitating and limiting elements of their practice in relation to the therapeutic relationship. They then proposed two consensual improvement strategies for all the units, which they called reserved therapeutic space and postincident analysis. Finally, they implemented and evaluated the two strategies for change. Conclusions: This study has shown that, despite the different cultural and structural realities of the participating units, it is possible to implement a collaborative process of change, provided the needs and expectations of both the participants and the organisations are similar. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The results obtained through Participatory Action Research were directly transferred to clinical practice, thus having an impact on individual nurses and patients, as well as on the collective dynamics of the teams and aspects related to the management of the units. No Patient or Public Contribution: Patient or public input is not directly applicable to this study. Patients were recipients of the changes that were occurring in the nurses as part of their daily clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we review the relevance of the models of Collaborative Learning (CL) in Primary Education, also exploring the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in these processes. Through the case study method, the main objective of this article is to describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a collaborative experience with ICT involving students in the 5th year of Primary Education in a Spanish school. Information has been collected from all those involved: teachers, tutors, teacher ICT support and students from two classes participating in the investigation. The results confirm the fact that ICT provide tools and channels that have multiplied the possibilities to carry out collaborative projects, providing quality assurance to share and communicate. The experience presented provides evidence to confirm this, and at the same time, confronts the dominant methodology based more on individual learning where the teacher continues to exercise the role of sole transmitter of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health and social care systems face difficulties in managing multimorbidity, disease burden and complex needs in long‐term conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Objective: This study aimed to develop a European understanding of how health and social care professionals can collaborate with stakeholders from different organizations and sectors to enhance the management of Parkinson's disease in a community setting by identifying the existing gaps in this process and how people with Parkinson's disease and their family carers could benefit from these partnerships. Methods: A mixed‐methods sequential study was conducted in Denmark, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom. The findings from the qualitative phase are presented. Individual semistructured interviews were analysed using Braun's and Clarke's thematic analysis. A meta‐ethnography approach was used to analyse and synthesize cross‐national findings. Results: A total of 41 healthcare professionals and 39 stakeholders from different disciplines and sectors were interviewed in the four countries. The participants acknowledged a lack of awareness of available resources and poor communication between the different support systems in the management of Parkinson's disease. To promote multiagency collaborations, the participants highlighted the need to organize services along the Parkinson's disease journey, patient involvement and strategic involvement of carers in organizing resources and Parkinson's disease care pathways. According to the participants, the benefits from multiagency partnerships could lead to an enhanced continuity of care and specialized knowledge, mobilization of resources in the community, personalized support and improved access to services. Conclusions: Policymakers are called upon to create formal structures that facilitate multisectoral collaborations to promote an integrated system of care for the management of Parkinson's disease in the community. To address this challenge, we propose five strategies showing how organizations can work together to optimize the use of resources and enhance the management of Parkinson's disease throughout the illness trajectory. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and Public Involvement groups made up of stakeholders, healthcare professionals, patients with Parkinson's disease and family carers participated in the design of the study, the development of the interview guides and the validation of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hispanic population is growing rapidly in U.S. rural states, yet limitations in Spanish‐speaking behavioural health providers are a barrier to accessing care. In Montana, a new immigrant destination, mental health disparities may not yet be fully understood. We describe an interprofessional approach of nurses and engineers using the Plan‐Do‐Check‐Act (PDCA) cycle to identify disparities in mental health access in a Hispanic community in a rural state. We recruited a community advisory board to inform researchers about potential disparities and to design interventions. The Plan phase consisted of naming the problem and its root causes. Researchers and a community advisory board created flowsheets and diagrams to uncover personal, environmental, political, and procedural contributors to poor mental health outcomes. The Do phase included implementation of a community screening for depression and anxiety. The Check phase revealed 43 mental health screenings where 21% screened positive for depression and 16% screened positive for anxiety. We made 16 referrals to a mental health intervention study. The Act phase led to plans for regular implementation of the health fairs and a study