Search

Developing an accurate and precise approach for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is significant for food safety surveillance. Herein, a photoelectrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on polycarboxylic ionic liquid functionalized metal-organic framework integrated with gold nanoparticles (Yb-MOFs@AuNPs). Sulfhydryl functionalized hairpin DNA (hDNA) was immobilized on a Yb-MOFs@AuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface through Au-S bond. After blocking residual active binding sites with BSA, gold nanoparticles-labeled AFB1 aptamer (AuNPs-Apt 1) and gold nanorods-labeled OTA aptamer (AuNRs-Apt 2) were introduced to construct a photoelectrochemical aptasensor for the simultaneous determination of AFB1 and OTA. Due to the surface plasmon resonance effect and the nanometer size effect of gold nanomaterials, the photoelectrochemical aptasensor can output photocurrent responses as being excited with different wavelengths at 520 nm and 808 nm, respectively. When the AFB1 and OTA concentration in the range of 0.001-50.0 ng mL -1 , a good linear relationship between the photocurrent difference (ΔI) before and after recognizing targets and the logarithm of AFB1 or OTA concentration was obtained. The detection limits for AFB1 and OTA were 0.40 pg mL -1 and 0.19 pg mL -1 , respectively. AFB1 and OTA in corn samples were detected simultaneously by the photoelectrochemical aptasensor., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A dual-mode biosensor constructed based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) property was developed for assaying circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which is commonly used for triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis. Ionic liquid functionalized two-dimensional Nd-MOF nanosheets were successfully synthesized through a template-assisted reagent substituting reaction. Nd-MOF nanosheets integrated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were able to improve photocurrent response and supply active sites for assembling sensing elements. To achieve selective detection of ctDNA, thiol-functionalized capture probes (CPs) were immobilized on the Nd-MOF@AuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode surface, thereby generating a "signal-off" photoelectrochemical biosensor for ctDNA under visible light irradiation. After the recognition of ctDNA, ferrocene-labeled signaling probes (Fc-SPs) were introduced into the biosensing interface. After hybridization between ctDNA and Fc-SPs, the oxidation peak current of Fc-SPs generated from square wave voltammetry can be employed as a "signal-on" electrochemical signal for ctDNA quantification. Under the optimized conditions, a linear relationship was obtained to the logarithm of ctDNA concentration in between 1.0 fmol L -1 to 10 nmol L -1 for the PEC model and 1.0 fmol L -1 to 1.0 nmol L -1 for the EC model. The dual-mode biosensor can provide accurate results for ctDNA assays, effectively eliminating the probable occurrence of false-positive or false-negative results in single-model assays. By switching DNA probe sequences, the proposed dual-mode biosensing platform can serve as a strategy for detecting other DNAs and possesses broad applications in bioassay and early disease diagnosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An imidazolium based ionic liquid was successfully prepared and used as an organic ligand to coordinate with Zn 2+ to prepare trapezoidal metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOF) nanosheets. Then, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were integrated onto Zn-MOF nanosheets surface to produce AuNPs@Zn-MOF nanocomposites by in-situ reduction of chloroauric acid. AuNPs with size less than 5 nm were uniformly dispersed on the entire surface of Zn-MOF nanosheets. AuNPs can significantly promote the photocurrent response of Zn-MOF nanosheets and supply an efficient photoelectrochemical sensing platform for fabricating an immunosensor for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). For AFP determination, the photocurrent response of the immunosensor was linearly related to the logarithm of AFP concentration in the range of 0.005-15.0 ng/mL. The detection limit was calculated to be 1.88 pg/mL. The PEC immunosensor can be facilely fabricated, and provided some superior analytical characteristics such as excellent selectivity, sensitivity, stability and reproducibility for AFP determination. Practicability of the photoelectrochemical immunosensor was demonstrated by using it in assaying AFP in clinical serum samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The low photon energy and deep penetrating ability of near-infrared (NIR) light make it an ideal light source for a photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensing system. Absorption wavelengths of the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be regulated by adjusting the metal ions and the conjugation degree of the ligands. Herein, an ionic liquid with a large conjugated structure was synthesized and was used as a ligand to coordinate with Nd ions to prepare Nd-MOF nanorods with a band gap of 1.26 eV. The Nd-MOF rods show a good photoabsorption property from 200 to 980 nm. A PEC platform was constructed by using Nd-MOF nanorods as the photoelectroactive element. A detachable double-stranded DNA labeled with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is specific to VEGF165, was immobilized onto the PEC sensing interface. After blocking unspecific active sites with bovine albumin, an NIR PEC aptasensing system was developed for VEGF165 detection. After being incubated in a mixture of VEGF165, l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (magnesium salt hydrate) (AAP), and chloroauric acid, the aptamers for VEGF165 were detached from the PEC aptasensing interface, thus resulting in the decrease of the charge-transfer resistance and the increase of the photocurrent response. The shedding of the aptamers also makes the ALP approach the electrode surface, thus catalyzing the reduction of AAP to produce ascorbic acid (AA). Subsequently, AA reduces in situ chloroauric acid to produce AuNPs on the Nd-MOF-based sensing interface. With the excellent conductivity and localized surface plasmon resonance effect, the AuNPs can accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs generated from Nd-MOF nanorods, thus promoting the photoelectric conversion efficiency and achieving signal amplification. Under optimized conditions, the PEC responses were linearly related to the VEGF165 concentrations in the range of 0.01-100 ng mL -1 and exhibit a low detection limit of 3.51 pg mL -1 (S/N = 3). VEGF165 in human serum samples was detected by the NIR PEC aptasensor. Their concentrations were found to be well consistent with that obtained from ELISA. Furthermore, the PEC aptasensor demonstrated recoveries from 96.07 to 103.8%. The relative standard deviations were within 5%, indicating good accuracy and precision. The results further verify its practicability for clinical diagnosis.

