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The intention of my diploma thesis was estimate the effective doses from different examinations in the area of the nuclear medicine and radiodiagnosis and find out what numbers are of the examinations in the Czech republic. In the theoretical part I worked with the professional literature, the applicable legal regulations and the internet links. The diploma thesis on the topic "Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech republic from medical sources" is partition to the two parts. The introductory part of the theoretical work is dedicated to the importance of medical radiation within radiological methods and to the brief description the whole thesis. In the other part od the thesis are summarized the informations about the ionizing radiation - about his history, species, sources, interactions with the environment and biological effects on the organism. In the other part of the thesis which is devoted to radiation protection is listed the basic czech legislation which relates on the given topic. Further are in this thesis within the radiation protection listed her objectives, conception, principles, radiation protection methods, radiation monitoring and basic monitored quantities which are important in terms of the radiation protection. In the last part of the theoretical thesis is listed the medical radiation and his possibilities of use in the medical. In this thesis were to established three objectives. The first objective was to estimate the average effective doses in various examinations in the nuclear medicine and the radiodiagnosis. For selected examinations was calculated the average effective dose for patients who underwent the selected examination in January 2022. In the framework of nuclear medicine, it was an skeletal scintigraphy (96 patients), myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (51 patients), perfusion and ventilation lung scintigraphy (166 patients) and dynamic renal scintigraphy (12 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021. In the famework of the radiodiagnosis, it was an CT brain natively (226 patients), abdominal CT natively (91 patients), CT chest native (33 patients) and CT of the lumbrar spine natively (46 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021 and the results listed in the document "Medical radiation assessment" released by the SÚJB in the year 2021. The second objective was to find out how are numbers of examinations mentioned above in Czech republic. For this purpose I was provided with data from ÚZIS. Within this objective were estimated the collective effective doses. The third objective was estimated the relative probability of emergence of stochastic effects (the cancer). For this purpose was used the program named X-ray risk.

Radiation protection in pediatric patients is a very current topic as the use of ionizing radiation in children's medicine is an integral part of the diagnosis or treatment of many diseases. International attention is paid to radiosensitivity in children. This is because a child's organism is much more sensitive to radiation than an adult's, and many parents are afraid of exposing their child to the risks of ionizing radiation. It may also happen that they may refuse the examination, but consistent and understandable communication between experts and parents can contribute to greater trust and mental peace of both the parents and their child patient. In the theoretical part, the problem of ionizing radiation, its effects on the human organism and the use of ionizing radiation in medicine, specifically in examinations at the nuclear medicine department, are described. The diploma thesis is focused on the risks in pediatric patients who undergo an examination in which ionizing radiation is used. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to emphasize the importance of ionizing radiation in medicine and to find out how communication between parents and a specialist takes place before the examination. It also appeals to the positive benefits of the examination outweighing the risks. A part of the research investigation is to find out whether parents are aware of the examination their child is undergoing and whether it contributes to alleviating their fears about the application of ionizing radiation. The research part is processed in the form of a questionnaire survey with the parents of child patients and interviews with experts in nuclear medicine.

The thesis deals with the radiation load on the staff at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in České Budějovice Hospital Plc. Its aim is to compare the radiation load on the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc before and after the installation of PET/CT gadget. My thesis includes a hypothesis in which I suppose that the radiation load of radiation has risen after the installation of the new gadget. To meet the target and verify the hypothesis I used the data which have been provided by the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc. I put the data into charts and made their graphic design. The data show that the overall radiation load on the staff has decreased thanks to the increased protection against radiation. New protection aids and gadgets have been bought to make the application of radiopharmaceuticals easier. The result of my thesis disproves the hypothesis set before the beginning of my thesis. My thesis has provided the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc with an overview of collective dosage within six years, which I recorded. By the disproof of my original hypothesis it has been acknowledged that the Hospital and the Department of Nuclear Medicine secured its staff and started to pay more attention to the protection against radiation.

A patient after a diagnostic application of radiopharmaceuticals as a source of radiation - mutual radiation strain of the personnel and patients My work focuses on the radiation protection on account of the potential influence of ionizing radiation with its negative effects on a human organism. In my work I concentrated on observing the obtained personal equivalent doses of the ionizing radiation in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. I also focused on the measurement and assessment of the dose rate obtained by the employees of the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. from treated patients with regard to the distance and type of the applied radiopharmaceutical. The methods chosen for the actual measuring, gathering, recording and assessment of the data are described in a great detail and presented in the methodology of my work. The data obtained from the personal TL dosimeters is registered and filed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. on a long term basis. Therefore it enabled me to analyze the equivalent dose of four nurses during the last five years. The results were compared with the figures determined in the regulation 307/2002 of the Code, as amended by regulation 499/2005 of the Code. The results are then clearly presented in tables and graphs. The collected data has confirmed that the values of equivalent doses obtained from the personal TL dosimeters of four nurses working in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. do not exceed figures determined by the regulation 307/2002 of the Code, as amended by regulation 499/2005 of the Code. The measured dose rates decrease with the distance and are proportional to the activity and type of radiopharmaceutical.