designed to provide Spanish‐language mental health services. The success of our interprofessional work provides an example of how the PDCA cycle can be used to uncover potential causes for poor health outcomes and design and evaluate interventions targeted to mitigate those outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in dentistry seek to promote the improvement on oral health in the most disadvantaged regions. The objective of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, expectations, and motivations that dental school students have about volunteering in dentistry, as well as to evaluate possible differences in these variables depending on their level of dental training. During the month of September 2022, a voluntary and anonymous online survey was carried out among all the students at the Dentistry School of Oviedo University. There were 5 questions to judge knowledge about global oral health course. 12 additional questions were included to assess the willingness to volunteer in international setting, the volunteer profile, as well as the most effective means to improve oral health in host communities. None of the students from our center had participated as a volunteer in dental NGOs, but up to 64.4% of them had considered their collaboration. The level of knowledge about global oral health obtained was low, with the percentage of correct answers ranging between 14.4% (in the question about the ideal patient/dentist ratio) and 57.8% (in the question about the fluoride concentration in drinking water). Majority of dental students (98.9%) were not aware that basic package of oral care was created by WHO. Significantly, the students of the clinical courses showed a greater motivation to volunteer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic with a partial agonism of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. This differential mechanism implies a rigorous appraisal of the appropriate therapeutic strategies in certain situations. To answer currently unsolved clinical questions about the use of oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) aripiprazole, we present here an expert consensus from 12 Spanish psychiatrists and a pharmacologist with extensive experience in the use of this antipsychotic. Through one face-to-face session and online collaboration, we reached consensus and established practical recommendations based on scientific evidence and clinical experience. We classified the available scientific literature according to SIGN system and attributed a level of evidence to each reviewed article. The recommendations were divided according to (i) chronological dimension (based on previous treatments, including patients naïve or not to antipsychotic treatment and maintenance regimen), and (ii) dimension related to therapeutic options, comprising switches to aripiprazole and the most used combinations with this antipsychotic. We recommend considering aripiprazole as first treatment option in the early stages of schizophrenia and in patients with affective symptoms and contemplating a switch to aripiprazole LAI in all candidate patients. Importantly, switches from other antipsychotics should consider previous antipsychotic history and exposure to aripiprazole. Aripiprazole can be considered as first treatment option in early stages of schizophrenia and in patients with significant affective symptoms. Aripiprazole LAI shows better adherence than oral aripiprazole and could be considered in all candidate patients. Before switching to aripiprazole, detailed information about previous antipsychotic history should be gathered. Switch to aripiprazole should be managed differently for aripiprazole naïve and non-naïve patients. Rigorous and controlled studies on antipsychotics in real clinical practice should be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Animal models are increasingly used in Nursing science to study care approaches. Despite the scientific relevance and the ethical debate surrounding the use of experimental animals, there is a scarcity of scholarly literature exploring this topic in Nursing Schools. Aim: To evaluate perceptions and attitudes of nursing students enrolled in a Pharmacology course on the use of experimental animals and implementation of alternative methods, by comparing the experience for two academic years. An interdisciplinary collaboration has also been developed. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, quantitative study was developed. Undergraduate nursing students were enrolled in the Pharmacology subject at the University of Leon (Spain). The study was carried out in the Pharmacology facilities. Students followed a two-session practical class regarding experimental animals and alternative methods in the Pharmacology course (Degree in Nursing) in two different academic years (2019–20/2020–21). At the end of the activity, they answered a questionnaire to assess their opinions on the use of experimental animals and alternative methods in Pharmacology and the 3Rs principle. Results: A comparison of the students' perception with and without direct participation in the evaluation of promazine effects in mice was made. A total of 190 students participated in the teaching experience, providing high scores in all items (4–5 out of 5 points) regarding the teaching experience. Students became also aware of the advantages and disadvantages on the use of experimental animals, as well as the ethical considerations to bear in mind for their use and the need for alternative methods. Conclusions: In the students' opinion, the total replacement of animals by alternative techniques was very difficult, and they preferred to do the practice face-to-face. The alternative method designed was useful for the students to accept the employment of experimental animals in biomedical research and education, and know the legislation applied in the protection of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many interprofessional education programs are being designed to help students improve their collaborative practice. Traditionally, the evaluation of these programs is focused on attitudes, knowledge and skills, but according to some authors, the evaluation of these activities should be expanded to include the evaluation of the development of an interprofessional identity. