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This work constitutes the first comprehensive study of the epifaunal response to biological invasions in coralligenous habitats, which are one of the main hotspots of biodiversity in the Mediterranean.The epifaunal community inhabiting the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae and other dominant sessile hosts on coralligenous habitats (i.e. the sponge Spongia lamella, the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata, and the macroalga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius) was characterized. A total of 137 taxa were found.There was a lack of functional equivalence between macroalgal species (both native and invasive) and sessile invertebrates. Despite the absence of significant differences in mean density values and number of species per replicate among host species, epifaunal composition on gorgonians and sponges differed significantly from that on both macroalgae.Epifaunal assemblages, especially those inhabiting macroalgal species, were dominated by generalist detritivorous species that can inhabit different hosts, while specialized interactions between mobile epifauna and sessile hosts were observed almost exclusively on sessile invertebrates. Moreover, epifaunal community associated with invertebrate hosts showed higher spatial heterogeneity in comparison with native and invasive macroalgae.A competitive displacement of native hosts by the spreading of R. okamurae on coralligenous habitats would likely result in a biotic impoverishment in terms of overall number of species and a taxonomical and functional homogenization of the epifaunal community. Specialist species with a heterogeneous distribution could be gradually replaced by a spatially homogeneous assemblage dominated by generalist species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although marine invasions are increasingly a matter of concern, the impact of invasive species in the ecosystem and their ability to replace native taxa is still little understood. Data from 2011 to 2021 in marinas of the Southern Iberian Peninsula supported that the invasive amphipod Caprella scaura is replacing the resident Caprella equilibra over time. Six marinas where C. equilibra was abundant in 2011 and C. scaura was absent, are now dominated by C. scaura. Although this displacement is more evident in Mediterranean shores than in Atlantic coasts, it is very variable between marinas. The spreading of the invasive species in marinas of the Alboran Sea mainly occurred from 2011 to 2017, preventing C. equilibra from regaining its former distribution. The ultimate factors responsible for the displacement, such as the aggressive behaviour of C. scaura , environmental influences or physiological performance in a global warming context, should be further investigated experimentally. • Spatio-temporal data supports the displacement of C. equilibra by C. scaura. • This displacement is more evident in Mediterranean marinas. • Marina singularity also influences the displacement of the resident caprellid. • Ultimate factors driving this process should be further explored. • Arborescent fouling basibionts can be useful for exploring invasions dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recreational marinas are key points for the introduction and secondary spread of non-indigenous species (NIS). However, little is known about the influence of the habitat surrounding the marina on NIS communities. To explore this issue, we compared peracarid assemblages associated to the widespread ecosystem engineer Sabella spallanzanii in lower estuarine marinas (with oceanic salinity) and coastal marinas of the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Sabella spallanzanii hosted a total of 23 species, 7 of them NIS. While NIS richness was similar between marinas located in estuaries and coastal habitats, NIS abundance was significantly higher in estuarine marinas. The NIS community structure was influenced by both the marina itself and the surrounding habitat. These results suggest that lower estuarine conditions promote NIS abundance in marinas, increasing potential invasion risks. This supports prioritization of estuarine marinas in NIS monitoring programs and the suitability of S. spallanzanii as a bioinvasion monitoring tool. [Display omitted] • Lower estuarine conditions promote non-indigenous species (NIS) abundance in marinas. • Estuarine marinas should be prioritized in NIS monitoring programs. • Almost a third of the species associated to S. spallanzanii were NIS. • Sabella spallanzanii is proposed as a bioinvasion monitoring tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the respective roles of environment and interspecific interactions in shaping species’ distributions is a critical aspect in determining the potential impacts of newcomer species on occupied habitats. The invasive caprellid amphipod Caprella scaura has successfully spread along southern Europe in a short time period, coinciding with a decline in the population of an ecologically similar congener, Caprella equilibra . To understand the mechanisms underlying the establishment success of this aggressive species and its potential role in shaping C. equilibra ’s distribution, we analyze the biotic and abiotic factors involved in the patterns of distribution and co-occurrence of both species along the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa. Our analyses support that C. scaura is competitively displacing C. equilibra from the study area, but also point out the critical role of salinity and temperature in modulating this interaction and limiting the invasive success of C. scaura on the Iberian North-Atlantic coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Panama Canal is one of the major corridors for shipping and potential dispersal of marine invaders in the tropics, little is known about the effect that the Canal has had on the distribution of marine biota. In this study, we (a) document the existence of established populations of the Western Atlantic caprellid amphipod Paracaprella pusilla , Mayer, 1890 for the first time at the Pacific entrance to the Canal, (b) review its distribution in the Pacific Ocean, and (c) evaluate possible mechanisms of introduction. The confirmed distribution of P. pusilla in the Pacific Ocean is limited to Australia, Hawaii, and Panama, despite earlier published reports from Chile and China. Laboratory experiments demonstrated intolerance of P. pusilla to freshwater, causing 100% mortality, and suggest invasion of the Pacific coast of Panama occurred through the Canal via ships' ballast water or by secondary spread via ships (ballast water or hull fouling) from another Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The trophic ecology of non-native species is a key aspect to understand their invasion success and the community effects. Despite the important role of caprellid amphipods as trophic intermediates between primary producers and higher levels of marine food webs, there is very little information on their feeding habits. This is the first comprehensive study on the trophic strategies of two co-occurring introduced caprellids in the Spanish coasts: Caprella scaura and Paracaprella pusilla. The diet of 446 specimens of C. scaura and 