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A quaternized chitosan (QCS)@poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) hydrogel adhesive was prepared by in-situ ultraviolet (UV)-induced copolymerization of 1-vinyl-3-butyl imidazolium bromide ([BVIm][Br]) and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) in QCS aqueous solution without using any crosslinkers, which was stably crosslinked by reversible hydrogen bonding together with ion association and exhibited excellent adhesion, plasticity, conductivity and recyclability properties. Moreover, its thermal/pH-responsive behaviors and intermolecular interaction mechanism of thermal-triggered reversible adhesion were discovered, meanwhile good biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, repeated stickiness and degradability were also proved. The results showed that the newly developed hydrogel could make various tissues, organic, inorganic or metal materials adhered tightly within 1 min; after 10 binding-peeling cycles, the adhesive strength to glass, plastic, aluminum and porcine skin still remained beyond 96 %, 98 %, 92 % and 71 % of the original, respectively. The adhesion mechanism involves ion dipole interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, coordination, cation-π interaction, H-bonding and van der Waals force. For above merits, the new tricomponent hydrogel is expected to be applied in biomedical field to achieve adjustable adhesion and on-demand peeling., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Friendly and highly efficient acquisition of multiple active components from foods is always of great interest. For synchronous extraction and separation flavonoids together with oil from Tartary buckwheat, a new triphase dynamic system was developed with magnetic nanofluid based on deep eutectic solvent (N888-Cl/lauric acid, 1:2) (liquid phase 1), ionic liquid ([C 4 mim]Br) aqueous solution (liquid phase 2) and raw material powders (solid phase). It was the first time that two types of green solvents were simultaneously applied and assisted by magnetic separation. Through the investigation on key properties and operational conditions of this system, the extraction efficiency of oil and flavonoids in liquid phase 1 and 2 was achieved as 35.29 and 41.17 mg/g respectively, which were higher than that of conventional ways. Then kinetic and thermodynamics mechanisms were discovered comprehensively. After targeted recovery, the spectral characterization and antioxidant activity of two products proved the effectiveness of the developed method., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Various membranes are playing more and more important roles in the field of analytical and preparative applications of general interest, and some of them have been used in enantioresolution for amino acids (AAs) or similar bioactive molecules. In this study, a new composite membrane was prepared with chiral ionic liquid (CIL) of [BuPyro] [L-Pro] as chiral selector together with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and additives through a simple way for the first time. Based on such a separation medium, the enantioresolution of amino acid enantiomers were achieved by forming ternary ligand complexes with Cu(II). It was comprehensively characterized by various ways, and key preparation conditions were discovered. After comparing the performance of three operation modes on the resolution of racemic phenylalanine, the effects of main influential factors were investigated and enantiomeric excess value (e.e.%) was 90.2% for the (D,L)-Phe aqueous solution (membrane thickness: 0.15±0.02 mm, total weight: 80 mg, CIL: 41.7%). Through effective desorption, up to 98.1% of the target was recovered. Finally, the mechanism of resolution was revealed by molecular simulation, kinetics and isotherm models, and the difference of interactive energy between ternary complexes of L-Phe-Cu(II)-CIL and D-Phe-Cu(II)-CIL was calculated as 1.56 kcal/mol. The membrane also remained stable after the post-treatment and showed good potential in chiral separation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

With the development of health service, animal husbandry, aquaculture and the chemical industry, more and more pollutants are discharged into the water environment, including antibiotics and heavy-metal ions. These hazardous substances pose a great threat to environmental safety and human health. Two new kinds of green solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), are widely utilized in various fields, including separation and environmental engineering, and are attracting much attention from academia and industry. In this study, an optimal ionic liquid and a deep eutectic solvent were selected, and their complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was first prepared by a process of simple and effective inclusion. After necessary characterization and analysis, two kinds of complexes were applied to prepare a special two-sided sorbent disc by adding a diluent (excipient) and pressing the substance under 5~15 MPa. As a result, the IL and DES were stably immobilized on the disc to play a key role in the selective adsorption of targets. Moreover, the experiments with different hazardous substances achieved the expected results. This study demonstrates that the complex disc, with its easy preparation, good stability, and simple operation, exhibited many merits in its separation performance. We believe it to be a useful tool for water purification and detection of noxious substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) begin to be applied in more broad scopes and even in medicine steadily, so it is very necessary to study their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and influence on blood. For the first time, the main effects of popular imidazolium ILs with common anions and alkylated cations on rabbit blood were explored and compared comprehensively. A series of key indices and characteristic methods were applied in this systematic study. The thrombolytic properties in vitro of these ILs and their interactions with two kinds of serum albumins were also studied. This study provides key data and lays foundation for further applications of ILs and risk assessments in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • It is the first time about comprehensive transdermal studies and evaluation on ILs. • The basic permeation rules of 12 ILs and related combination were founded. • [C 4 mim][Br] shows low irritation besides high permeability and promotion effect. • Both simulated skin and various animal skins were employed and compared. • Interactions of IL and tyrosinase were explored by docking and inhibition assay. Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been proposed as a new useful component for various transdermal and medical purposes. Before they are fully recognized and applied, systematic investigation on their safety should be focused. By using different animal and bionic skins, 12 ILs (composed of imidazole, pyridine, quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphate cations and 5 common anions) and specific combinations between them were evaluated for their transdermal behaviors and potential adverse effects. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C 4 mim][Br]) showed prominent permeability and permeation enhancement on stratum corneum among them by affecting skin barrier, lipid fluidity as well as keratin, which could be attributed to the appropriate molecular size, hydrogen-bonding ability, and octanol–water partition coefficient. Within our investigation, skin color change, loose edema and inflammatory cells infiltration were observed with hazard Category 2. It was also investigated whether the skin irritation could be improved by autoimmune function in the short term. The kinetics and computational analysis revealed that [C 4 mim][Br] inhibited tyrosinase activity in a reversible mixed manner. Combined with other toxicological assessment methods, this study provides a new thinking for further research on the design principles and risk assessment for such 'green' chemical mediums in the field of transdermal delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]