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) is a self-report tool used to measure interprofessional socialization, but it has not been validated with Spanish students. In this study, the tool was translated into Spanish and administered to a sample of 645 undergraduate students. The data were analyzed to estimate structural validity, internal consistency and convergent validity. Regarding the structural validity, our data supported the unidimensional model found in the English version of the ISVS-21 (normed chi-square = 2.3, RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.087, CFI = 0.963 and TLI = 0.969). The internal consistency reliability of the scale was adequate, Cronbach α = 0.913 [95% CI 0.903, 0.923]. The Spanish version of the ISVS-21 shows adequate psychometric properties in terms of the construct validity (structural validity and convergent validity) and internal consistency of its scores. This study provides the Spanish-speaking population with an adaptation of the only instrument that has been specifically developed to assess interprofessional socialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a case study of a large multinational fashion company, we describe the process of development of a Workforce analytics initiative within the corporate HR department resulting from the collaboration of practitioners and researchers. The article elaborates on three main points: (a) how social science research methods and the competences of management researchers may act as the basis for a rigorous Workforce analytics infrastructure and support the development of such practice along time, (b) some of the key levers and limitations for the creation of a Workforce analytics initiative within a company, and (c) how this emerging practice illustrates a symbiotic relationship between academics and practitioners. After presenting the case, we close with a set of lessons learned both for practitioners and scholars in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Municipalities are important actors in the implementation of policies to tackle health inequalities, which requires political will, the availability of financial support, and technical and human resources. With the aim of aligning with local government political priorities, in 2017 the Barcelona Public Health Agency (Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, henceforth ASPB), which is responsible for the public health functions of the city, launched a strategy to improve the approach to tackling health inequalities in all its services. The objectives of this study were to show how social health inequalities were addressed in the ASPB from 2017 to 19 and to describe which actions were proposed after a participatory process aiming to create a plan to systematically incorporate health inequalities in ASPB actions. Methods: The ASPB has 304 workers, 8 directors and 20 services or departments. Participatory methodologies were carried out: 1) semi-structured interviews with department heads (N = 12, 60%); 2) world cafe workshops open to a group of workers (N = 63, 37%); 3) a Quick and Colorful voting session open to a group of workers (N = 108, 63%); and 4) Hanlon matrix with 19 actions to be prioritized (N = 12 services, 60%). Results: Semi-structured interviews and world cafe workshops provided 40 potential actions. After a step by step process of participatory prioritization, seven lines of action emerged: 1) to make progress in collaborative networking; 2) to promote policy evaluation; 3) to increase the ability of the ASPB to evaluate policies to reduce health inequalities; 4) to incorporate the axes of inequalities in all ASPB products; 5) to improve information on vulnerable groups; 6) to incorporate the gender perspective; and 7) to participate in an internal training plan to address health inequalities. Conclusions: The participation of ASPB public health professionals and staff allowed the organization to design a shared plan of actions to address health inequalities. This experience could be useful for other municipalities whose political agendas include tackling inequalities in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aim to describe the relationship between job satisfaction and compare levels of resilience among out‐of‐hospital emergency medical service professionals. Background: The study of the impact of the working environment on health professionals has raised great interest. Job‐related variables and resilience can be a protective factor against stressful and demanding events at work. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey comprising sociodemographic and job‐related variables was conducted among 406 workers (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and ambulance technicians) from the out‐of‐hospital emergency medical system in Spain. Resilience was self‐reported using the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: Nursing professionals were less resilient compared with ambulance technicians (score difference 1.709, p =.008). As age increased, resilience was lower (r = −.118). Professionals with higher resilience scores were more satisfied in their work (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.11), and professionals with higher psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed greater job satisfaction (OR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.55–11.73). Conclusion: There was a positive association between resilience, job satisfaction and collaborative