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To find out, by means of a questionnaire, the procedures used by Spanish anaesthetists in peri-operative management of patients subjected to neurosurgery of the posterior cranial fossa.A closed-question type questionnaire was sent to Anaesthesiology Departments with a Neurosurgery Department on the participation of anaesthetists in the peri-operative treatment of patients subjected posterior fossa surgery.The questionnaire was completed by 42 (57.5%) of the 73 national public hospitals with a Neurosurgery Department. The posterior fossa surgery was performed in the sitting position in 36 hospitals, although it was less frequently used than the lateral decubitus or prone decubitus position. There was little specific neurological monitoring, as well as little use of precordial and/or transcranial Doppler for detecting vascular air embolism. Nitrous oxide was used in less than 10% of the centres, and 15% avoided neuromuscular block when neurophysiological monitoring was used during the surgery. Cardiovascular problems were mentioned as being the most frequent in 29% of the centres, while in the post-operative period the most common complications were, cranial nerve déficit, airway oedema (23%), and post-operative vomiting (47%).The results obtained from the questionnaire showed that the sitting position was less used than the prone position in posterior fossa surgery, and that neurophysiological monitoring is during surgery is hardly used.