The treatment and care of diabetic wounds remains a global challenge due to the high rates of amputation, recurrence, and mortality. It has been proven that electrical stimulation has a positive effect on promoting diabetic wound healing. Hyaluronic acid is an acidic mucopolysaccharide that exhibits important physiological functions in the body. However, it is not an ideal electrical substrate because of its poor electrical conductivity. In this work, a series of novel ionic liquid functionalized injectable and conductive hydrogels was prepared based on hyaluronic acid. The obtained hydrogels exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, flexibility and mechanical properties, and conferred significant antibacterial effects without the need for additional antibiotics. These hydrogels coupled with exogenous electrical stimulation can significantly accelerate diabetic wound healing compared with the commercial Tegaderm™ film.

An ionic liquid with a sizeable heterocyclic structure was successfully synthesized and used as a linker to coordinate with Eu 3+ ions to provide metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) nanorods. Gold nanoparticles-modified Eu-MOF nanocomposites (Eu-MOF@AuNPs) were synthesized by the in-situ reduction of chloroauric acid on the Eu-MOF nanorod surface. The outstanding conductivity and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au-NPs and the distinct nature of MOFs worked together to enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance by decreasing the recombination of photo-excited carriers and taking advantage of a broad absorption range for light harvesting. Under white light irradiation, the Eu-MOF@AuNPs nanocomposite had a better PEC performance than pure Eu-MOF. Therefore, a novel photoelectrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) using Eu-MOF@AuNPs as the photoactive element. When the anti-AFP was attached to the Eu-MOF@AuNPs/GCE interface, the designed immunosensor exhibited a specific photocurrent response to AFP. The specific binding of AFP to anti-AFP can cause a significant steric hindrance, thus hinder the charge transfer and the separation of electron-hole pairs due to large molecular size and poor conductivity. As a result, the PEC immunosensing platform presented a decreasing trend on photocurrent intensity. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration plot showed a linearity with the logarithm of AFP concentration (0.002-15.0 ng mL -1 ), and a detection limit of 0.16 pg mL -1 was obtained (S/N = 3). Moreover, this immunosensor presented a brilliant selectivity, high reproducibility, and outstanding stability, which possesses remarkable potential applications in determining AFP in serum samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A single tumor marker may correspond to a variety of diseases, and a specific disease requires the joint detection of multiple tumor markers for improving the accuracy of diagnoses. An ionic liquid-functionalized metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF microspheres) was used as the substrate to capture the aptamer (Ab1), and noble metal nanoparticles were used to label a signal aptamer (Ab2) to construct a dual-wavelength responsive sandwich-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor. Due to the size effect, plasma resonance and the response of the noble metal nanoparticle enhancement system to different excitation wavelengths, the simultaneous detection of CEA and CA153 tumor markers was realized. Under the optimized conditions, CA153 and CEA at concentrations of 0.05-100 U mL -1 and 0.005-10 ng mL -1 were detected by the PEC aptasensor. Detection limits calculated for CA153 and CEA determinations were 0.0275 U mL -1 and 2.85 pg mL -1 (S/N = 3), respectively. CA153 and CEA in serum samples were detected by the PEC aptasensor, and their concentrations were well consistent with that obtained from the ELISA. In addition, the PEC aptasensor exhibited a recovery rate of 96.98%-103.4%, and a relative standard deviation of 1.1%-3.6%, indicating good practical value and accuracy, further confirming its potential for clinical diagnosis.

A novel near-infrared (NIR)-excited photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on an ionic liquid functionalized metal organic framework (Yb-MOF) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) was designed for the high-performance determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The Yb-MOF was synthesized from the coordination of the Yb3+ metal ion with the 1,1'-(1,5-dihydropyrene-2,7-diyl)bis(3-(4-carboxybenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bromide [DDPDBCBIm(Br)2] ionic liquid by a hydrothermal method. To improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the Yb-MOF in the NIR region, the surface of the Yb-MOF was integrated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to fabricate a Yb-MOF@AuNP nanocomposite through an in situ reduction of chloroauric acid with sodium borohydride. The NIR photoelectrochemical response of the Yb-MOF@AuNPs at 808 nm was enhanced 4-fold over the pristine Yb-MOF. Subsequently, a photoelectrochemical platform based on the Yb-MOF@AuNPs was constructed for loading the CEA antibody (anti-CEA). After cross-linking with glutaraldehyde followed by blocking with bovine serum albumin, a photoelectrochemical sensor for assaying CEA was fabricated. Upon specifically interacting with CEA, CEA can block the photogenerated electron-hole pair transfer and the mass transfer of ascorbic acid to the sensing interface, thus leading to a decrease in photocurrent response. The photocurrent variation can be used for determining CEA quantitatively. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the photocurrent variations before and after incubation with CEA were linearly correlated with the CEA concentration over the range of 0.005-15 ng mL-1. The detection limit of CEA was calculated to be 0.25 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). The immunosensor was employed for the measurement of free CEA in clinical serum samples, and the results were very consistent with the values obtained by clinical tests. The NIR PEC immunosensor also demonstrated excellent accuracy and recovery, which corroborates its potential as a practical technique in clinical diagnosis.