230 of P. pusilla was analyzed to investigate whether there were differences in the feeding habits in relation to habitat characteristics (natural vs artificial hard substrata), type of host substrata (bryozoans and hydroids) and native vs introduced distribution ranges (Brazil vs Spain). Results revealed differences in diet preferences of the two species that have important implications for their trophic behaviour and showed a limited food overlap, which may favour their coexistence in introduced areas. In general terms, P. pusilla is a predator species, showing preference by crustacean prey in all of its life stages, while C. scaura feeds mainly on detritus. Although no sex-related diet shifts were observed in either of the species, evidence of ontogenetic variation in diet of C. scaura was found, with juveniles feeding on more amount of prey than adults. No diet differences were found between native and introduced populations within the same habitat type. However, P. pusilla exhibited a shift in its diet when different habitats were compared in the same distribution area, and C. scaura showed a flexible feeding behaviour between different host substrata in the same habitat type. This study shows that habitat characteristics at different scales can have greater influence on the feeding ecology of exotic species than different distribution ranges, and support the hypothesis that a switch between feeding strategies depending on habitat characteristics could favour invasion success. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Paracaprella pusilla Mayer (Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 17:1–55, 1890 ), originally described from Brazil, is one of the most abundant caprellid amphipod species in tropical and subtropical seas around the world. During a survey of caprellid amphipods from marinas along the Balearic Island (Western Mediterranean Sea) carried out between November 2011 and August 2012, we found two established populations of P. pusilla in Mallorca and Ibiza, respectively. So far, its occurrence in European waters was reported only from southwestern Spain in 2010. This record represents a northward range expansion of the species’ distribution, which is found for the first time in the Mediterranean. This is also the first record of the genus Paracaprella in the Mediterranean Sea. The most probable introduction vector was ship fouling. We also found the invasive caprellid Caprella scaura Templeton (Trans Entomol Soc Lond 1:185–198, 1836 ) in Mallorca and Menorca, which is recorded for the first time in the Balearic Islands, confirming its rapid expansion along the Mediterranean. When comparing reproductive traits between both alien species, we found that P. pusilla has a higher fecundity than C. scaura for the same female size. Taking into account this evidence, the species may be expected to appear in other Mediterranean and adjacent areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the Mediterranean Sea, the number of alien marine crustacean species has increased over the past two decades. However, knowledge about small alien marine crustaceans, like caprellid amphipods, is still very scarce. To understand the role of marinas and recreational boating in the early step of the invasion process by non-indigenous caprellids, we studied the recreational boating pressure and the spatial distribution of caprellid species in Mallorca Island. We collected caprellids from 14 marinas and 9 exposed intertidal rocky shores between November 2011 and April 2012 and we analyzed the differences in habitat use of native and exotic caprellids. Eight caprellid species, six native and two exotic, were found. Alien caprellids were only present in marinas, reaching high densities of population. The analysis of recreational boating pressure reveals that Palma–Migjorn is the area that is subject to the highest potential risk of introduction of exotic species via ship fouling. In the secondary dispersal of alien caprellids, the study reflects that recreational boating seems effective as a secondary vector in the transport of exotic species from marinas to marinas but not from marinas to natural and exposed areas. An illustrated key of caprellids from Balearic Island is provided to differentiate native and non-indigenous species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A comparison between peracarid assemblages inhabiting the invasive Asparagopsis armata and the native Corallina elongata was conducted along the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 76 peracarid species were recorded during the present study, 59 of the 76 species were present in C. elongata, while 47 were found in A. armata. The most abundant species in C. elongata were the gammarids Hyale stebbingi, Jassa falcata, Parajassa pelagica, Stenothoe monoculoides and the isopod Ischyromene lacazei, whereas the gammarids Aora spinicornis, Apherusa bispinosa, Dexamine spiniventris and the isopod Dynamene magnitorata were dominant in A. armata. The amphipods Hyale schmidti and Caprella penantis reached very high densities in both substrates. SIMPER analysis showed a dissimilarity of 80.5% between the species composition of C. elongata and A. armata. The most relevant differences in species composition were found for isopod assemblages, where species richness, Shannon diversity and total abundance were significantly higher in C. elongata. The two-dimensional MDS plot showed segregation of sampling stations mainly by substrates and PERMANOVA showed significant differences in peracarid assemblages among the two algae. These results should be taken into consideration in management and monitoring programmes to control this invasive seaweed, which is now totally established and became naturalized in European ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The role of ecophysiology in mediating marine biological pollution is poorly known. Here we explore how physiological plasticity to environmental stress can explain and predict the context-dependencies of invasive species impacts. We use the case of two sympatric skeleton shrimps, the invader Caprella scaura and its congener C. equilibra , which is currently replaced by the former on the South European coast. We compare their physiological responses to hyposalinity stress under suboptimal low and high temperature, while inferring on hypoxia tolerance. We use an energy-redox approach, analyzing mortality rate, the energetic balance and the consequent effects on the oxidative homeostasis. We found that decreased seawater salinity and/or oxygen levels can weaken biotic resistance, especially in females of C. equilibra , leading to periods of heightened vulnerability to invasion. Our approach provides mechanistic insights towards understanding the factors promoting invader impacts, highlighting the potential of ecophysiology for improving invasive species management. [Display omitted] • The role of physiology in mediating marine invasive species impacts is poorly known. • The invader crustacean Caprella scaura is displacing C. equilibra in southern Europe. • We use an energy-redox approach to explore the factors promoting invader impacts. • We found that hyposalinity and hypoxic stress can reduce biotic resistance to invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]