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To report and illustrate the main clinical presentations of posterior herpetic uveitis. Narrative review. The ocular manifestations of posterior herpetic uveitis include different clinical presentations. Herpes simplex and varicella zoster can cause acute retinal necrosis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, and non-necrotizing herpetic retinopathies. Cytomegalovirus has been associated with fulminant retinitis with confluent areas of retinal necrosis and retinal hemorrhages, indolent/granular retinitis, and frosted branch angiitis. These diverse clinical presentations are often associated with specific risk factors and different immunological profiles of the host. Herpetic viruses can cause posterior uveitis, presenting various clinical findings. Specific ocular manifestations and the immunological status of the host can help to differentiate the various herpetic entities before laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine disease profile of tubercular uveitis (TBU) in Paediatric population. Methods: Among 945 patients of the retrospective multinational study by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1, 29 Paediatric patients diagnosed with TBU were analyzed. Results: Mean age of disease presentation was 12.8 (range 4–18 years), with predominance of males (n = 14/20; 70.0%) and Asian ethnicity (n = 25/29; 86.2%). Posterior uveitis (n = 14/28; 50%) was the most frequent uveitis phenotype, with choroidal involvement occurring in 64.7% (n = 11/17). Incidence of optic disc edema and macular edema was higher in children (n = 8/18; 44.4% and n = 5/18; 27.8%, respectively) than in adults (n = 160/942; 16.9% and n = 135/942; 14.3%, respectively). Comparison of optic disc edema between subgroups showed a significant difference (P =.006). All patients received oral corticosteroids, most of them with antitubercular therapy. Treatment failure developed in 4.8% (n = 1/21). Conclusions: Children have a more severe inflammatory response to the disease, and an intensive anti-inflammatory therapeutic regimen is required to achieve a positive treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-fever retinitis (PFR) is an infectious or para-infectious uveitic entity caused by bacterial or viral agents and seen mainly in tropical countries. Systemic symptoms such as joint pain, skin rash are common during the febrile stage. On the basis of only clinical presentation, it is difficult to pin-point the exact etiology for PFR. Serological investigations, polymerase chain reaction, and knowledge of concurrent epidemics in the community may help to identify the etiological organism. Bacterial causes of PFR such as rickettsia and typhoid are treated with systemic antibiotics, with or without systemic steroid therapy, whereas PFR of viral causes such as chikungunya, dengue, West Nile virus, and Zika virus have no specific treatment and are managed with steroids. Nevertheless, many authors have advocated mere observation and the uveitis resolved with its natural course of the disease. In this article, we have discussed the clinical features, pathogenesis, investigations, and management of PFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To review the systemic and ocular manifestations of specific emergent viral infectious diseases relevant to the ophthalmologist with particular emphasis on anterior uveitis Methods: Review of literature.Results: Arboviral diseases are among the most important emergent and resurgent human infections, occurring mostly in tropical and subtropical zones, but appearing in virtually all regions of the world as a result of climate change, travel, and globalization. Arboviral infections are transmitted to humans by the bite of hematophagous arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. Systemic disease may range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. A wide variety of ocular manifestations, including uveitis, has been reported in association with these emerging viral diseases. Numerous viruses other than arboviruses also have been recently recognized as a potential cause of uveitis.Conclusions: Proper clinical diagnosis of any emerging infectious disease is based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by detection of virus-specific DNA or antivirus antibodies in serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe a case of intermediate uveitis and optic neuritis associated with Cogan's syndrome. Methods: A case report. Results: A 29‐year‐old white Caucasian female was referred to our department for decreased vision in her left eye (LE). Previous medical history revealed relapsing intermediate uveitis and optic neuritis in the LE for 5 years and a sensio‐neural hearing loss a year earlier. On presentation, her ophthalmological examination revealed best corrected visual acuity in the LE of 6/60 with a relative afferent pupillary defect. Slit lamp examination revealed a clear cornea, 0.5+ cells in the anterior chamber and 3+ cells in the vitreous. Fundus examination showed an optic disc atrophy. Examination of the right eye was unremarkable. Examination by the internist revealed palmar erythematous lesions. Laboratory work‐up was negative for infectious diseases. Testing for antinuclear antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and rheumatoid factor were negative. The diagnosis of atypical Cogan's syndrome was made based on the association of atypical ophthalmological manifestations and typical audio‐vestibular manifestations. The patient was treated with oral prednisone and azathioprine. Conclusions: Optic neuritis may rarely be an ocular manifestation of Cogan's syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]