Using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) imprinted polymerized ionic liquid hydrogel as a recognition element and hollow gold nanoballs/MoSe 2 nanosheets as a photoactive element, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform was successfully fabricated. To accomplish the imprinted process under room temperature to maintain the biological activity and the configuration of CEA, and thus to improve the sensing performances, 3-{[{4-N,N-Bis[(carbamoyl)ethylmethacrylate]butyl}((carbamoyl)amino)ethyl methacrylate] -propyl}-1-ethenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide (BCCPEimBr) ionic liquid was synthesized. By using BCCPEimBr ionic liquid as the functional monomer, CEA as the template, a molecularly imprinted hydrogel film was prepared on a hollow gold nanoballs/MoSe 2 nanosheets modified glassy carbon electrode surface. After removing the template, a CEA imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor was successfully fabricated. The imprinted PEC sensor shows good selectivity, sensitivity and stability towards CEA, produces a linear response in the concentration range from 0.05 to 5.0 ng mL -1 and shows a detection limit of 11.2 pg mL -1 (S/N = 3) under the optimized conditions. The imprinted PEC sensor was used to determine CEA in clinical human serum samples accurately. The procedure for the imprinted PEC sensing platform can be used for other biomolecules just by substituting the template., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Metal-organic framework nanocrystal (Zn-MOF) was synthesized by using 3,3'-{(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium]} hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid as the functional monomer and Zn 2+ as the central metal ion under hydrothermal conditions. Spatially confined gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) were prepared by in-situ reduction of chloroauric acid in the nanopores of Zn-MOF using acetic acid as the reducing agent to fabricate Au-NP@Zn-MOF nanocomposites. Au-NPs@Zn-MOF was further functionalized with 1H-imidazolium-1,3-bis(2-aminoethyl)bromide ionic liquid (IBABr) to prepare IBABr-Au@Zn-MOF nanocomposites. All abovementioned nanomaterials were thoroughly characterized by TEM, SEM, XPS, FTIR, and nitrogen-adsorption surface area analysis. IBABr-Au@Zn-MOFnanocomposites were then deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode and used as the photoactive element to fabricate a label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor by immobilizing anti-squamous cell carcinoma antigen (anti-SCCA). The PEC sensing principle is based on the photocurrent decline due to the blocking effect of SCCA on the electron and mass transfer after binding SCCA to anti-SCCA. The photocurrent variation related to the specific recognition of SCCA shows a linear relationship to the logarithm of SCCA concentration in the range of 5.0 pg mL -1 to 15.0 ng mL -1 . The detection limit is as low as 2.34 pg mL -1 . Such a signal-off PEC immunosensor is highly selective, sensitive, stable, and reproducible towards SCCA detection. Its performance is comparable to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the studies on clinical samples. This immunosensor is promising for the label-free determining SCCA in clinical human serum samples., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A molecularly imprinted sensor was fabricated for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) using an ionic liquid as a functional monomer. Ionic liquid possesses many excellent characteristics which can improve the sensing performances of the imprinted electrochemical sensor. To demonstrate this purpose, 1-[3-(N-cystamine)propyl]-3-vinylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid [(Cys)VIMBF 4 ] was synthesized and used as a functional monomer to fabricate an AFP imprinted polymerized ionic liquid film on a gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface at room temperature. After removing the AFP template, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully prepared. The molecularly imprinted sensor exhibits excellent selectivity towards AFP, and can be used for sensitive determination of AFP. Under the optimized conditions, the imprinted sensor shows a good linear response to AFP in the concentration range of 0.03 ng mL -1 ~5 ng mL -1 . The detection limit is estimated to be 2 pg mL -1 .

A novel ionic liquid, 3-{[{4-[((carbamoyl)amino)ethyl methacrylate]butyl} ((carbamoyl)amino)ethyl methacrylate]propyl}-1-ethenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide (CCPEimBr) functionalized with vinyl, amino, and methacrylate groups, was synthesized and characterized with 1 H NMR, FTIR, and HPLC-MS techniques. CCPEimBr was adopted as the functional monomer to prepare a molecularly imprinted polymerized ionic liquid hydrogel film on a glassy carbon electrode surface for human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) sensing. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and ZnCdHgSe QDs were incorporated into the imprinted film as photo-electric active materials. The photocurrent response was measured to investigate the sensing performance of the imprinted sensors toward HE4. The imprinted photo-electrochemical sensor shows excellent selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and accuracy for HE4 determination. Experimental conditions including incubation time and pH value for determining HE4 were optimized in this study. The photocurrent variation (ΔI) decreased with increasing HE4 concentration (c HE4 ), and it was linearly proportional to c HE4 varied from 25 pg mL -1 to 4.0 ng mL -1 . The detection limit of the imprinted sensor for determining HE4 was estimated to be 15.4 pg mL -1 (S/N = 3). The imprinted photo-electrochemical sensor was used to determine HE4 in human serum samples accurately.