work. Professionals with greater psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed higher levels of job satisfaction. Implications for Nursing Management: Managers can use these results to influence the work environment to enhance job satisfaction and hence improve the resilience of the out‐of‐hospital emergency health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are in a position to connect children and adolescents suspected of being victims of violence with an external source of support by making referrals to external agencies. However, several studies have identified obstacles that hinder early reporting among school staff members. Very few studies have applied a mixed-method approach to try to understand this sensitive issue. The current study used this approach to analyze to what extent the students suspected of being victimized match the ones reported by active school staff members in Spain (n = 453, 83.5% females, age: M = 42.23, SD = 9.46). We classified the reasons given for not reporting the potential victimization cases encountered and made comparisons to determine whether there were differences in the level of knowledge, or in the sociodemographic characteristics, of respondents who gave different reasons for not reporting. Although 73.5% of school staff members had detected at least one potential case, 40.8% of them referred it to an external agency. The most common reasons for lack of reporting included deciding not to do so once concerns had been shared within the school and believing that one must be certain or that only serious violence should be reported. The findings of this study may help to further understand the decisions not to report certain suspicions of potential victimization cases to external agencies by school staff. There is an urgent need to raise awareness about the duty to report these concerns to external agencies, even in the absence of agreement from the school management team. Members of school staff need to be strongly encouraged to become familiar with the existing protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dearth of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) is a global problem. Integrating CAMHS in primary care has been offered as a solution. We sampled integrated care perspectives from colleagues around the world. Our findings include various models of integrated care namely: the stepped care model in Australia; shared care in the United Kingdom (UK) and Spain; school-based collaborative care in Qatar, Singapore and the state of Texas in the US; collaborative care in Canada, Brazil, US, and Uruguay; coordinated care in the US; and, developing collaborative care models in low-resource settings, like Kenya and Micronesia. These findings provide insights into training initiatives necessary to build CAMHS workforce capacity using integrated care models, each with the ultimate goal of improving access to care. Despite variations and progress in implementing integrated care models internationally, common challenges exist: funding within complex healthcare systems, limited training mechanisms, and geopolitical/policy issues. Supportive healthcare policy, robust training initiatives, ongoing quality improvement and measurement of outcomes across programs would provide data-driven support for the expansion of integrated care and ensure its sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents who participate as peer leaders can benefit and acquire competencies from their peer leadership experience. Objectives: To identify the competencies gained by adolescents who participated as peer leaders in a healthy lifestyle study and to determine whether the training characteristics were related to improvement in competencies. Design: The present study was part of the European Youth Tackling Obesity (EYTO) project, a multicentre social marketing intervention involving four European countries. Setting and Participants: Eighteen peer leaders (aged 13–15 years, three or five leaders per country) from disadvantaged neighbourhoods received training in designing and implementing activities for their peers. Measures: The peer leaders' confidence, experience and interest in 11 tasks related to lifelong learning competencies were assessed with questions rated on a colour scale at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: The peer leaders demonstrated improvements in experience, confidence and interest in different tasks, such as research, website or logo design, oral presentations, social media use and collaboration with people from other countries. They increased their confidence in management tasks (p = 0.03) and their confidence and experience in communication tasks (p = 0.01). The peer leaders from Spain and Portugal had greater improvements than those from the other countries. Conclusion: The peer leaders improved their confidence in management tasks and their confidence and experience in communication tasks. Slight differences were detected in improvement in competencies by country, likely due to the differences in the peer training applied. Recommendations for peer leader training are proposed, although these results should be verified with larger sample size. Patient or Public Contribution: The peer leaders contributed to the design and implementation of the training and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) usually have wide cooperation networks. High levels of cooperation facilitate the acquisition of knowledge by clients, suppliers and competitors. