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A new design for heavy-ion beam driven ramp wave loading experiments is suggested and analyzed. The proposed setup utilizes the long stopping ranges and the variable focal spot geometry of the high-energy uranium beams available at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung and Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research accelerator centers in Darmstadt, Germany. The release wave created by ion beams can be utilized to create a planar ramp loading of various samples. In such experiments, the predicted high pressure amplitudes (up to 10 Mbar) and short timescales of compression (,10 ns) will allow to test the time-dependent material deformation at unprecedented extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense ion beams from accelerators are now available to generate high energy density matter and to study astrophysical phenomena in the laboratory under controlled and reproducible conditions. A detailed understanding of interaction phenomena of intense ion- and laser radiation with matter is important for a large number of applications in different fields of science, extending from basic research of plasma properties to application in energy science and the investigation of processes occurring in stellar atmospheres or even in the interior of stars and planets. Energy loss processes of heavy ions in plasma and cold matter are important for the generation of high energy density states in general and especially in the hot dense plasma of an inertial fusion target. Of special interest are phase transitions and the associated time scales when matter passes the warm dense matter regime of the phase diagram at high density but relatively low temperature. We present an overview on recent results and developments of beam plasma, and beam matter interaction processes studied with heavy ion beams and laser beams combined with accelerator and nuclear physics technology. A natural example of hot dense plasma is provided by our neighbouring star the sun, and allows a deep insight into the physics of fusion, the properties of matter at high energy density, and is moreover an excellent laboratory for astroparticle physics. As such the sun’s interior plasma can even be used to probe the existence of novel particles and dark matter candidates with a combination of equipment and methods from accelerator technology and high resolution plasma spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cylindrical cryogenic targets are required to carry out the Laboratory Planetary Science scheme of the experiments of the High Energy Density matter Generated by Heavy Ion Beams collaboration at FAIR. In this paper, for the first time a thorough analysis of the problem of such targets' fabrication, delivery and positioning in the center of the experimental chamber has been made. Particular attention is paid to the issue of a specialized cryogenic system creation intended for rep-rate supply of the High Energy Density matter Generated by Heavy Ion Beams experiments with the cylindrical cryogenic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction of intense ion radiation with matter has numerous applications in different fields of science, ranging from basic research of plasma properties to application in energy science. Energy loss processes of heavy ions in plasma and cold matter are important to understand the generation of high energy density states in matter. The hot dense plasma of an inertial fusion target is just one example. Of special interest are phase transitions, when irradiated matter passes through the parameter regime of warm dense matter, which is located in the phase diagram at high density but relatively low temperature. Typical parameters are in the pressure range of kbar to Mbar and temperatures ranging into the few eV regime. We present an overview on recent results and developments of beam plasma, and beam matter interaction processes studied with heavy ion beams from the GSI accelerator facilities, which consist of an rf-accelerator (UNILAC: Universal Linear Accelerator), a heavy ion synchrotron (SIS 18) and an experimental storage ring (ESR). The synchrotron SIS18 currently delivers an intense uranium beam that deposits about 1 kJ/g specific energy in solid matter. Using this beam, high energy density states close to the critical point of lead, have been reached and solid lead foils have been heated to a measured brightness temperature on the order of 5000 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we discuss physical and technical issues of high-energy-density physics (HEDP) experiments with intense heavy ion beams that are being performed at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt. Special attention is given to a comparison of some recent results on expansion dynamics of evaporating lead that have been obtained in heavy ion beam driven HIHEX (Heavy-Ion Heating and Expansion) experiments at GSI-Darmstadt and in high-explosive driven shock wave loading and release experiments at IPCP–Chernogolovka. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents a study that examined intense heavy-ion beam interaction with solid targets. Experimental setup; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

Intense heavy ion beams open new possibilities in high-energy-density matter research. Due to the unique feature of the energy deposition process of heavy ions in dense matter (volume character of heating) it is possible to generate high entropy states in matter without the necessity of shock compression. Previously, such high entropy states could only be achieved by using the most powerful shock wave generators, like nuclear explosions or powerful lasers. In this paper this novel technique of heavy ion heating and expansion is proposed to explore new fascinating regions of the phase diagram, including the liquid phase, the evaporation region with the critical point, and strongly coupled plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In December 2005 the first successful operation of a UV excimer laser pumped with a heavy ion beam was demonstrated at GSI. It was the first experiment in which the specific power deposition was sufficient to overcome laser threshold for a UV excimer scheme. The well known excimer laser line at has been chosen for this experiment, because the wavelength is short, but still in the range of usual optical diagnostic tools and the emitted light can propagate in air without attenuation. A bunch compressed beam with a particle energy of and about 110ns pulse duration (FWHM) was used for this experiment. Single pulses of a beam intensity up to particles per bunch were focused into the laser cell along the cavity axis. Compact spectrometers, high speed UV-photodiodes and gated CCD-cameras were used for diagnostics of the spontaneous and stimulated emission. As a main result of the experiment laser effect on the 248nm excimer laser line has been obtained and verified by temporal and spectral narrowing of the laser line as well as the threshold behaviour and exponential growth of intensity with increasing pumping power. In summary it could be shown that the pumping power of the heavy ion beam at GSI is now sufficient to pump short wavelength lasers. It is planned to extend laser experiments in near future to the VUV range of the spectrum . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: European activities on inertial fusion energy are coordinated by “keep in touch activities” of the European Fusion Programme coordinated by the European Commission. There is no general inertial fusion program in Europe. Instead, a number of activities relevant to inertial fusion are carried out by university groups and research centers. The Helmholtz-Research Center GSI-Darmstadt (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung) operates accelerator facilities which provide the highest intensity for heavy ion beams and therefore key issues of ion beam driven fusion can be addressed. In addition to the accelerator facilities, one high-energy laser system is available (nhelix: nanosecond high-energy laser for ion experiments) and another one is under construction (PHELIX: petawatt high-energy laser for ion experiments). The heavy ion synchrotron facility, SIS18 (Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron 18) recently delivered an intense uranium beam that deposits about 1kJ/g specific energy in solid matter. Using this beam, experiments have been performed where solid Pb- and Ta-targets have been heated to the level of 1eV. Experiments to study interaction mechanism of heavy ion beams with matter have been continued and are reported here. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper shows with the help of numerical simulations the capabilities of intense heavy ion beams to induce states of high-energy density (HED) in matter. Two different experimental schemes are considered, namely, HIHEX (heavy ion heating and expansion) and LAPLAS (laboratory planetary sciences). The first scheme considers isochoric heating and subsequent isentropic expansion of matter while the latter deals with low entropy compression of matter using multiple shock reflection technique. This work has been done within the framework of the HEDgeHOB (high-energy density matter generated by heavy ion beams) collaboration that has been formed to organize and facilitate construction of experimental facilities and later to perform experimental work in the field of HED matter at the future FAIR (facility for antiprotons and ion research) facility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]