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a good specific antigen for cancer diagnosis specifically for squamous cell carcinomas. In this study, 3-amine-N-[3-(N-pyrrole)propyl]imidazole bromide (APPIBr) ionic liquid was successfully synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC-MS and FTIR. APPIBr ionic liquid is a unique functional material with a pyrrole moiety which can be polymerized by using electrochemical technique and an amine group for immobilizing biomolecules; thus, it is ideal for the fabrication of biosensors. Using chloroauric acid as precursor and N-dodecyl imidazole as functional monomer, gold nanoroots (AuNRs) were fabricated and characterized with TEM, SEM and XRD. An immunosensor was built on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), through the steps of forming the poly(APPIBr)/AuNRs/GCE interface by electrodeposition of APPIBr, anti-SCCA immobilization, and several optimization steps to achieve a sensitive, accurate, precise, and selective anti-SCCA/poly(APPIBr)/AuNRs/GCE for the electrochemical immunosensing SCCA. It was found that poly(APPIBr)/AuNRs nanointerface can improve the sensing performance of the immunosensor. Under the optimized experimental conditions, there existed two linear regimes relating the peak current variation to the concentration of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in the range of 0.001-0.1ngmL -1 and 0.1-5.0ngmL -1 . The detection limit was calculated to be 0.3pgmL -1 . The developed sensor was demonstrated its capability in quantitative analysis of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in human serum with recoveries of 97.3%, 102.4% and 107.4%., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

1-[3-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-3-[3-(N-pyrrole)propyl]imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [(t-Boc-APPPI)BF4], which is a novel pyrrolyl-functionalized ionic liquid, was synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, it was electrochemically deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode surface to fabricate a polymerized ionic liquid film electrode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful polymerization of ionic liquid. Voltammetric behaviors of hexestrol at the film electrode were investigated. The oxidation peak slightly shifted towards positive potential, however, dramatically increased in peak current. Experimental conditions for hexestrol determination were optimized. The oxidation peak current is linear with hexestrol concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10(-8)-1.0 × 10(-5) mol L(-1). The detection limit is estimated to be 2.1 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) (S/N=3). Hexestrol in chicken meat was determined using the film electrode with good accuracy., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

ZnCdHgSe quantum dots (QDs) functionalized with N-acetyl-l-cysteine were synthesized and characterized. Through layer-by-layer assembling, the ZnCdHgSe QDs was integrated with a polymerized 1-decyl-3-[3-pyrrole-1-yl-propyl]imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (PDPIT) ionic liquid film modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to fabricated a photoelectrochemical interface for the immobilization of rabbit antihuman neuron specific enolase (anti-NSE). After being treated with glutaraldehyde vapor and bovine serum albumin successively, an anti-NSE/ZnCdHgSe QDs/PDPIT/ITO sensing platform was established. Simplely using a white-light LED as an excitation source, the immunoassay of neuron specific enolase (NSE) was achieved through monitoring the photocurrent variation. The polymerized ionic liquid film was demonstrated to be an important element to enhance the photocurrent response of ZnCdHgSe QDs. The anti-NSE/ZnCdHgSe QDs/PDPIT/ITO based immunosensor presents excellent performances in neuron specific enolase determination. The photocurrent variation before and after being interacted with NSE exhibits a good linear relationship with the logarithm of its concentration (log cNSE) in the range from 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1). The limit of detection of this immunosensor is able to reach 0.2 pg mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The determination of NSE in clinical human sera was also demonstrated using anti-NSE/ZnCdHgSe QDs/PDPIT/ITO electrode. The results were found comparable with those obtained by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

A novel ionic liquid, 4-amino-1-(3-mercapto-propyl)-pyridine hexafluorophosphate (AMPPH), was successfully synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, AMPPH was used as a functional monomer to fabricate AMPPH-modified gold nanoparticles (AMPPH-AuNPs) via a one-pot synthesis method. The as-prepared AMPPH-AuNPs were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AMPPH-AuNPs were used to construct a biocompatible interface to immobilize rabbit anti-human IgG (anti-HIgG) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, followed by a cross-linking step with glutaraldehyde to fabricate an anti-HIgG-AMPPH-AuNPs/GCE. The nonspecific binding sites were enclosed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to develop an immunosensor for human IgG. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the developed immunosensor. The results indicate that AMPPH-AuNPs can improve the immunosensing performance. The current response of the immunosensor was found linearly related to human IgG concentration in the range of 0.1-5.0 ng mL(-1) and 5.0-100.0 ng mL(-1). The detection limit is estimated to be 0.08 ng mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The obtained immunosensor was successfully applied to the analysis human IgG immunoglobulin in human serum, and the results were well consistent with ELISA method.