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence trust, compromise, knowledge, the management team, and the expected benefits have on three levels of cooperation (suppliers, clients and competitors). The results indicate that whilst expected benefits are the key to moving on to further levels of cooperation, trust is needed. Satistical confirmation of the hypothesis was carried-out using a logistical polytomic regression model, and the data came from 88 SMEs in Murcia, Spain. An additional investigation in other regions, to analyze the interrelation of different forms of IT cooperation in SMEs and large enterprises, could help improve the rigor of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is a group psychotherapy approach that is effective for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a public health care setting. The sample in this study comprised 118 outpatients with BPD who were asked to participate in a Spanish-adapted version of STEPPS for 18 months, a psychotherapy program that could be added to their usual psychiatric intervention. They were divided into an experimental group who participated in STEPPS, and a control group, who received treatment as usual. Several variables were collected and the Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time (BEST) scale was administered at pretest, Months 3 and 6, posttest (Month 18), and 2-year follow-up (Month 42), after which a post hoc data analysis was carried out. The STEPPS program improved the as-usual treatment provided previously, and the results were cost-effective. A higher educational level and good patient collaboration predicted better outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of studies on inclusive research involving people with learning disabilities is increasing. These studies address multiple factors that need better understanding, including the education and training of people with learning disabilities and factors that affect different aspects of the research process. This 18-month long study is part of the collaborative research conducted in Spain and carried out by a research team, which consists of both academics and non-academics with learning disabilities. The results demonstrate that inclusive research should be a dialogical practice that addresses significant and relevant issues concerning people with learning disabilities serving as researchers. The results also show that inclusive research is a formative practice that offers opportunities for debate, compromise, and the analysis of these topics. The education and training of people with learning disabilities are relevant topics in inclusive research. The study demonstrates the value of inclusive research based on collaborative relationships This study indicates that inclusive research should be a communicative process, open to the possibility of learning with and from other people. Research studies should address topics relevant to people with learning disabilities, including social inclusion. Inclusive research is an ongoing learning process that offers opportunities for debate and compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unusual institutional collaboration in Spain allows solving a forensic case. • First report of Piophila megastigmata from a human corpse in Spain. • Need of specialized training in Forensic Entomology procedures for crime scene technicians and forensic pathologists. The paper presents the procedure followed to fully solve a forensic case which occurred in Southeastern Spain through the collaboration of specialists from different scientific areas belonging to two different government institutions, a public University and the Guardia Civil. Entomological evidence was required to estimate the PMI in order to settle the perimortem circumstances. Piophila megastigmata (Diptera: Piophilidae) is reported for the first time from a forensic case in Spain, enhancing the interest of its presence in corpses to estimate the PMI. The procedure followed for each scientific specialist is detailed and the possibilities and requirements of each discipline are discussed in detail. Taking into account that institutional interdisciplinary collaboration is not a rule in solving cases of forensic investigation in Spain, the relevance and need of such interdisciplinary collaboration in solving cases of forensic investigation is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing the fidelity of an implementation strategy is important to understand why and how the strategy influences the uptake of evidence-based interventions. The present study aims to assess the fidelity of the two procedures for engaging primary care (PC) professionals and for the deployment of an implementation strategy for optimizing type 2 diabetes prevention in routine PC within the PREDIAPS randomized cluster implementation trial. Method: We conducted a mixed-method fidelity evaluation study of the PVS-PREDIAPS implementation strategy. Nine PC centers from the Basque Health Service (Osakidetza) were allocated to two different procedures to engage physicians and nurses and deploy a implementation strategy to model and adapt the clinical intervention and its implementation to their specific contexts: a Global procedure, promoting the cooperation of all healthcare professionals from the beginning; or a Sequential procedure, centered first on nurses who then pursued the pragmatic cooperation of physicians. Process indicators of the delivery and receipt of implementation strategy actions, documented modifications to the planned implementation strategy, and a structured group interview with centers' leaders were all used to assess the following components of fidelity: adherence, dose, quality of delivery, professionals' responsiveness and program differentiation. Results: Generally, the procedures compared for professionals engagement and deployment of the implementation strategy were carried out with the planned differentiation. Nonetheless, some unexpected between-group differences were observed, the initial rate of collaboration of nurses being higher in the Sequential (93%) than in the Global (67%) groups. Exposure rate to the programed implementation actions (% of hours received out of those delivered) were similar in both groups by professional category, with nurses (86%) having a higher rate of exposure than physicians (75%). Professionals identified half of the planned discrete strategies and their rating of strategies' perceived usefulness was overwhelmingly positive, with few differences between Sequential and Global centers. Conclusions: The PVS-PREDIAPS implementation strategy has been implemented with high fidelity and minor unplanned reactive modifications. Professionals' exposure to the implementation strategy was high in both groups. The centers' organizational context (i.e., work overload) led to small mismatches between groups in participation and exposure of professionals to implementation actions. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03254979. Registered 16 August 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's multilingual and multicultural societies, healthcare interpreters are increasingly needed to mitigate communication barriers in language-discordant, intercultural medical consultations. To orient these interactions, existing guidelines, best practices and recommendations shed light on the behaviour and responsibilities of interpreters and healthcare providers involved. These documents, however, mainly treat both professionals as individuals that take care of separate, unrelated dimensions of consultations, thus failing to address how they can work collaboratively. This seems to be particularly relevant if we consider that prescriptive documents advocate for an invisible interpreter rather than an active participant, consequently ignoring the positive functions interpreters are playing when they step out of their prescribed roles. In this context, this paper sets out to explore potential collaboration between both professional groups to improve communication as a whole. Drawing on Goffman's production format (1981), we examined excerpts from real interpreter-mediated medical consultations that took place at a public hospital in Madrid (Spain) over a period of five months (February–June 2017). Data analysis reveals that interpreters enact an author role as main participants of consultations and serve several functions in medical encounters, consequently sharing some of the responsibilities which are conventionally seen as doctors'. This may reveal potential areas of interest for interprofessional collaboration. In addition to interpreting, participants performed other clinical functions, thus accounting for complementary functions of that performed by healthcare providers. Interpreters act as clinical and therapeutic allies, patient empowerers and metalinguistic negotiators. In light of our findings, the next step is to design a new model for the interpreter-mediated medical consultations that integrates both perspectives in a collaborative, non-excluding proposal. • Prescriptive documents advocate for invisible healthcare interpreters. • Goffman's production format allows studying interpreters' roles as active participants. • Interpreters are seen sharing responsibilities usually attributed to doctors. • Interpreters perform clinical, therapeutic, meta-linguistic and empowering functions. • A collaborative structure of interpreter-mediated consultations is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflexively discusses field access as a continuous process in linguistic ethnographic fieldwork and illustrates how interactions generated during negotiations to establish a research collaboration, initial contacts with participants or data gathered to complement audio-visual recordings of naturally occurring interaction can, in fact, become rich sources to answer research questions. The discussion is based on a critical sociolinguistic ethnography on the implementation of English-Spanish 'bilingual programs' in a mid-sized city in central Spain. To build this discussion we propose a framework in which particular research stances held by participants become closely intertwined with particular research processes, spaces and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interview examines Telefónica's projects and efforts in the area of corporate social responsibility. Telefónica is one of the world's largest multinational firms in the telecommunications sector. It is present in 25 countries, serves more than 260 million customers, and employs a staff of approximately 285,000 professionals. The company is still advancing and finding new opportunities to increase its capacity to innovate, improving ways of doing business, enhancing customer satisfaction, and helping educate customers. In this interview, Oscar Maraver (managing director of the human resources area), Jose Buqueras Dobato (director of HR planning), and Alberto Andreu Panillos (director of corporate reputation and identity and environmental affairs) explain and share their vision of policies developed both internally with employees and externally with customers. Their approach includes a strong emphasis on corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of research in which a practicum programme based on a reflective and research-based teacher training approach has been designed, implemented, and evaluated. The purpose is to analyse the educational design and its ability to facilitate teacher training based on active and reflective learning. Methodologically, the research has the format of an evaluative case study. The data come from interviews, observations, and document analysis. The analysis reveals some key aspects, which explain the effectiveness of the proposal: 'pedagogical concerns' as activators of reflection, the complementarity of various reflective strategies, dialogical relationships, and the balance between planning and flexibility. The relevance of our work relates to the need to review the practical training of pre-service teachers in Spain, updating the principles towards reflective professionals and also to facilitate professional practice informed by research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]