A polymeric film modified glassy carbon electrode was electrochemically fabricated with potential step technique using 1-butyl-3-[3-(N-pyrrole)propyl] imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid as a monomer. Followed by being treated with sodium dodecyl sulfonate solution, a hydrophobic film bearing poly{1-butyl-3-[3-(N-pyrrolyl)propyl]imidazolium dodecyl sulfonate} moiety was modified onto electrode surface. The substitution was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology of the polymeric film electrode surface was characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical behaviors of magnolol at the hydrophobic polymeric film electrode were systematically investigated with voltammetry. Compared with the unmodified glassy carbon electrode, the oxidation peak shift slightly towards positive potential and the oxidation peak current significantly increased. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was linearly related to the magnolol concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10(-8) to 1.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) and 1.0 × 10(-6) to 5.0 × 10(-5) mol L(-1). The detection limit was estimated to be 4.55 × 10(-9) mol L(-1) (S/N=3). The polymerized ionic liquid film electrode was successfully used to analysis magnolol in M. officinalis. The result was consistent with that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography., (© 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Highly-ordered zirconium dioxide (ZrO(2)) nanotubes were prepared with porous anodic alumina as the template by the liquid phase deposition technique. The obtained ZrO(2) nanotubes were characterized by transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A new biocompatible nano-platform for the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) was developed by coating a chitosan (CHI) solution, in which the ZrO(2) nanotubes, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ([BMIM]BF(4)) and Hb were dispersed, onto a glassy carbon electrode surface. Direct electrochemistry of the immobilized Hb on the electrode surface was then investigated. The results indicated that remarkable improvements on the direct electrochemistry of Hb were achieved. In addition, the potential application of the Hb immobilized electrode (Hb/ZrO(2)/[BMIM]BF(4)/CHI/GCE) in biosensing was demonstrated by the catalytic electrochemical reduction of nitrite ion (NO(2)(-)) in an aqueous solution., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Icosahedral gold nanocrystals (AuNCs) were synthesized by using the ionic liquid (IL) 1-(10-bromodecyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide as a morphology-controlling reagent. The novel IL 1,3-di-(3-mercaptopropyl)-imidazolium bromide was employed as a bifunctional monomer to integrate the AuNCs onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with gold nanoparticles. After interaction with thioglycolic acid (TGA) and activation of the carboxy groups, the antibody against squamous cell carcinoma antigen was immobilized on the modified GCE. Residual active sites were blocked with bovine serum albumin. The new materials and the steps for immunosensor fabrication were fully characterized. The reduction in peak current (using hexacyanoferrate as an electrochemical probe) due to the recognition of SCCA is linearly related to the SCCA concentration in the 0.02 to 10 ng mL concentration range. The detection limit is as low as 12.6 pg mL (at an S/N ratio of 3). The assay was applied to the quantitation of SCCA in human serum samples. The accuracy was validated by comparison with an ELISA method. The two methods displayed excellent consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Chemistry is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets functionalized with 1,3-di(4-amino-1-pyridinium) propane tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid (DAPPT) was successfully synthesized and fully characterized. DAPPT-rGO nanosheets were coated to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface to immobilize tyrosinase (Tyr). The Tyr-DAPPT-rGO/GCE was characterized with scanning electronic microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biosensor shows a linear response to bisphenol A (BPA) in the concentration range of 1.0×10−9∼3.8×10−5 mol L−1. The detection limit was calculated to be 3.5×10−10 mol L−1 (S/N=3). The practical application was demonstrated by determining BPA leaching from commercial plastic drinking bottles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 1-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-3-[3-(N-pyrrole)propyl]imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid was successfully synthesized and was used as functional monomer to electrochemically fabricate a polymer film modified glassy carbon electrode (Poly-IL/GCE). Morphology and the interfacial property of Poly-IL/GCE were examined with scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model compound to investigate the sensing performance of Poly-IL/GCE using voltammetry. The oxidation peak currents of BPA at the Poly-IL/GCE exhibit a linear response to its concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10-1.0 × 10 M. The detection limit is calculated to be 4.0 × 10 M (S/N = 3). The Poly-IL/GCE was successfully applied to analysis BPA leaching from drinking water bottle. The results are consistent with that of high-performance liquid chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ionic liquid 1-butyl -3-[3-(N-pyrrole)-propyl]imidazolium tetrafluoroborate was employed to fabricate a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a porous film of a polymerized ionic liquid. The resulting film electrode was treated with sodium dodecyl sulfonate solution to exchange the terafluoroborate anions by dodecyl sulfonate groups. This was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology of the modified GCE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and revealed a nanoporous surface. The electrochemical properties of this film electrode were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using the hexacyanoferrate(II/III) system as an electroactive probe. The response to bisphenol A was investigated by voltammetry. Compared to the unmodified GCE, the oxidation potential is positively shifted, and the oxidation peak current is strongly increased. Experimental conditions were optimized and resulted in an oxidation peak current that is linearly related to concentration of bisphenol A in the 10 nM to ~ 10 μM range. The detection limit is 8.0 nM (at S/ N = 3). The electrode was successfully applied to the determination of bisphenol A in leachates of plastic drinking bottles, and its accuracy was verified by independent assays via HPLC. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Vinyl-3-butyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (VBimPF6) was used as a functional monomer to fabricate an imprinted film onto a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticle under the conditions applying 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl (DiBB) as a template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker, and ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine as initiators at room temperature. After the fabrication process, the embedded DiBB template was removed to obtain a new electrochemical sensor with high specific recognition sites toward DiBB. The morphology of the electrode surface was characterized with scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to test the sensing performances of this newly developed electrode. The imprinted film exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity in the determination of DiBB. Under optimized conditions, the charge transfer resistance attributed to the interaction of DiBB with the electrode was found linearly related to the logarithm of DiBB concentration in the range from 0.005 to 10.0 μM. The estimated detection limit is 0.001 μM (S/N = 3). Therefore, this electrode shows great application potential for the determination of trace DiBB contents in soil samples.4,4′-Dibromobiphenyl imprinted polymerized ionic liquid integrated with gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated. Electrochemical impedance response was used for sensing performance investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Amino-functionalized ionic liquid is doped into perovskite crystal. • Hole-conductor free solar cells with carbon electrode is fabricated using the perovskite crystal. • Power conversion efficiency of solar cell is enhanced from 10.08% to 13.01%. • The device retains 94% of its initial PCE after storing the PSC for 840 h. Amino group functionalized hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-ethylamine hydrobromide-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (ILPF 6) ionic liquid, was employed as the functional monomer to fabricate a carbon-based hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells with high performances. The photoactive perovskite layer was facilely acquired by one-step spin-coating the precursor solution on a TiO 2 /FTO electrode surface, and subsequently annealed at an initial annealing at 60 °C for 3 min followed by annealing at 100 °C for 10 min to crystallize. The perovskite precursor solution was prepared by mixing ILPF 6 ionic liquid and methylammonium iodide with an equal molar ratio of PbI 2. In the optimized conditions, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was enhanced from 10.08% to 13.01% by doping ILPF 6 into the perovskite crystal film. This study demonstrates the multifaceted functions of ILPF 6 ionic liquid in improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs. First, ILPF 6 can react with PbI 2 to form perovskite and can also play a role of the controlling and crosslinking reagent to obtain large grain size and minimize defects. Secondly, ILPF 6 can improve the loading amount of perovskite crystals on the TiO 2 film. Third, ILPF 6 can promote the transport rate of the photogenerated carriers in the perovskite crystal layer. Lastly, ILPF 6 ionic liquid with its high hydrophobicity creates a moisture barrier to improve the stability of PSCs effectively. The PSCs were stored under dark in a low relative humidity atmosphere (RH of 20%) at 25 °C without sealing. After 840 h, the PSC can maintain 94% of its initial PCE under the identical intensity illumination. This study demonstrates an excellent strategy to break through the bottleneck of the traditional PSCs and the enhanced effect of ionic liquid for carbon-based PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A novel ionic liquid, 3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (APMimPF 6), with high hydrophobic property was successfully applied as the functional monomer for the halide perovskite preparation. The new hydrophobic ionic liquid significantly facilitates the perovskite forming a 2-dimensional structure with good passivation, particularly at the grain boundaries because of the high hydrophobic character and large size of ionic liquid molecule. The perovskite solar cell fabricated with this new perovskite based on the hydrophobic ionic liquid was found possessing excellent properties: the maximum value of J sc = 22.9 mA cm−2, V oc = 1.05 V, and PCE = 17.3%. In addition, the perovskite solar cell also shows good long-term stability, which benefited from the protecting effect of the high hydrophobic ionic liquid. In a typical stability test, the cells stored under the conditions with a relative humidity of 57% for 40 days, the PCE was able to retain 98% of its initial value. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a significant protocol for the development of highly stable perovskite solar cells. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • 3-(3-Aminopropyl)-1-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid was synthesized. • Perovskite based on ionic liquid as functional monomer was prepare. • Solar cell based on ionic liquid functionalized perovskite was fabricated. • Solar cell with high performance and stability was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • DITAPIBr ionic liquid controllably synthesize ultrathin MoSe 2 nanosheets. • DIBPIBr ionic liquid controllably prepare hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs). • Novel photoelectrochemical immunosensor based HGNs-MoSe 2 was fabricated. • Photoelectrochemical sensing of SCCA was fulfilled. • SCCA concentrations in clinical serum samples were accurately assayed. Abstract A photoelectrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) assay with high performances by using MoSe 2 nanosheets and hollow gold nanospheres as photosensitive materials. MoSe 2 nanosheets were simply synthesized with a hydrothermal method using 1,3-di-(3-thioacetylpropyl)-imidazolium bromide (DITAPIBr) ionic liquid as a morphological controlling reagent, selenium powder, and sodium molybdate as raw materials. Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were prepared by using 1,3-di-(3-bromopropyl)-imidazolium bromide ionic liquid (DIBPIBr) as functional monomer, and NaBH 4 as a reductant to interact with the HAuCl 4 solution. Subsequently, HGNs were integrated with MoSe 2 nanosheets to provide a HGNs-MoSe 2 nanocomposite. The photocurrent intensity of MoSe 2 nanosheets was significantly enhanced by the hybridization of HGNs. Furthermore, HGNs-MoSe 2 nanocomposites were coated onto a glassy carbon electrode surface to construct a platform for the immobilization of SCCA antibody (anti-SCCA), resulted in a photoelectrochemical immunosensing system for determining SCCA. Under optimized conditions, the fabricated immunosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity towards SCCA, and exhibits a detection limit of 0.21 pg mL−1 and a linear range from 1.0 pg mL−1 to 50 ng mL−1. Meanwhile, the practicability of the immunosensor was demonstrated by determining SCCA in clinical serum samples with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquid functionalized tungsten disulfite nanosheets (IL-WS 2 ) were prepared by using 1-vinyl-3-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazolium bromide (VAPimBr) ionic liquid as an auxiliary reagent to exfoliate WS 2 bulk crystals in N-methyl pyrrolidone with ultrasonication. Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were controllably synthesized by using 1,3-di(3-bromopropyl)-imidazolium bromide ionic liquid as the functional monomer. HGNs were integrated onto IL-WS 2 nanosheet surface to fabricate a HGNs/IL-WS 2 nanocomposite through the interaction between S and Au atoms. VAPimBr ionic liquid and HGNs can significantly enhance the photocurrent response of IL-WS 2 nanosheets. Human epididymis protein 4 antibody (anti-HE4) was immobilized onto the HGNs/IL-WS 2 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Followed by being treated with glutaraldehyde vapor and bovine serum albumin (BSA), a photoelectrochemical immunosensor for human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was successfully constructed and denoted as anti-HE4/HGNs/IL-WS 2 /GCE. The photoelectrochemical variation upon interacting with HE4 was used for the quantitative assay. Experimental conditions including the exfoliation time, the amount of VAPimBr ionic liquid, HGNs size, ascorbic acid concentration, incubation time, incubation temperature have been optimized. Under optimal conditions, HE4 was determined by using the photoelectrochemical immunosensor in a dynamic linear range from 0.1 pg mL −1 to 10 ng mL −1 with a detection limit of 0.03 pg mL −1 (S/N = 3). HE4 in clinical serum samples were also accurately determined with satisfied results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for neuron specific enolase (NSE) was developed by electrochemical polymerizing ionic liquid, which was functionalized with pyrrole moiety, in between gold nanoarrays. A well-defined 3D structured gold nanoarray was fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface by using template-assisted electrochemical deposition technique. 1-(3-mercaptopropyl)-3-vinyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate was self-assembled onto the surface of gold nanoarrays to produce active sites for anchoring the molecularly imprinted film. Subsequently, an electrochemical polymerization procedure was carried out in an aqueous solution containing 1,3-di(3-N-pyrrolpropyl)imidazolium bromine ionic liquid and neuron specific enolase (NSE). After removing NSE templates, a molecularly imprinted sensor was successfully fabricated. The sensor showed high selectivity and sensitivity towards NSE, produced a linear response in the concentration range from 0.01 to 1.0 ng mL −1 and had a detection limit of 2.6 pg mL −1 with an incubation time of 15 min. The developed sensor was demonstrated successful in determining NSE in clinical serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-model biosensor was prepared for assaying phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan 3 (GPC3) by coupling near-infrared photoelectrochemical with ratiometric electrochemical sensing techniques. Nd-MOFs synthesized with ionic liquid and Nd3+ ions were integrated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form Nd-MOF@AuNPs nanocomposites. Nd-MOF@AuNPs nanocomposites were used as a near-infrared photoactive element to construct a photoelectrochemical interface. Fc-Apt was fixed on the Nd-MOF@AuNPs based NIR photoelectrochemical interface by Au-S bond to provide electrochemical signal through the oxidation of Fc. The specific recognition of GPC3 can lead to the decrease of the photocurrent and the oxidation peak current of Fc (I Fc). Subsequently, the methylene blue-labeled aptamer (MB-Apt@AuNRs) was introduced into the interface to form a sandwich immunocomplex, MB-Apt@AuNRs/GPC3/FC-Apt, resulting in the amplification of the photocurrent and the oxidation peak current of MB (I MB) and a decrease on the value of I Fc. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linear response ranges for the ratiometric electrochemical (I MB / I Fc) and photoelectrochemical sensing strategies were 0.005–10 and 0.001–10 ng mL−1, respectively. The calculated detection limits were 0.66 and 1.9 pg/mL. The dual-model biosensing system provides good performances in determining GPC3 in human serum samples, and can be considered as a potential tool for the diagnosis of tumor. [Display omitted] • Ionic liquid functionalized Nd-MOF nanoballs was synthesized. • Nd-MOF nanoballs provide a narrow band gap and show near-infrared absorption. • Gold nanoparticles and nanorods were used to amplify signals. • A dual-mode aptasensor based on NIR PEC and ratiometric EC sensing was prepared. • High-performance determination of GPC3 was achieved, even in serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most dangerous mycotoxins is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) that is commonly found in food. Thus, AFB1 has been considered as a serious food safety concern. Herein, using Er-MOF nanoballs assembled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as photoactive elements, a photoelectrochemical aptasensor with high analytical performance was developed for sensing AFB1. Er-MOFs nanoballs were prepared by using ionic liquid as a ligand and Er3+ as a metal center through a solvothermal method. Chloroauric acid was reduced in-situ onto Er-MOF nanoballs to form Er-MOF@AuNPs nanocomposites. AuNPs can effectively enhance the photocurrent of Er-MOF nanoballs attributed to their excellent conductivity and local surface plasma resonance effect. In addition, they can provide active sites for immobilizing more biorecognition elements that can further enhance the sensing performance. Through self-assembling reaction, thiol-functionalized hairpin DNA (hDNA) was immobilized onto an Er-MOF@AuNPs-based interface to construct a photoelectrochemical biosensing platform. As the AFB1 aptamers labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-Apt) were selectively recognized, the photocurrent response can be further amplified. Due to the high affinity of AFB1 and its aptamer (Apt), when Apt is reacted with AFB1, it causes AuNPs-Apt detaching from the PEC aptasensing interface, and thus a reduced photocurrent response is generated. Under optimized conditions, the changes of photocurrent before and after recognition of AFB1 exhibits a linear response from 0.005 to 10.0 ng mL−1. In addition, the limit of detection obtained was 19.6 fg mL−1. This PEC aptasensor provides relatively high selectivity, reproducibility and accuracy in the determination of AFB1 in real corn samples. [Display omitted] • Carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid was synthesized for preparing Er-MOFs nanoballs. • In-situ formation of AuNPs on Er-MOFs nanoballs produce Er-MOFs/AuNPs nanocomposites. • A PEC aptasensor based on Er-MOFs/AuNPs was developed for sensing AFB1. • Signal amplification was achieved by gold nanoparticles labeled AFB1 aptamers. • High-performance determination of AFB1 was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A molecularly imprinted polymer film was in situ polymerized on a carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode surface under room temperature. This technique provides a promising imprinting approach for protein in an aqueous solution using 3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-vinylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid as functional monomer, N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as crossing linker, ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine as initiator, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as template. The molecularly imprinted polymerized ionic liquid film shows enhanced accessibility, high specificity and sensitivity towards BSA. Electrochemical sensing performance of the imprinted sensor was thoroughly investigated using K 3 Fe[CN] 6 /K 4 Fe[CN] 6 as electroactive probes. Under optimal conditions, the current difference before and after specific recognition of BSA was found linearly related to its concentration in the range from 1.50×10 −9 to 1.50×10 −6 mol L −1 . The detection limit was calculated to be 3.91×10 −10 mol L −1 ( S / N =3). The practical application of the imprinted sensor was demonstrated by determining BSA in liquid milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel ionic liquid, 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-[1-(3-pyrrolyl-propyl)]-piperidinium bromide, was synthesized and characterized. Carboxylic-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets were modified with this ionic liquid to fabricate a nanocomposite which was denoted as GrO-COO-IL. Characterizations of FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the successful conjunction of these two components. GrO-COO-IL nanocomposites were homogeneously dispersed with utralpure water, and were then coated onto glassy carbon electrode surface. Followed by cyclic voltammetric scanning, a graphene oxide-polymerized ionic liquid film modified electrode (GrO-COO-Poly-IL/GCE) was prepared, and was studied with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. It was found that both honokiol and magnolol exhibit sensitive voltammetric response at the GrO-COO-Poly-IL/GCE. Simultaneous assay of honokiol and magnolol was realized with differential pulse voltametry. In the presence of magnolol, the oxidation peak current was linearly related to honokiol concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10 −8 ∼ 1.0 × 10 −5 mol L −1 with a detection limit of 1.53 × 10 −9 mol L −1 (S/N = 3). Meanwhile, in the presence of honokiol, a linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and magnolol concentration was found from 7.0 × 10 −8 to 1.0 × 10 −5 mol L −1 . The detection limit is calculated to be 8.27 × 10 −9 mol L −1 (S/N = 3). In addition, GrO-COO-Poly-IL/GCE was successfully used for determination of honokiol in the traditional Chinese medicine, and was demonstrated to be an effective and sensitive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Electrochemical fabrication of a novel ionic liquid based polymeric film electrode. [•] Studies on voltammetric behaviors of estradiol at the polymeric film electrode. [•] Effective oxidation peak current for the voltammetric determination of estradiol. [•] Application of the polymeric film electrode for estradiol assay in real sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-ionic liquid (IL) nanocomposite fabrication. [•] SWCNTs-Poly-IL film modified electrode was prepared and characterized. [•] Voltammetric behaviors of bisphenol A were investigated thoroughly. [•] Sensitive voltammetric method for bisphenol A determination was developed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: 1,3-Di(4-amino-1-pyridinium)propane tetrafluoroborate (DAPPT) ionic liquid was successfully synthesized, and was used as a modifier to functionalize graphene nanosheets through covalent binding of amino groups and epoxy groups in an alkaline solution. The as-prepared graphene-DAPPT nanosheets (Gr-DAPPT) were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/vis and FTIR spectroscopy. A biocompatible platform based on Gr-DAPPT was constructed for the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) through a cross-linking step with chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The direct electron transfer and bioelectrocatalytic reaction of Hb immobilized on Gr-DAPPT surface were achieved. A pair of reversible redox peaks of hemoglobin was observed, and bioelectrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of H2O2 was also demonstrated, displaying a potential application for the fabrication of novel biosensors to sense H2O2. Such results indicated that Gr-DAPPT based interface would be a promising platform for biomacromolecular immobilization and biosensor preparation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A water soluble ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4), was incorporated into TiO2 nanoparticles to fabricate a hybrid film modified glassy carbon electrode (nano‐TiO2/[BMIM]BF4/GCE) through electrochemical deposition in a tetrabutyltitanate sol solution containing [BMIM]BF4. The obtained nano‐TiO2/[BMIM]BF4/GCEs were characterized scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical behaviors of p‐acetaminophen at the nano‐TiO2/[BMIM]BF4/GCEs were thoroughly investigated. Compared to the redox reaction of p‐acetaminophen using an unmodified electrode under the same conditions, a new reduction peak was observed clearly at 0.26V with the modified electrode. In addition, the peak potential for the oxidation of p‐acetaminophen was found to shift negatively about 90mV and the current response increased significantly. These changes indicate that the nano‐TiO2/[BMIM]BF4 hybrid film can improve the redox reactions of p‐acetaminophen in aqueous medium. Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship was obtained for the p‐acetaminophen solutions with concentration in the range from 5.0×10−8 to 5.0×10−5 M. The estimated detection limit was 1.0×10−8 M (S/N=3). The newly developed method was applied for the determination of p-acetaminophen in urine samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • PIL-KGM hydrogel dressings were successfully synthesized. • PIL-KGM hydrogels provide excellent swelling, absorptive and mechanical properties. • PIL-KGM hydrogel dressings exhibit durable antibacterial and hemostatic ability. • PIL-KGM dressing combined with ES can accelerate diabetic wound healing process. Chronic wounds are more difficult to be cured than the general wounds, particularly for the wounds of diabetic patients. It also increases the risk of bacterial infections and may cause other serious complications. Electrical stimulation (ES) can promote the healing of wounds efficiently. However, single electrode-based ES strategy is difficult to cover the entire part of the wounded area that may cause unsatisfactory treatment efficiency. We herein reported a multifunctional and conductive hydrogel dressing developed based on the polymerized ionic liquid and konjac glucomannan (KGM). It was found that this newly developed hydrogel dressing not only possesses excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility but also provides a durable and efficient sterilization effect without releasing antibacterial factors. With the enhancement of current electrical stimulation by using this hydrogel dressing, the migration and proliferation of fibroblast cells and the treatment effect towards diabetic skin wounds were significantly improved. The polymerized and ionic liquid functionalized KGM hydrogel dressing coupled with ES may be able to provide a novel strategy for treating chronic wounds efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]